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Biological Carbon Sequestration and Carbon Trading Re-visited AgEcon
van Kooten, G. Cornelis.
Under Kyoto, biological activities that sequester carbon can be used to create CO2 offset credits that could obviate the need for lifestyle-changing reductions in fossil fuel use. Credits are earned by storing carbon in terrestrial ecosystems and wood products, although CO2 emissions are also mitigated by delaying deforestation, which accounts for one-quarter of anthropogenic CO2 emissions. However, non-permanent carbon offsets from biological activities are difficult to compare with each other and with emissions reduction because they differ in how long they prevent CO2 from entering the atmosphere. This is the duration problem; it results in uncertainty and makes it difficult to determine the legitimacy of biological activities in mitigating climate...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Carbon offset credits from biological activities; Climate change; Duration of carbon sinks; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37083
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Biological Carbon Sinks: Transaction Costs and Governance AgEcon
van Kooten, G. Cornelis.
Activities that remove CO2 from the atmosphere and store it in forest and agricultural ecosystems can generate CO2-offset credits that can thus substitute for CO2 emissions reduction. Are biological CO2-uptake activities competitive with CO2 offsets from reduced fossil fuel use? In this paper, it is argued that transaction costs impose a formidable obstacle to direct substitution of carbon uptake offsets for emissions reduction in trading schemes, and that separate caps should be set for emissions reduction and sink-related activities. While a tax/subsidy scheme is preferred to emissions trading for incorporating biologically-generated CO2 offsets, contracts that focus on the activity and not the amount of carbon sequestered are most likely to lead to the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Carbon sequestration; Transaction costs; Climate change; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Q54; Q23; Q42; H23; D23.
Ano: 2008 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/45505
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Network Constrained Wind Integration: An Optimal Cost Approach AgEcon
Maddaloni, Jesse D.; Rowe, Andrew M.; van Kooten, G. Cornelis.
Planning electricity supply is important because power demand continues to increase while there is a concomitant desire to increase reliance on renewable sources. Extant research pays particular attention to highly variable, low-carbon energy sources such as wind and small-scale hydroelectric power. Models generally employ only a simple load levelling technique, ensuring that generation meets demand in every period. The current research considers the power transmission system as well as load levelling. A network model is developed to simulate the integration of highly variable non-dispatchable power into an electrical grid that relies on traditional generation sources, while remaining within the network’s operating constraints. The model minimizes a...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Electric networks; Optimal power flow; Wind power; Intermittent sources; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q40; Q42.
Ano: 2006 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37034
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ARE LOG MARKETS COMPETITIVE? EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE AND IMPLICATIONS FOR CANADA-U.S. TRADE IN SOFTWOOD LUMBER AgEcon
Niquidet, Kurt; van Kooten, G. Cornelis.
Under the U.S. Department of Commerce’s ‘changed circumstances’ review, it is possible that the countervail duty on Canadian lumber can be lowered if administered stumpage prices are based on transaction evidence appraisal – on actual auction data and regression analysis. The Province of British Columbia is implementing such a marketbased approach to set stumpage fees, relying on timber auction data from the Small Business Forest Enterprise Program (SBFEP) and OLS regression. We employ SBFEP data to estimate a truncated regression model, comparing our estimates of stumpage fees with the OLS results. It turns out that the OLS approach is biased and likely results in overestimates of stumpage in some timber stands and underestimates in others. Further, we...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2004 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18164
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USING CONTINGENT VALUATION WITH RESPONDENT UNCERTAINTY TO ESTIMATE THE COSTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE PROGRAMS: AN APPLICATION TO CANADIAN LANDOWNERS AgEcon
Shaikh, Sabina L.; van Kooten, G. Cornelis.
Using a survey of western Canadian agricultural landowners, we examine the cost and viability of two distinct afforestation options for carbon-uptake purposes. Responses to two separate, but most-likely related willingness to accept compensation questions are elicited using the contingent valuation method. Respondents then select the level of certainty with which they believe their responses were given. This paper provides a framework for estimation of the bivariate model with certainty and a modification of the model to incorporate uncertainty based on Li and Mattson's approach to preference uncertainty. While highly preliminary results are given for the bivariate model with certainty, applications of both models will be presented at the 2003 AAEA...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21906
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Land Degradation in Ethiopia: What do Stoves Have to Do with it? AgEcon
Gebreegziabher, Zenebe; van Kooten, G. Cornelis; van Soest, Daan P..
Land degradation is a particularly vexing problem in developing countries; as forests are depleted, crop residues and dung are used for fuel, which degrades cropland. In Ethiopia, the government encourages tree planting and adoption of energy efficient stove technologies to mitigate land degradation. We use data from 200 households in Tigrai, Ethiopia to examine the adoption of new stove technologies. Adoption is an economic decision, related to savings in time spent collecting fuel and cooking, and cattle required for everyday purposes. Results indicate adopters of efficient stoves reduce respective wood and dung use by 68 and 316 kg per month.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Land degradation; Technology adoption; Africa; Ethiopia; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; O55; Q24; Q55.
Ano: 2005 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37026
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CAN DOMESTICATION OF WILDLIFE LEAD TO CONSERVATION? THE ECONOMICS OF TIGER FARMING IN CHINA AgEcon
Abbott, Brant; van Kooten, G. Cornelis.
Tigers are a threatened species that might soon disappear in the wild. Not only are tigers threatened by deteriorating and declining habitat, but poachers continue to kill tigers for traditional medicine, decoration pieces and so on. Although international trade in tiger products has been banned since 1987 and domestic trade within China since 1993, tigers continue to be poached and Chinese entrepreneurs have established tiger farms in anticipation of their demise. While China desires to permit sale of tiger products from captive-bred tigers, this is opposed on the grounds that it likely encourages illegal killing. Instead, wildlife conservationists lobby for more spending on anti-poaching and trade-ban enforcement. In this study, a mathematical...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Endangered species; Extinction; Wildlife farming and bioeconomics; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q57; Q27; C61; F13.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46994
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Forest Management Zone Design with a Tabu Search Algorithm AgEcon
Krcmar, Emina; Mitrovic-Minic, Snezana; van Kooten, G. Cornelis; Vertinsky, Ilan.
Increased conflicts between timber production and environmental protection led some analysts to advocate land-use segregation, often referred to as forest management zoning. The objective of zoning is to create ecologically desirable non-fragmented forest reserves and group timber production areas. We formulate an integer programming model of forest zoning that explicitly addresses clustering of spatial units allocated to timber production and reserve zones while also promoting separation of these zones. A tabu search algorithm is developed, implemented and tested using a case study. The case study results indicate that up to 5% of the net financial return is sacrificed with a 'satisfactory' grouping of units within each zone. A 'good' separation between...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Forest planning; Integer programming; Reserves; Tabu search; Timber production; Zoning; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; C60; Q23; R14.
Ano: 2005 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37022
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Climate Change Impacts on Waterfowl Habitat in Western Canada AgEcon
van Kooten, G. Cornelis; Withey, Patrick; Wong, Linda.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Climate change; Wetlands; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/107094
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A Perspective on Carbon Sequestration as a Strategy for Mitigating Climate Change AgEcon
van Kooten, G. Cornelis.
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94501
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BIOFUELS, AGRICULTURE AND CLIMATE CHANGE AgEcon
Hubert, Marie-Helene; Chakravorty, Ujjayant; van Kooten, G. Cornelis.
In the context of ever-increasing petroleum prices combined with concerns about climate change, timing of adoption and rate of diffusion of land-based fuels and backstop technologies for transportation use are examined in this paper. A global model of land allocation joined with a Hotelling model has been developed. Using this framework, effects of climate and energy policies on world agricultural and energy markets have been explored. Further, their regional impacts are also analyzed. Whereas mandatory blending bio-fuels have substantial effects on world food prices and do not succeed in curbing down carbon emissions fluxes, carbon targets are expected to speed up date of adoption of backstop technologies. Then, sensitivity scenarios with regards to...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Ricardian rents; Land use; Biofuels; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44259
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Bio-energy from Mountain Pine Beetle Timber and Forest Residuals: The Economics Story AgEcon
Niquidet, Kurt; Stennes, Brad; van Kooten, G. Cornelis.
In light of the large volumes of pine killed in the Interior forests in British Columbia by the mountain pine beetle, many are keen to employ forest biomass as an energy source. To assess the feasibility of a wood biomass-fired power plant in the BC Interior it is necessary to know both how much physical biomass might be available over the life of a plant, but also its location because transportation costs are likely to be a major operating cost for any facility. To address these issues, we construct a mathematical programming model of fiber flows in the Quesnel Timber Supply Area of BC over a 25-year time horizon. The focus of the model is on minimizing the cost of supplying feedstock throughout space and time. Results indicate that over the life of the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Forest economics; Biomass and bio-energy; Forest pests; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; O13; Q23; Q42.
Ano: 2008 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/45476
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Conservation Payments under Risk: A Stochastic Dominance Approach AgEcon
Benitez, Pablo C.; Kuosmanen, Timo; Olschewski, Roland; van Kooten, G. Cornelis.
Updated version of REPA Working Paper 2004-05.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Agroforest systems; Conservation payments; Land allocation; Portfolio diversification; Risk; Stochastic dominance; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; C73; O54; Q23; Q57; R14.
Ano: 2005 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37024
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DEMAND FOR WILDLIFE HUNTING IN BRITISH COLUMBIA AgEcon
Sun, Lili; van Kooten, G. Cornelis; Voss, Graham M..
We present estimates of the demand for hunting licenses by residents and non residents in British Columbia for the period 1971–2000. We obtain estimates of both short-run and long- run price elasticities and discuss their revenue implications for future fee increases. We find the demand by non residents to be strongly correlated with U.S. income variation over the business cycle, but find no such role for cyclical income variation for resident hunters. The ability of the government to increase revenues from resident hunters turns out to be limited, particularly in the long run, while greater opportunities exist to raise revenues from U.S. hunters as short- and long-run price elasticities of demand are quite inelastic. We argue that conservation surcharges...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Demand and Price Analysis; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18153
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Resolving Range Conflict in Nevada? Buyouts and Other Compensation Alternatives AgEcon
van Kooten, G. Cornelis; Thomsen, Roy W.; Hobby, Thomas G..
Updated version of REPA Working Paper 2003-07.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Compensation for grazing rights; Environmental services; Range economics; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Q00; R14.
Ano: 2005 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37023
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What Makes Mountain Pine Beetle a Tricky Pest? Difficult Decisions when Facing Beetle Attack in a Mixed Species Forest AgEcon
Bogle, Tim; van Kooten, G. Cornelis.
The pine forest of British Columbia is undergoing its largest recorded pest epidemic. The damage caused by native mountain pine beetle creates difficulties for the public owner of the resource, which is interested in protecting future timber supply while salvaging dead and dying pine. This paper addresses two problems that have often been over-looked: the variability and timing of beetle attack, and the variability of pine inventory in each stand. Management controls are limited to the annual rate of harvest and timber product outputs are based on shelf life – the length of time infested timber can still be used to produce lumber. Using mathematical programming to schedule harvest, we introduce a novel objective function based on the maximization of the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Optimal timber supply; Catastrophic disturbance; Shelf life of damaged trees; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q23; Q54.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/117439
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Natural Gas, Wind and Nuclear Options for Generating Electricity in a Carbon Constrained World AgEcon
van Kooten, G. Cornelis.
A linear programming model is used to examine the impact of carbon taxes on the optimal generation mix in the Alberta electrical system. The model permits decommissioning of generating assets with high carbon dioxide emissions and investment in new gas-fired, wind and, in some scenarios, nuclear capacity. Although there is an intertie from Alberta to the U.S., the focus is on the connection to British Columbia as wind energy can potentially be stored in reservoirs behind hydroelectric dams. However, storage can also be used to smooth out the net load facing nuclear facilities. A carbon tax facilitates early removal of coal-fired capacity, which is replaced by low-emissions gas plants. It is only when the carbon tax exceeds $125/tCO2 that wind enters the...
Tipo: Working Paper Palavras-chave: Renewable energy; Nuclear power; Transmission capacity; Energy storage; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q42; Q54; Q48; Q58.
Ano: 2012 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/122353
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Farmland Conservation in the Netherlands and British Columbia, Canada: A Comparative Analysis Using GIS-Based Hedonic Pricing Models AgEcon
Cotteleer, Geerte; Stobbe, Tracy; van Kooten, G. Cornelis.
As a result of urban development farmland in many countries is under pressure. Reasons to preserve farmland are related to cultural heritage, food safety, open space, the environment, but also slowing and restricting development is a reason. To protect farmland countries use different land use policies. This paper will look specifically at two jurisdictions: The Netherlands and a particularly rich farming area in British Columbia, Canada. For these areas we will investigate how the institutions and laws present in these jurisdictions contribute to agricultural land preservation. We will analyse farmland values in a GIS-based hedonic pricing framework to answer this question. This combination enables us to analyse direct impacts of laws and regulations...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Hedonic pricing models; Zoning policies; Geographical Information System; Agricultural land values at the urban fringe; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Q10; Q15; R52.
Ano: 2007 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37045
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Carbon Incentive Mechanisms and Land-Use Implications for Canadian Agriculture AgEcon
Suchanek, Pavel; Shaikh, Sabina L.; van Kooten, G. Cornelis.
This research examines effects of various factors on participation in agricultural tree plantations for economic, environmental, social and carbon-uptake purposes. Using survey data from 2000 mail surveys of Canadian farmers, a discrete choice random utility analysis is used to determine probability of farmers' participation and the corresponding mean willingness to accept a tree-planting program. Estimation results show that the required compensation for accepting a tree-planting program is higher than the compensation suggested by a normative approach
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2001 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20607
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DEMAND FOR WILDLIFE HUNTING IN BRITISH COLUMBIA AgEcon
Sun, Lili; van Kooten, G. Cornelis; Voss, Graham M..
We present estimates of the demand for hunting licenses by residents and non residents in British Columbia for the period 1971–2000. We obtain estimates of both short-run and long-run price elasticities and discuss their revenue implications for future fee increases. We further find the demand by non residents to be strongly correlated with U.S. income variation over the business cycle; however, we find no such role for cyclical income variation for resident hunters. Finally, we demonstrate that hunters respond differently to conservation surcharges on hunting licenses relative to direct licensing charges, which has implications for policy makers introducing environmental surcharges in various contexts.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Demand and Price Analysis; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18165
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