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| Registros recuperados: 57 | |
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| Inoue,Keles R. A.; Souza,Cecília De F.; Matos,Antonio T.; Sousa,Marilú S.; Vieira,Maria De F. A.. |
| ABSTRACT Swine wastewater have high pollution load, requiring treatment before its disposal into the environment. Methane (CH4) potentially emitted for such waste is considered 21 times more polluting than Carbon dioxide (CO2), and the nitrous oxide (N2O) is considered 310 times. In this way, projects of the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) and energy use related to the CH4 are worldwide diffused. It was evaluated the potential greenhouse gas emissions in the influent and effluent from digesters and stabilization ponds used to treat the swine wastewaters in two commercial farms operating in full cycle, located in the municipality of Oratorios-MG, Brazil. Using the methodology “AM0006” to estimate the average potential of greenhouse gases, it was... |
| Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
Palavras-chave: Greenhouse gases; Air pollution; Swine; Waste management. |
| Ano: 2016 |
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-69162016000601198 |
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| Boersma, K. Folkert; Vinken, Geert C. M.; Tournadre, Jean. |
| We address the lack of temporal information on ship emissions, and report on rapid short-term variations of satellite-derived ship NOx emissions between 2005 and 2012 over European seas. Our inversion is based on OMI observed tropospheric NO2 columns and GEOS-Chem simulations. Average European ship NOx emissions increased by similar to 15% from 2005 to 2008. This increase was followed by a reduction of similar to 12% in 2009, a direct result of the global economic downturn in 2008-2009, and steady emissions from 2009 to 2012. Observations of ship passages through the Suez Canal and satellite altimeter derived ship densities suggests that ships in the Mediterranean Sea have reduced their speed by more than 30% since 2008. This reduction in ship speed is... |
| Tipo: Text |
Palavras-chave: Ship emissions; Air pollution; NOx emissions; Satellite altimetry; OMI; Europe. |
| Ano: 2015 |
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00307/41790/40994.pdf |
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| Noone, K.J.; Öström, E.; Ferek, R.J.; Garrett, T.; Hobbs, P.V.; Johnson, D.W.; Taylor, J.P.; Russell, L.M.; Flagan, R.C.; Seinfeld, J.H.; O'Dowd, C.D.; Smith, M.H.; Durkee, P.A.; Nielsen, K.; Hudson, J.G.; Pockalny, R.A.; De Bock, L.; Van Grieken, R.E.; Gasparovic, R.F.; Brooks, I.. |
| The effects of anthropogenic particulate emissions from ships on the radiative, microphysical, and chemical properties of m(oderately polluted marine stratiform clouds are examined. A case study of two ships in the same air mass is presented where one of the vessels caused a discernible ship track while the other did not. <i>In situ</i> measurements of cloud droplet size distributions, liquid water content, and cloud radiative properties, as well as aerosol size distributions (outside cloud, interstitial, and cloud droplet residual particles) and aerosol chemistry, are presented. These are related to measurements of cloud radiative properties. The differences between the aerosol in the two ship plumes are discussed; these indicate that... |
| Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
Palavras-chave: Aerosols; Air pollution; Albedo; Anthropogenic factors; Atmospheric boundary layer; Atmospheric particulates; Chemical plumes; Cloud physics; Clouds; Droplets; Fuels; Ocean-atmosphere system; Pollution effects; Radiative transfer; Ships; Size distribution. |
| Ano: 2000 |
URL: http://www.vliz.be/nl/open-marien-archief?module=ref&refid=8840 |
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| Noone, K.J.; Johnson, D.W.; Taylor, J.P.; Ferek, R.J.; Garrett, T.; Hobbs, P.V.; Durkee, P.A.; Nielsen, K.; Öström, E.; O'Dowd, C.; Smith, M.H.; Russell, L.M.; Flagan, R.C.; Seinfeld, J.H.; De Bock, L.; Van Grieken, R.; Hudson, J.G.; Brooks, I.; Gasparovic, R.F.; Pockalny, R.A.. |
| A case study of the effects of ship emissions on the microphysical, radiative, and chemical properties of polluted marine boundary layer clouds is presented. Two ship tracks are discussed in detail. <i>In situ</i> measurements of cloud drop size distributions, liquid water content, and cloud radiative properties, as well as aerosol size distributions (outside-cloud, interstitial, and cloud droplet residual particles) and aerosol chemistry, are presented. These are related to remotely sensed measurements of cloud radiative properties. The authors examine the processes behind ship track formation in a polluted marine boundary layer as an example of the effects of anthropogenic particulate pollution on the albedo of marine stratiform clouds. |
| Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
Palavras-chave: Aerosols; Air pollution; Albedo; Atmosphere; Atmosphere; Atmospheric boundary layer; Boundary layers; Cloud cover; Clouds; Man-induced effects; Marine environment; Marine pollution; Particulates; Remote sensing; Ships. |
| Ano: 2000 |
URL: http://www.vliz.be/nl/open-marien-archief?module=ref&refid=8839 |
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| Kolaitis, L.N.; Bruynseels, F.; Van Grieken, R.; Andreae, M.O.. |
| In open ocean waters the predominant volatile sulfur compound is dimethyl sulfide (DMS), representing almost 90% of the marine sulfur emissions. Methanesulfonic acid (MSA), one of the oxidation products of DMS, is consequently an important constituent of marine aerosols. Laser microprobe mass analysis (LAMMA) has been used for single-particle analysis of particles collected in the marine boundary layer. MSA, like the non-sea-salt sulfate, is mainly associated with the smallest aerosol particles, whose LAMMA spectra match the reference fingerprint spectra of MSA salts, sodium methanesulfonate and ammonium methanesulfonate. The presence of nitrate and heavy metal ions in the LAMMA spectra can reveal, to a certain extent, the degree of air pollution at the... |
| Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
Palavras-chave: Aerosols; Air pollution; Boundary layers; Heavy metals; Marine environment; Nitrates; Particle size; Sulphates. |
| Ano: 1989 |
URL: http://www.vliz.be/nl/open-marien-archief?module=ref&refid=3177 |
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| Krupnick, Alan J.; Morgenstern, Richard D.; Fischer, Carolyn; Rolfe, Kevin; Logarta, Jose; Rufo, Bing. |
| The Asian Development Bank has sponsored research on market-based instruments for managing pollution in Metro Manila, Philippines, where air quality is seriously degraded. This report offers three policy options for reducing particulate emissions and their precursors. For stationary sources, we recommend an emissions fee that creates efficient financial incentives to reduce emissions while raising revenues for monitoring and enforcement activities. For mobile sources, we propose a pilot diesel retrofit program using a low-cost technology that is effective at existing 2,000 ppm sulfur content. Second, we recommend a charge on the sulfur content of diesel fuel to encourage meeting and surpassing the 500 ppm standard to allow for more advanced particulate... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Air pollution; Emissions tax; Philippines; Particulates; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q25; Q01. |
| Ano: 2003 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10612 |
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| Bowland, Brad J.; Beghin, John C.. |
| The value-of-statistical-life (VSL) approach is used by environmental economists to value mortality changes resulting from environmental improvement, such as decreased urban air pollution. Because of scarce data, VSL estimates are not available for developing countries. Using robust regression techniques, we conduct a meta-analysis of VSL studies in industrialized countries to derive a VSL prediction function for developing economies accounting for differences in risk, income, human capital levels, and other demographic characteristics of these economies. We apply our estimated VSL to assess the willingness-to-pay for reduction in mortality linked to air pollution in Santiago, Chile. We find willingness-to-pay estimates in the range of $519,000 to $675,000... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Air pollution; Meta-analysis; Mortality; Santiago; VSL; Willingness-to-pay; Environmental Economics and Policy; I12; Q25; O15. |
| Ano: 1998 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18471 |
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| Palmer, Karen L.; Burtraw, Dallas. |
| In the mid-1990s, when the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission was preparing to release Order 888 requiring open access to the transmission grid, the commission, environmental groups, and the Environmental Protection Agency, among others, raised the question of how open access and greater competition in wholesale electricity markets might affect the environment. If open access worked as expected, underutilized older coal-fired generators in the Midwest and elsewhere might find new markets for their power, leading to associated increases in air pollution emissions. Restructuring also might lead to retirements of inefficient nuclear facilities, whose generation would be replaced by fossil generation, further increasing emissions. On the other hand, some... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Electricity; Electric utilities; Regulation; Competition; Environment; Air pollution; Natural gas; Coal; Nuclear; Renewables; Customer choice; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; L51; L94; L98. |
| Ano: 2005 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10656 |
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| Burtraw, Dallas. |
| This paper reports on four areas of research concerning Title IV of the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments that regulates emissions of SO2 from electricity generation. The first is the costs of the program over the long-run as estimated from the current perspective taking into account recent changes in fuel markets and technology. We compare projected costs with potential cost savings that can be attributable to formal trading of emission allowances. The second area is an evaluation of how well allowance trading has worked to date. The third area is the relationship between compliance costs and economic costs from a general equilibrium perspective. The fourth area is a comparison of benefits and costs for the program. |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Acid rain; Benefit-cost analysis; Air pollution; Permit trading; Clean Air Act; Environmental Economics and Policy; H43; Q2; Q4. |
| Ano: 1998 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10885 |
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| Molnar, Sandor; Debrecin, N.; Kovacevic, T.; Molnar, Melinda. |
| The external costs of electricity generation can be characterised by the resulting social and environmental impacts. The most significant impacts are the air pollutions impact on health, built in environment, crops, forests, agricultural areas and on global warming. The primary impact considered is the air pollution’s effect on human health. The monetised value of the health impact, the external costs are calculated for two regional coal power plants, the effects are examined on the EU level with the ExternE methodology. |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: External costs; Human health; Monetized environmental impacts; Energy production; Coal power plants; Air pollution; Environmental Economics and Policy; Health Economics and Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods. |
| Ano: 2008 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47553 |
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| Registros recuperados: 57 | |
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