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Mecanismos de dispersión y resistencia al ayuno en Raoiella indica Hirst (Acari: Tenuipalpidae). Colegio de Postgraduados
Ramírez López, José.
El ácaro Raoiella indica Hirst es una especie fitófaga obligada que en pocos años ha colonizado amplias zonas de América Tropical y ha causado severos daños, sobre todo a plantas de las familias Arecaceae y Musaceae. El presente trabajo estuvo dirigido a evaluar atributos biológicos de esta especie que permitan explicar su potencial como plaga invasiva. Se estudiaron su capacidad para sobrevivir en ausencia de alimento y sus mecanismos de dispersión, incluyendo el desplazamiento pasivo en el viento y la posible asociación forética sobre insectos. Se determinó que este ácaro tiene una resistencia a la inanición superior a la de otros ácaros fitófagos, con un máximo de 12 días en hembras adultas. El principal mecanismo de dispersión es mediante corrientes...
Palavras-chave: Plagas exóticas; Ayuno forzado; Hospederos; Foresia; Dispersión; Exotic pests; Forced starvation; Settling; Hosts; Phoresy; Dispersal; Entomología y Acarología; Maestría; Establecimiento.
Ano: 2014 URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10521/2239
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Winter Responses of Forest Birds to Habitat Corridors and Gaps Ecology and Society
St. Clair, Colleen Cassady; University of Alberta; cstclair@ualberta.ca; Hannon, Susan; University of Alberta; Sue.Hannon@ualberta.ca.
Forest fragmentation and habitat loss may disrupt the movement or dispersal of forest-dwelling birds. Despite much interest in the severity of these effects and ways of mitigating them, little is known about actual movement patterns in different habitat types. We studied the movement of wintering resident birds, lured by playbacks of mobbing calls, to compare the willingness of forest birds to travel various distances in continuous forest, along narrow corridors (fencerows), and across gaps in forest cover. We also quantified the willingness of Black-capped Chickadees (Poecile atricapillus) to cross gaps when alternative forested detour routes were available. All species were less likely to respond to the calls as distance increased to 200 m, although...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports Palavras-chave: Black-capped Chickadee; Corridor; Detour trials; Dispersal; Downy Woodpecker; Forest fragmentation; Gap width; Hairy Woodpecker; Movement; Poecile atricapillus; Picoides pubescens; Picoides villosus; Sitta carolinensis; White-breasted Nuthatch..
Ano: 1998
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Detecting Critical Scales in Fragmented Landscapes Ecology and Society
Keitt, Timothy; State University of New York at Stony Brook; Timothy.Keitt@StonyBrook.Edu; Urban, Dean L; Duke University; deanu@pinus.env.duke.edu; Milne, Bruce T; University of New Mexico; bmilne@sevilleta.unm.edu.
We develop methods for quantifying habitat connectivity at multiple scales and assigning conservation priority to habitat patches based on their contribution to connectivity. By representing the habitat mosaic as a mathematical "graph," we show that percolation theory can be used to quantify connectivity at multiple scales from empirical landscape data. Our results indicate that connectivity of landscapes is highly scale dependent, exhibiting a marked transition at a characteristic distance and varying significantly for organisms with different dispersal behavior. More importantly, we show that the sensitivity and importance of landscape pattern is also scale dependent, peaking at scales associated with the percolation transition. In addition, the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports Palavras-chave: Connectivity; Conservation in fragmented landscapes; Dispersal; Fragmentation; Habitat connectivity vs. dispersal distance; Landscape; Landscape graphs; Metapopulation; Percolation; Quantifying habitat connectivity at multiple scales; "stepping stone" patch; Strix occidentalis lucida..
Ano: 1997
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Framing Sustainability in a Telecoupled World Ecology and Society
Liu, Jianguo; Michigan State University, USA; liuji@msu.edu; Hull, Vanessa; Michigan State University, USA; hullvane@csis.msu.edu; Batistella, Mateus; EMBRAPA Satellite Monitoring, Campinas, SP, Brazil; mb@cnpm.embrapa.br; DeFries, Ruth; Columbia University, USA; rd2402@columbia.edu; Dietz, Thomas; Michigan State University, USA; tdietz@msu.edu; Fu, Feng; Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA; fufengenergy@gmail.com; Hertel, Thomas W.; Purdue University, USA; hertel@purdue.edu; Izaurralde, R. Cesar; University of Maryland, USA; cesar.izaurralde@pnnl.gov; Lambin, Eric F.; Stanford University, USA; elambin@stanford.edu; Li, Shuxin; Michigan State University, USA; lishu@msu.edu; McConnell, William J.; Michigan State University, USA; mcconn64@msu.edu; Moran, Emilio F.; Michigan State University, USA; moranef@msu.edu; Naylor, Rosamond; Stanford University, USA; Roz@stanford.edu; Ouyang, Zhiyun; Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; zyouyang@rcees.ac.cn; Polenske, Karen R.; Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA; krp@mit.edu; Reenberg, Anette; University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Ar@geogr.ku.dk; Simmons, Cynthia S.; Michigan State University, USA; simmo108@msu.edu; Verburg, Peter H.; Institute for Environmental Studies, VU University Amsterdam, Netherlands; Peter.Verburg@ivm.vu.nl; Vitousek, Peter M.; Stanford University, USA; vitousek@leland.stanford.edu; Zhang, Fusuo; China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; zhangfs@cau.edu.cn; Zhu, Chunquan; International Union for Conservation of Nature, China; caomu1963@126.com.
Interactions between distant places are increasingly widespread and influential, often leading to unexpected outcomes with profound implications for sustainability. Numerous sustainability studies have been conducted within a particular place with little attention to the impacts of distant interactions on sustainability in multiple places. Although distant forces have been studied, they are usually treated as exogenous variables and feedbacks have rarely been considered. To understand and integrate various distant interactions better, we propose an integrated framework based on telecoupling, an umbrella concept that refers to socioeconomic and environmental interactions over distances. The concept of telecoupling is a logical extension of research on...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis Palavras-chave: Agents; Causes; Coupled human-environment systems; Coupled human and natural systems; Coupled social-ecological systems; Dispersal; Distant interactions; Effects; Feedbacks; Flows; Globalization; Investment; Knowledge transfer; Migration; Socioeconomic and environmental interactions; Species invasion; Sustainability; Technology transfer; Teleconnection; Telecoupling; Trade; Transnational land deals; Water transfer.
Ano: 2013
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Local vs. Landscape Effects of Woody Field Borders as Barriers to Crop Pest Movement Ecology and Society
Bhar, Rod; Ottawa-Carleton Institute of Biology; rbhar@ccs.carleton.ca; Fahrig, Lenore; Carleton University; lfahrig@ccs.carleton.ca.
Maintenance of woody borders surrounding crop fields is desirable for biodiversity conservation. However, for crop pest management, the desirability of woody borders depends on the trade-off between their effects at the local field scale and the landscape scale. At the local scale, woody borders can reduce pest populations by increasing predation rates, but they can also increase pest populations by providing complementary habitats and reducing movement rate of pests out of crop fields. At the regional scale, woody borders can reduce pest populations by reducing colonization of newly planted crop fields. Our objective was to develop guidelines for maximizing pest control while maintaining woody borders in the landscape. We wished to determine the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports Palavras-chave: Biodiversity; Crop pest; Crop rotation; Dispersal; Fencerow; Field margin; Hedgerow; Patchy population; Pest control; Shelterbelt; Simulation model; Woody border..
Ano: 1998
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Extinction Risk in Successional Landscapes Subject to Catastrophic Disturbances Ecology and Society
Boughton, David; Pacific Northwest Research Station, U.S. Forest Service; david.boughton@noaa.gov; Malvadkar, Urmila; Princeton University; malvadkr@princeton.edu.
We explore the thesis that stochasticity in successional-disturbance systems can be an agent of species extinction. The analysis uses a simple model of patch dynamics for seral stages in an idealized landscape; each seral stage is assumed to support a specialist biota. The landscape as a whole is characterized by a mean patch birth rate, mean patch size, and mean lifetime for each patch type. Stochasticity takes three forms: (1) patch stochasticity is randomness in the birth times and sizes of individual patches, (2) landscape stochasticity is variation in the annual means of birth rate and size, and (3) turnover mode is whether a patch is eliminated by disturbance or by successional change. Analytical and numerical analyses of the model suggest that...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports Palavras-chave: Biodiversity; Catastrophe; Dispersal; Disturbance; Extinction; Landscape; Metapopulation; Patch dynamics; Patchy population; Succession.
Ano: 2002
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Habitat Shape, Species Invasions, and Reserve Design: Insights from Simple Models Ecology and Society
Cumming, Graeme; University of Florida; cummingg@wec.ufl.edu.
Species invasions have become a major threat to global biodiversity. We currently lack a general theory of species invasions that allows us to make useful predictions about when and where invasions will occur, whether they will be successful, and whether they will alter ecosystem function in invaded habitats. One line of enquiry in developing such a theory is to focus on the characteristics of successful invaders. A second, complementary approach is to examine habitats of interest more closely and ask how the properties of the habitat that is being invaded affect the likelihood of invasion success. In this paper, I consider the importance of habitat shape (also termed "habitat topology" or "habitat geometry") as a variable affecting the dispersal and...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports Palavras-chave: Cellular automaton model; Colonization; Connectivity; Dispersal; Habitat complexity; Habitat geometry; Habitat shape; Landscape ecology; Reaction-diffusion model; Reserve design; Reserve networks; Species invasion.
Ano: 2002
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Patch Size and Population Density: the Effect of Immigration Behavior Ecology and Society
Bowman, Jeff; Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources; jeff.bowman@mnr.gov.on.ca; Cappuccino, Naomi; Carleton University; ncappucc@ccs.carleton.ca; Fahrig, Lenore; Carleton University; lfahrig@ccs.carleton.ca.
Many habitat fragmentation experiments make the prediction that animal population density will be positively related to fragment, or patch, size. The mechanism that is supposed to result in this prediction is unclear, but several recent reviews have demonstrated that population density often is negatively related to patch size. Immigration behavior is likely to have an important effect on population density for species that do not show strong edge effects, for species that have low emigration rates, and during short-term habitat fragmentation experiments. We consider the effect that different kinds of immigration behaviors will have on population density and we demonstrate that only a minority of possible scenarios produce positive density vs. patch size...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports Palavras-chave: Colonization; Connectivity; Dispersal; Edge; Emigration; Experiment; Fragmentation; Immigration; Individuals-area relationships; Insular; Island biogeography; Landscape.
Ano: 2002
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Beyond Roadkill, Radiotracking, Recapture and FST—a Review of Some Genetic Methods to Improve Understanding of the Influence of Roads on Wildlife Ecology and Society
Simmons, Jody M; Monash University; Australian Centre for Biodiversity; jodymichellesimmons@yahoo.com.au; Sunnucks, Paul; Monash University; Australian Centre for Biodiversity; paul.sunnucks@sci.monash.edu.au; Taylor, Andrea C; Monash University; Australian Centre for Biodiversity; andrea.taylor@sci.monash.edu.au; van der Ree, Rodney; Australian Research Centre for Urban Ecology, Royal Botanic Gardens Melbourne; rvdr@unimelb.edu.au.
Habitat fragmentation continues to occur despite increasing evidence of its adverse effects on ecosystems. One of the major detrimental effects of roads and traffic is the creation of barriers or filters to the movement of wildlife, ultimately disconnecting some populations. Our understanding of the extent to which roads reduce the movement of biota is mostly based on field-based observational methods of inferring animal movement, and to a much smaller extent, on allele frequency-based genetic analyses. Field-based methods, as it is typically feasible to apply them, tend to be informative at fine temporal and spatial scales. Allele frequency-based genetic methods are informative at broad geographic scales but at timescales usually greater than recent...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight Palavras-chave: Barrier; Dispersal; Gene flow; Genotypic analyses; Habitat fragmentation; Road ecology.
Ano: 2010
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Landscape Connectivity as a Function of Scale and Organism Vagility in a Real Forested Landscape Ecology and Society
D'Eon, Robert G; Self-employed; rdeon@interchange.ubc.ca; Glenn, Susan M; Department of Forest Sciences, University of British Columbia; SGlenn@gccnj.edu; Parfitt, Ian; Selkirk College; iparfitt@selkirk.ca.
Landscape connectivity is considered a vital element of landscape structure because of its importance to population survival. The difficulty surrounding the notion of landscape connectivity is that it must be assessed at the scale of the interaction between an organism and the landscape. We present a unique method for measuring connectivity between patches as a function of organism vagility. We used this approach to assess connectivity between harvest, old-growth, and recent wildfire patches in a real forested landscape in southeast British Columbia. By varying a distance criterion, habitat patches were considered connected and formed habitat clusters if they fell within this critical distance. The amount of area and distance to edge within clusters at...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports Palavras-chave: British Columbia; Dispersal; Forest fragmentation; Landscape connectivity; Marten; Northern flying squirrel; Northern goshawk; Scale; Vagility.
Ano: 2002
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Spatial clustering of twig-nesting ants corresponds with metacommunity assembly processes Ecología austral
Livingston,George; Jackson,Doug.
The metacommunity concept and associated models are poorly integrated with the field of landscape ecology. One way to promote synthesis is to identify situations in which specific metacommunity models correspond to specific and explicit spatial patterns in the distribution of communities across space. We explore this possible link using mapped communities of twig-nesting ants on coffee plants from a plantation in southern Mexico. Previous work has shown species sorting to predominate among common species and mass effects among rare species. We test whether differential patterns of spatial clustering among dominant and subdominant ant species correspond to a species sorting and mass effects model, respectively. We find significant clustering among...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/other Palavras-chave: Spatial pattern; Clustering; Dispersal; Twig-nesting ants; Tropical agroecosystem; Landscape.
Ano: 2014 URL: http://www.scielo.org.ar/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1667-782X2014000300010
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A molecular method for the detection of sally lightfoot crab larvae (Grapsus grapsus, Brachyura, Grapsidae) in plankton samples Genet. Mol. Biol.
Ströher,Patrícia R.; Firkowski,Carina R.; Freire,Andrea S.; Pie,Marcio R..
The decapod Grapsus grapsus is commonly found on oceanic islands of the Pacific and Atlantic coasts of the Americas. In this study, a simple, quick and reliable method for detecting its larvae in plankton samples is described, which makes it ideal for large-scale studies of larval dispersal patterns in the species.
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Dispersal; Aratu; Sayapa; Molecular marker.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1415-47572011000300026
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Estimating dispersal and gene flow in the neotropical freshwater turtle Hydromedusa maximiliani (Chelidae) by combining ecological and genetic methods Genet. Mol. Biol.
Souza,Franco L.; Cunha,Anderson F.; Oliveira,Marcos A.; Pereira,Gonçalo A.G.; Reis,Sérgio F. dos.
Hydromedusa maximiliani is a vulnerable neotropical freshwater turtle endemic to mountainous regions of the Atlantic rainforest in southeastern Brazil. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) was used to estimate the gene flow and dispersal for individuals inhabiting rivers and streams within a drainage. Nine primers generated 27 scoreable bands, of which 9 (33%) were polymorphic and produced 12 RAPD phenotypes. The gene flow estimates (Nm) among turtles inhabiting different rivers and streams were variable, ranging from 0.09 to 3.00 (mean: 0.60). For some loci, the rates of gene flow could offset population differentiation (Nm > 1), whereas for others random genetic drift could result in population divergence (Nm < 1). Since the genetic variation of...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Hydromedusa maximiliani; Dispersal; Gene flow; Conservation.
Ano: 2002 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1415-47572002000200007
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Macrocheles muscaedomesticae (Acari, Macrochelidae) and a species of Uroseius (Acari, Polyaspididae) phoretic on Musca domestica (Diptera, Muscidae): effects on dispersal and colonization of poultry manure Iheringia, Sér. Zool.
Rodrigueiro,Tatyana Sacchi Carmona; Prado,Angelo Pires do.
Differences in the phoresy of the mites Macrocheles muscaedomesticae (Scopoli, 1972) (Macrochelidae) and Uroseius sp. (Polyaspidae) on the house fly, Musca domestica (Linnaeus, 1758) and the similarities in their phoretic dispersal and parasitism are discussed, altogether with the effects on predator-prey interactions. The prevalence and intensity of phoresy in the mite species were significantly related to the attachment site on the hosts. The phoresy of Uroseius sp. was correlated with temperature but not with rainfall and relative humidity. Selective pressure in the environment resulted in displacement and the emergence of local and regional populations. These results suggest that in each habitat the populations will use different resources and will...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Dispersal; House flies; Mites; Phoresy; Poultry manure.
Ano: 2004 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0073-47212004000200011
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Zooplankton associated with phytotelms and treefrogs in a neotropical forest Iheringia, Sér. Zool.
Morais Júnior,Cláudio S. de; Diniz,Leidiane P.; Nascimento Filho,Silvano L. do; Brito,Maiara T. da Silva; Silva,Adilson de O.; Moura,Geraldo J. B. de; Melo Júnior,Mauro de.
ABSTRACT Assumptions about the distribution of zooplankton communities in various ecosystems are often limited by lack of data on dispersal mechanisms. Many studies on frog-mediated passive dispersal have been developed in bromeliads, but they usually focus on ostracods and annelids. We investigated the potential for external phoresy of zooplankton (rotifers, cladocerans, copepods) by treefrogs in bromeliad phytotelms. Our hypotheses are that (1) zooplankton composition on frogs’ skin and in phytotelm tanks is similar, and (2) frogs with larger body size carry more propagules of these invertebrates. We filtered phytotelm water (10 to 150 mL) using plankton net (45 µm), and fixed invertebrates with 4% formalin. Frogs were actively collected in and around...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Frog skin; Atlantic forest; Bromeliad; Dispersal; Epizoochory.
Ano: 2019 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0073-47212019000100220
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Plantas invasoras em pastagens cultivadas da Amazônia: estratégias de manejo e controle. Infoteca-e
DIAS FILHO, M. B..
bitstream/item/42216/1/Documetnos-52-CPATU-.pdf
Tipo: Documentos (INFOTECA-E) Palavras-chave: Planta invasora; Controle; Banco de semente; Queima; Roçagem; Brasil; Cultivated pasture; Weed; Management; Control; Seed bank; Dispersal; Herbicide.; Dispersão; Herbicida; Manejo; Pastagem Cultivada; Vismia Guianensis.; Mimosa pudica; Solanum crinitum; Amazonia; Lantana camara; Burning; Mowing..
Ano: 1990 URL: http://www.infoteca.cnptia.embrapa.br/infoteca/handle/doc/387699
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Large-scale genetic patchiness among NE Atlantic populations of the brittle star Ophiothrix fragilis ArchiMer
Muths, D.; Jollivet, D.; Gentil, F.; Davoult, D..
The brittle star Ophiothrix fragilis (Abilgaard, 1789) constitutes a heterogeneous morphological group that can be subdivided into 4 varieties. The species is also characterized by high demographic variability. The present study explores the possibility of genetic patchiness arising due to admixture of varieties or recruitment heterogeneity. We sequenced a portion of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (mtCOI) gene and genotyped 7 allozymes from 21 populations of the 2 most common varieties. While mtCOI analyses showed that all the varieties grouped together with virtually no divergence among them (< 1%), a clear divergence (18.6%) was evident between the northern Atlantic populations and individuals collected in the Mediterranean and along...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Echinoderm; Allozyme; MtCOI; Population dynamics; Ecotypes; Dispersal; Recruitment.
Ano: 2009 URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00301/41247/40439.pdf
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Dispersion larvaire et cycle de vie dans les environnements hydrothermaux profonds : le cas de Rimicaris exoculata et d'espèces proches ArchiMer
Hernandez Avila, Ivan.
Deep-water hydrothermal vent host high-biomass communities based on chemoautotrophy supported by the metabolic activity of free-living and symbiotic bacteria associated to invertebrates, especially megafauna. Knowledge on the mechanisms of dispersal and the life cycle of vent species is essential to our understanding of the vent communities in terms of distribution, structure and temporal variation. In this study, I present some advances regarding the dispersal and life cycle of a dominant species of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR) vent ecosystems, the alvinocaridid shrimp Rimicaris exoculata, and other related species. The methodological approaches applied include morphological descriptions of larvae, analysis of population biology and reproduction, and...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Sources hydrothermales profondes; Cycle de vie; Structure de population; Symbiose; Crevettes Alvinocarididae; Deep-water hydrothermal vents; Life cycle; Population structure; Reproduction; Dispersal; Symbiosis; Speciation.
Ano: 2016 URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00498/60927/64321.pdf
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High dispersal capacity of Culicoides obsoletus (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), vector of bluetongue and Schmallenberg viruses, revealed by landscape genetic analyses ArchiMer
Mignotte, Antoine; Garros, Claire; Dellicour, Simon; Jacquot, Maude; Gilbert, Marius; Gardès, Laetitia; Balenghien, Thomas; Duhayon, Maxime; Rakotoarivony, Ignace; De Wavrechin, Maïa; Huber, Karine.
Background In the last two decades, recurrent epizootics of bluetongue virus and Schmallenberg virus have been reported in the western Palearctic region. These viruses affect domestic cattle, sheep, goats and wild ruminants and are transmitted by native hematophagous midges of the genus Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Culicoides dispersal is known to be stratified, i.e. due to a combination of dispersal processes occurring actively at short distances and passively or semi-actively at long distances, allowing individuals to jump hundreds of kilometers. Methods Here, we aim to identify the environmental factors that promote or limit gene flow of Culicoides obsoletus, an abundant and widespread vector species in Europe, using an innovative framework...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Culicoides obsoletus; Landscape genetics; Microsatellite; Dispersal; Palearctic region.
Ano: 2021 URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00678/79022/81428.pdf
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STAMM : un modèle individu-centré de la dispersion active des tortues marines juvéniles. Applications aux cas des tortues luths du Pacifique Ouest et de l’Atlantique Nord-Ouest et aux tortues caouannes de l’ouest de l’océan Indien. ArchiMer
Lalire, Maxime.
Sea turtles are increasingly threatened by the direct and indirect effects of human activities. Their life cycle is complex, shared between various, and often very distant, habitats. Their conservation therefore requires identifying the habitats occupied at each stage of life and the migration routes between these different habitats. While the spatial ecology of adult turtles is relatively well known, particularly through satellite monitoring, the situation is not the same for juveniles which pelagic development phase remains largely unobserved. In that context, numerical simulation constitutes an appropriate tool to explore the dispersal of juvenile sea turtles from their natal beaches. Until now, simulations were mostly performed under the assumption...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Courants marins; Dispersion; Ecologie spatiale; Modélisation lagrangienne; Modèles de mouvement; Modèles d'habitat; Simulations numériques; Tortues marines juvéniles; Tortue luth; Tortue caouanne; Oceanic currents; Dispersal; Spatial ecology; Lagrangian modelling; Movement modelling; Habitat modelling; Numerical simulations; Juvenile sea turtles; Leatherback turtle; Loggerhead turtle..
Ano: 2017 URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00497/60912/64263.pdf
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