|
|
|
| Registros recuperados: 585 | |
|
|
| Bernd Kastenholz; Basil Horst; Jürgen Horst. |
| Commercially available medicinal plant extracts such as Ginkgo biloba leaf extract show no consistent pattern of clinical benefit for people with dementia or cognitive impairment, and have been suggested to be toxic to cells at higher doses. However, medicinal plants may contain other more efficient bioactive molecules apart from the well-known flavonoids and terpenoids. Therapeutic recombinant proteins, plant-made copper chaperone for superoxide dismutase (CCS) derived from Ginkgo biloba leaves, may establish and maintain physiologic Cu levels through restoration and modulation of biometal metabolism in organ systems of younger Alzheimer patients (> 50 years). Medications developed from plant-made copper chaperone proteins may delay progression... |
| Tipo: Manuscript |
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience; Pharmacology. |
| Ano: 2011 |
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5907/version/6 |
| |
|
|
| Ajit Vikram; Gopabandhu Jena. |
| Genetic ablation studies confirmed the role of central insulin-receptor signaling (CIRS) in fuel metabolism. However, the need to examine the role of CIRS in glucose homeostasis under normal physiological condition is indispensable, as insulin affects the neuronal growth, differentiation and synaptic plasticity. Intracerebral administration of S961 induced hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance in normal rats, and provided direct evidence for the involvement of CIRS in the regulation of glucose homeostasis. |
| Tipo: Manuscript |
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience; Pharmacology. |
| Ano: 2011 |
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5701/version/1 |
| |
|
|
| Allen Institute for Brain Science; Nicholas A. Kostakis; Lydia L. Ng; Angela L. Guillozet-Bongaarts. |
| This report contains a summary of expression patterns for genes that are enriched in the motor nucleus of the trigeminal nerve (V) of the pons. All data is derived from the Allen Brain Atlas (ABA) in situ hybridization mouse project. The structure's location and morphological characteristics in the mouse brain are described using the Nissl data found in the Allen Reference Atlas. Using an established algorithm, the expression values of the motor nucleus of the trigeminal nerve were compared to the values of its larger parent structure, in this case the pons, for the purpose of extracting regionally selective gene expression data. The highest ranking genes were manually curated and verified. 50 genes were then selected and compiled for expression... |
| Tipo: Manuscript |
Palavras-chave: Genetics & Genomics; Neuroscience. |
| Ano: 2008 |
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2202/version/1 |
| |
|
|
| Jorge Serrador; F. Owen Black; Todd Schlegel; Scott Wood. |
| Humans demonstrate a number of unique adaptations that allow the maintenance of blood pressure and brain blood flow after transition to the upright position. While these adaptations maintain heart-level mean arterial pressure similar to supine values, the brain remains ~30 cm above the heart, resulting in a ~25% decrease in perfusion pressure. To maintain brain blood flow, the cerebral vessels must dilate in response to this change in position. While several physiological systems are involved in adaptation to the upright posture, including cerebral autoregulation, the unique role that the vestibular system plays in helping to maintain brain blood flow is just beginning to be elucidated. Since the vestibular system not only assists in balance control and... |
| Tipo: Manuscript |
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience. |
| Ano: 2008 |
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2413/version/1 |
| |
|
|
| John R. Skoyles. |
| 1.	After weaning, human hunter-gatherer juveniles receive substantial (≈3.5-7 MJ day^-1^), extended (≈15 years) and reliable (kin and nonkin food pooling) energy provision.
2.	The childhood (pediatric) and the adult human brain takes a very high share of both basal metabolic rate (BMR) (child: 50-70%; adult: ≈20%) and total energy expenditure (TEE) (child: 30-50%; adult: ≈10%).
3.	The pediatric brain for an extended period (≈4-9 years-of-age) consumes roughly 50% more energy than the adult one, and after this, continues during adolescence, at a high but declining rate. Within the brain, childhood cerebral gray matter has an even higher 1.9 to... |
| Tipo: Manuscript |
Palavras-chave: Developmental Biology; Neuroscience; Evolutionary Biology. |
| Ano: 2008 |
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1856/version/2 |
| |
|
|
| Gustavo Rohenkohl; Anna Dal Molin; Anna C. Nobre. |
| Time is an essential dimension of our experience, framing human behaviour at scales ranging from the millisecond organization of motor actions to circadian rhythms cycle, and beyond. Nevertheless, the mechanisms by which the brain keeps time and uses temporal information to organise behaviour remain unknown. Whereas the principles of the organisation of spatial cognition in the human brain are emerging, the same is not true for temporal cognition. The current study tested the influence of temporal expectations on attentional orienting to moving targets. In this task, a ball appeared at the left side of a screen and moved across the screen in steps following either a regular or irregular rhythm. After reaching an occluding band, the ball was temporarily... |
| Tipo: Poster |
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience. |
| Ano: 2009 |
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2956/version/1 |
| |
|
| |
|
|
| Bidhan C. Bandyopadhyay; Lina Chakrabarti; Mrinal K. Poddar. |
| Amounts of dietary protein as well as the duration of its supplementation are critical
factors that correlate with the hypothalamic GABAergic activity and immune function
during aging. Here we evaluate the effect of low (5%) and high (40%) protein diet on the
functional state of hypothalamic GABA receptor in the aging brain in albino rats. Longterm
(LT; for 30 consecutive days) supplementation of low protein diet (LDP) retarded
the age-associated (3 to 18 months) (a) loss of both low and high affinity hypothalamic
GABA receptor sensitivity and (b) increase of high affinity GABA receptor density.
Short-term (ST; for 7 consecutive days)... |
| Tipo: Manuscript |
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience; Pharmacology. |
| Ano: 2008 |
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2284/version/1 |
| |
|
|
| Josh Merel; Gasper Tkacik; Adam Gifford; Jason Prentice; Vijay Balasubramanian. |
| Summary: Recent electrophysiology recordings in macaque V4/IT suggest that single neuron response to synthetic closed contours can be largely captured by models which only consider a small number of contour fragments (Brincat and Connor 2004). Motivated by this experimental work, we sought firstly to characterize the statistics of contour fragments in natural scenes, and secondly to generate synthetic images which reflect the measured contour-fragment statistics.

To detect contour fragments, we defined a set of feature detectors which respond only in the presence of two edges co-occurring at a fixed relative angle – implemented as a logical ‘AND’ of two Gabor-like, laplacian-of-gaussian... |
| Tipo: Poster |
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience. |
| Ano: 2011 |
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6366/version/1 |
| |
|
|
| Lung-Hao Tai; Anthony M. Zador. |
| How does attention modulate sensory representations? In order to probe the underlying neural mechanisms, we established a simple rodent model of modality-specific attention. Here we describe results of experiments in freely moving rats in which we have used tetrodes to record neural responses in primary auditory cortex (area A1) while subjects performed this behavior.

Subjects were first trained to perform distinct auditory and olfactory two alternative forced-choice (2AFC) tasks. Training and testing were conducted in a custom three-poke computer-controlled behavioral apparatus. Subjects initiated trials with a center-poke, which triggered presentation of a tone (either 5 or 15 Hz), an odor (either R(-)-2-Octanol or... |
| Tipo: Poster |
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience. |
| Ano: 2008 |
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2354/version/1 |
| |
|
|
| Allen Institute for Brain Science; Emily M. Wright; Lydia L. Ng; Angela L. Guillozet-Bongaarts. |
| This report contains a summary of expression patterns for genes that are enriched in the Purkinje cell layer (CBXpu) of the cerebellum. All data is derived from the Allen Brain Atlas (ABA) in situ hybridization mouse project. The structure's location and morphological characteristics in the mouse brain are described using the Nissl data found in the Allen Reference Atlas. Using an established algorithm, the expression values of the CBXpu were compared to the values of its larger parent structure, in this case the cerebellar cortex, for the purpose of extracting regionally selective gene expression data. The highest ranking genes were manually curated and verified. 50 genes were then selected and compiled for expression analysis. The experimental... |
| Tipo: Manuscript |
Palavras-chave: Genetics & Genomics; Neuroscience. |
| Ano: 2008 |
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2200/version/1 |
| |
|
|
| Daniel Casasanto. |
| If understanding action words involves mentally simulating our own actions, then the neurocognitive representation of word meanings must differ for people with different kinds of bodies, who perform actions in systematically different ways. In a test of the _Body-Specificity Hypothesis_, right- and left-handers were compared on two motor-meaning congruity tasks. Double dissociations in both action execution and recognition memory results showed that right and left handers form body-specific representations of words for manual actions. |
| Tipo: Manuscript |
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience. |
| Ano: 2007 |
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1321/version/1 |
| |
|
|
| Ian C. Gould; Mark G. Stokes; Kathryn Atherton; Anna C. Nobre. |
| The control mechanisms that guide selective attention are typically examined in response to explicit attentional cues. In everyday life, however, the focus of attention is more typically guided according to past experiences than direct instruction. We therefore developed a novel behavioural paradigm to examine the neural substrate of memory-guided attentional orienting. Participants first learn the location of target stimuli hidden within naturalistic scenes. After the target locations have been learned, participants then perform an attention-orienting task. Each experimental trial begins with a cue stimulus, consisting of the memory scene presented without the target stimulus. A test scene is then presented, with a 50% probability of a target stimulus... |
| Tipo: Poster |
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience. |
| Ano: 2009 |
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2955/version/1 |
| |
|
|
| Sakyasingha Dasgupta; J. Michael Herrmann. |
| Critical behavior in neural networks characterized by scale-free event distributions and brought about by self-regulatory mechanisms such as short-term synaptic dynamics or homeostatic plasticity, is believed to optimize sensitivity to input and information transfer in the system. Although theoretical predictions of the spike distributions have been confirmed by in-vitro experiments, in-vivo data yield a more complex picture which might be due to the in-homogeneity of the network structure, leakage in currents or massive driving inputs which has so far not been comprehensively covered by analytical or numerical studies.

We address these questions by the study of a neural model of memory that allows for storage and... |
| Tipo: Poster |
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience. |
| Ano: 2011 |
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5829/version/1 |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
| Tracy Alloway; Ross Alloway. |
| Multiple demands comprise the efficiency of attentional control. There is abundant evidence that when an individual attempts two or more attentionally demanding activities at the same time, the allocation of attention to the tasks is limited and performance suffers as a result. Yet, recent technological innovations require many individuals to manage multiple digital technologies simultaneously or to switch attentional control between tasks. The ability to multitask with various digital technologies involves dividing attention, switching between tasks, and keeping track of multiple strands of information in working memory. |
| Tipo: Manuscript |
Palavras-chave: Developmental Biology; Neuroscience. |
| Ano: 2011 |
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5603/version/1 |
| |
|
|
| Allen Ardestani; Felix Darvas; Jens Steinbrink; Arthur Toga; Joaquin M. Fuster. |
| The role of prefrontal cortex in working memory (WM) is well established. However, questions remain regarding the topography and “domain-specific differentiation” of different types of information processing in the cortex. While it has been theorized that dorsolateral (DPFC) and ventrolateral (VPFC) prefrontal cortex preferentially process spatial and object WM, respectively, both electrophysiological evidence in the monkey and neuroimaging in the human have largely failed to demonstrate such regional differentiation. In this study we use near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to detect functional changes, across relatively large cortical cell populations, simultaneously from prefrontal and posterior parietal cortices. Imaging data... |
| Tipo: Poster |
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience. |
| Ano: 2008 |
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1673/version/1 |
| |
|
|
| UnCheol Lee; Seunghwan Kim; Gyu-Jeong Noh; Byung-Moon Choi; George A. Mashour. |
| The cognitive unbinding paradigm suggests that the synthesis of cognitive information is attenuated by general anesthesia. Here, we investigated the functional organization of brain activities in the conscious and anesthetized states, based on characteristic functional segregation and integration of electroencephalography (EEG). EEG recordings were obtained from 14 subjects undergoing induction of general anesthesia with propofol. We quantified changes in mean information integration capacity in each band of the EEG. After induction with propofol, mean information integration capacity was reduced most prominently in the gamma band of the EEG (p=0.0001). Furthermore, we demonstrate that loss of consciousness is reflected by the breakdown of the... |
| Tipo: Manuscript |
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience. |
| Ano: 2008 |
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1244/version/2 |
| |
| Registros recuperados: 585 | |
|
|
|
