|
|
|
|
|
| Ahmad, Ehtisham. |
| Should tax reforms be guided by rules of thumb suggested by the IMF, or directions or reform based on analytical approaches, such as optimal tax theory? In many cases, the applications of the directions of reform—which suggest a differentiation of the structure given distributional, incentive and revenue concerns, can be brought close to the IMF prescriptions by a judicious balancing of tax instruments—such as a single or dual rate VAT together with systems of excises. But in some cases, such as Pakistan, neither prescription has yielded either the revenues anticipated, nor the necessary salutary effect on incentives for production—despite repeated attempts during successive IMF programs over 20 years. The proposition in this paper is that the collusion... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Financial Economics; Political Economy. |
| Ano: 2010 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/95948 |
| |
|
|
| Ahmad, Ehtisham. |
| The 1994 reforms in China were remarkably successful in stabilizing the economy and raising revenues for the benefit of sustainable growth and permitting the central government to redistribute resources to poorer regions through an equalization framework. However, the rise of informal local borrowing in the absence of effective own-source revenues raises possible risks and imbalances in the future. There is thus a need to reconsider the fundamentals of intergovernmental fiscal relations, building on the basis laid in the 1994 reforms. |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Financial Economics; H2; H5; H6; H7. |
| Ano: 2011 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/115922 |
| |
|
|
|
