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| Registros recuperados: 85 | |
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| Alston, Julian M.; Chalfant, James A.. |
| The nonparametric approach to consumer-demand analysis-based on revealed-preference axioms-is reviewed. Particular attention is paid to questions of size and power of tests for consistency of data with the existence of a stable, well-behaved utility function that could have generated the data. An application to Australian meat demand is used to show how these notions can be quantified and how prior information about elasticities, following Sakong and Hayes, may be used to increase the power of the approach. |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
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| Ano: 1992 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28992 |
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| Alston, Julian M.; Quilkey, John J.. |
| Where the production of milk for sale on the fresh milk market at 'controlled' prices is subject to nontransferable quotas the holders of quota who wish to maximise profits have a motive to maintain production above the quota level to insure against variations in demand for over-quota sales and yield. The concept of 'production of milk as insurance' is used to clarify the way in which such behaviour gives rise to social costs which could be avoided in a competitive market, by a permissive attitude to arbitrage, or where quotas can be traded. |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Demand and Price Analysis; Livestock Production/Industries. |
| Ano: 1980 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/22914 |
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| Pardey, Philip G.; Alston, Julian M.; Chan-Kang, Connie; Magalhaes, Eduardo Castelo; Vosti, Stephen A.. |
| In general, reported rates of return to agricultural R&D are high, but questions have been raised about upward biases in the evidence. Among the reasons for this bias, insufficient attention to attribution aspects-matching of research benefits and costs-is a pervasive problem, the magnitude of which is illustrated here with new evidence for Brazil. Over the period 1981 to 2003, varietal improvements in upland rice, edible beans, and soybeans yielded benefits attributable to research of $14.8 billion in present value (1999 prices) terms; 6.1 percent of the corresponding value of crop output. If all of those benefits were attributed to Embrapa, a public research corporation accounting for more than half Brazil's agricultural R&D spending, the... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Brazil; Agricultural R&D; Attribution; Soybeans; Rice; Beans; Benefit-cost ratios; Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies. |
| Ano: 2002 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16103 |
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| Alston, Julian M.; Carter, Colin A.; Wohlgenant, Michael K.. |
| Political-economic analyses of the causes and consequences of agricultural commodity policies typically emphasize farmer and consumer (taxpayer) interests and underplay the role of agribusiness. A more complete understanding of agricultural policy requires paying attention to the important role of agribusiness interests. Policies that benefit farmers (e.g., price supports, supply controls, deficiency payments) may either enhance or reduce agribusiness profits. The type of policy instrument preferred by agribusiness varies among commodities, depending on the technology of the marketing processes beyond the farm gate and the elasticity of final demand. This paper emphasizes the idea that instruments of farm policy are chosen in response to pressures from... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Farm programs; Farm policy; Agribusiness; Political economy; Agricultural and Food Policy. |
| Ano: 1989 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51252 |
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| Alston, Julian M.; Freebairn, John W.; James, Jennifer S.. |
| Commodity levies are used increasingly to fund producer collective goods such as research and promotion. In the present paper we examine theoretical relationships between producer and national benefits from levy‐funded research, and consider the implications for the appropriate rates of matching government grants, applied with a view to achieving a closer match between producer and national interests. In many cases the producer and national optima coincide. First, regardless of the form of the supply shift, when product demand is perfectly elastic, or all the product is exported, domestic benefits and costs of levy‐funded research all go to producers and they have appropriate incentives. Second, if research causes a parallel supply shift, the producer... |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies. |
| Ano: 2004 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/117861 |
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| Alston, Julian M.. |
| Hen quotas were virtually freely transferable within Victoria when they were first introduced in 1975. The 1980's have witnessed a series of changes to regulations over quota transfers. Initially these changes were components of a plan to phase out quotas but that is no longer on the policy agenda. Quotas remain but without the advantages of free transferability. It is well established that restrictions on quota transfers in general lead to production inefficiencies. Another undesirable side-effect is that the value of quota and magnitude of quota rent are more difficult to measure when quota transfers are restricted, adding to the difficulties of assessing the effects of the regulations. In the Victorian egg industry these general problems are confounded... |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy. |
| Ano: 1986 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12419 |
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| Andersen, Matthew A.; Alston, Julian M.; Pardey, Philip G.. |
| Measures of productivity growth are often pro-cyclical. This study focuses on measurement errors in capital inputs, associated with unobserved variations in capital utilization rates, as an explanation for the existence of pro-cyclical patterns in measures of agricultural productivity. Recently constructed national and state-specific indexes of inputs, outputs, and productivity in U.S. agriculture for 1949-2002 are used to estimate production functions in growth rate form that include proxy variables for changes in the utilization of durable inputs. The proxy variables include an index of farmers’ terms of trade and an index of local seasonal growing conditions. We find that utilization responses by farmers are significant and bias measures of productivity... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Productivity Analysis. |
| Ano: 2007 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7314 |
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| Alston, Julian M.; Freebairn, John W.. |
| Most previous studies of home consumption pricing and producer price equalisation schemes have concentrated on static economic surplus effects under an assumption of a perfectly elastic export demand. This paper compares the effects of different types of producer price equalisation schemes with free trade in the wheat, milk and egg industries allowing for a downward sloping export demand. Average values and variances of prices, quantities, revenues, and economic surplus measures are estimated for each policy in a simulation model allowing a range of values for elasticities of supply and demand, market shares, and variability of supply and export demand. The stabilisation effects of equalisation schemes are evaluated using these estimates. |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Consumer/Household Economics. |
| Ano: 1988 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12270 |
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| Okrent, Abigail M.; Alston, Julian M.. |
| Food away from home (FAFH) is an important component of the demand for food and hence, the nutritional intake of adults and children in the United States. Hence, policies designed to influence nutritional outcomes should address the role of FAFH. However, most studies of the response of demand for food to policy changes have ignored the role of FAFH, which means the estimates must be biased, while those studies that have included FAFH have treated it as a single good, giving rise to potential aggregation biases. In this study we estimate a demand system including a FAFH and alcoholic beverages composite (i.e., the aggregate of the three products modeled in the second stage), along with nine food at home (FAH) products (cereals and bakery products, dairy,... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Food Demand; Food Away From Home (FAFH); Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; D12; Q11. |
| Ano: 2011 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103625 |
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| Registros recuperados: 85 | |
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