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High prevalence of Schistosoma haematobium x Schistosoma bovis hybrids in schoolchildren in Cote d'Ivoire ArchiMer
Angora, Etienne K.; Allienne, Jean-francois; Rey, Olivier; Menan, Herve; Toure, Andre O.; Coulibaly, Jean T.; Raso, Giovanna; Yavo, William; N'Goran, Eliezer K.; Utzinger, Jurg; Balmer, Oliver; Boissier, Jerome.
Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease, though it is highly prevalent in many parts of sub-Saharan Africa. While Schistosoma haematobium-bovis hybrids have been reported in West Africa, no data about Schistosoma hybrids in humans are available from Cote d'Ivoire. This study aimed to identify and quantify S. haematobium-bovis hybrids among schoolchildren in four localities of Cote d'Ivoire. Urine samples were collected and examined by filtration to detect Schistosoma eggs. Eggs were hatched and 503 miracidia were individually collected and stored on Whatman(R) FTA cards for molecular analysis. Individual miracidia were molecularly characterized by analysis of mitochondrial cox1 and nuclear internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS 2) DNA regions. A...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Cote d'Ivoire; Hybrids; Molecular analysis; Schistosoma bovis; Schistosoma haematobium.
Ano: 2020 URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00624/73604/73060.pdf
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Prevalence and Risk Factors for Schistosomiasis among Schoolchildren in two Settings of Côte d’Ivoire ArchiMer
Angora, Etienne K.; Boissier, Jérôme; Menan, Hervé; Rey, Olivier; Tuo, Karim; Touré, Andre O.; Coulibaly, Jean T.; Méité, Aboulaye; Raso, Giovanna; N’goran, Eliézer K.; Utzinger, Jürg; Balmer, Oliver.
Schistosomiasis is a parasitic disease affecting more than 250 million people, primarily in sub-Saharan Africa. In Côte d’Ivoire both Schistosoma haematobium (causing urogenital schistosomiasis) and Schistosoma mansoni (causing intestinal schistosomiasis) co-exist. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of S. haematobium and S. mansoni and to identify risk factors among schoolchildren in the western and southern parts of Côte d’Ivoire. From January to April 2018, a cross-sectional study was carried out including 1187 schoolchildren aged 5–14 years. Urine samples were examined by a filtration method to identify and count S. haematobium eggs, while stool samples were subjected to duplicate Kato-Katz thick smears to quantify eggs of S. mansoni and...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Côte d’Ivoire; Prevalence; Risk factors; Schistosoma haematobium; Schistosoma mansoni; Schistosomiasis.
Ano: 2019 URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00508/61953/66043.pdf
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Mit Vielfalt punkten: Bauern beleben die Natur Organic Eprints
Birrer, Simon; Jenny, Markus; Pfiffner, Lukas; Balmer, Oliver.
Das Projekt „Mit Vielfalt punkten - Bauern beleben die Natur“ wurde 2008 erfolgreich gestartet. Das Projekt verfolgt zwei Hauptziele: Zum einen wird ein Punktesystem validiert, mit dem die Leistungen von Landwirtschaftbetrieben für die Biodiversität effizient und zuverlässig bewertet werden kann. Zum anderen möchte das Projekt aufzeigen, dass mit einer sehr spezifischen gesamtbetrieblichen Beratung diese Naturschutzleistungen signifikant erhöht werden können. Den Schwerpunkt der Arbeiten im Jahr 2008 bildeten die detaillierte Erarbeitung der anzuwendenden Methoden sowie die Erhebung der ersten Betriebe. Auf zwölf Betrieben des Mittellandes (20-47 ha gross, mit 4.4-27.1 Punkten im Punktesystem) wurden sämtliche Schritte des Projektes durchgeführt, d.h....
Tipo: Report Palavras-chave: Biodiversity and ecosystem services.
Ano: 2008 URL: http://orgprints.org/20202/2/MVP_Kurzbericht_20081124.pdf
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Effects of extra floral and floral nectar of Centaurea cyanus on the parasitoid wasp Microplitis mediator: Olfactory attractiveness and parasitization rates Organic Eprints
Géneau, Céline E.; Wäckers, Felix L.; Luka, Henryk; Balmer, Oliver.
Nectar is an important food source for adult parasitoids and can increase their longevity and fecundity and hence their parasitization rate. Both floral and extrafloral nectar are used as food sources by parasitoids. While floralnectar exploitation by parasitoids has been extensive lystudied, little is known on how parasitoid slocate extrafloral nectar,nor whether the availability ofextrafloral nectar increases parasitization of pests in the field. We conducted aY-tube olfactomete rexperiment to determine if the parasitoid Microplitis mediator utilizes olfactory cues tolocate the extrafloral nectar of Centaurea cyanus. Inaddition, weperformed asemi-fieldexperiment to investigate whether M.mediator are differentially attracted by C.cyanus offering...
Tipo: Journal paper Palavras-chave: Biodiversity and ecosystem services Crop health; Quality; Protection.
Ano: 2013 URL: http://orgprints.org/25009/1/Geneau-etal-2013-BiologyControl-66-p16-20.pdf
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Organic Agriculture and Biodiversity Organic Eprints
Pfiffner, Lukas; Balmer, Oliver.
Organic farming produces clear benefits for biodiversity in comparison to conventional farming. Depending on altitude, organic farms have between 46 and 72 percent more semi-natural habitats and host 30 percent more species and 50 percent more individuals than non-organic farms. The lower farming intensities and higher proportion of semi-natural areas enable site-typical plant and animal species to survive on organic farms and allow farmers to benefit from an intact and therefore sustainably functioning ecosystem.
Tipo: Report Palavras-chave: Biodiversity and ecosystem services.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://orgprints.org/20247/1/1548-biodiversity.pdf
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Blühstreifen für Nützlinge Organic Eprints
Balmer, Oliver; Luka, Henryk; Pfiffner, Lukas.
Nützlingsblühstreifen sollen natürliche Feinde von Schädlingen fördern und anlocken. Dies erfordert zwar einigen Aufwand, stärkt jedoch die natürliche Schädlingsregulation, wie Untersuchungen aus der Schweiz am Beispiel Kohl zeigen.
Tipo: Newspaper or magazine article Palavras-chave: Vegetables Biodiversity and ecosystem services Crop health; Quality; Protection.
Ano: 2012 URL: http://orgprints.org/36395/1/balmer-etal-2012-Artikel_Bioaustria_2_2012_S44.pdf
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The credit point system: an innovative approach to enhance biodiversity on farmland Organic Eprints
Jenny, Markus; Zellweger-Fischer, Judith; Balmer, Oliver; Birrer, Simon; Pfiffner, Lukas.
We developed a credit point system to assess “wildlife-friendliness” at the farm scale. Farmers can choose and gain points from 32 habitat management options, most of which account for quantity, quality and spatial distribution of ecological compensation areas (options of the Swiss agri-environment scheme). Additionally, points can be scored by specific arable and grassland measures. Farmers are free to decide which measures to implement. We evaluated the credit point system on 133 farms (2009–2011) in the Swiss Lowland Plateau. Occurrence and density of plants, grasshoppers, butterflies and farmland birds were recorded on these farms as biodiversity indicators. The scored points were positively correlated with the majority of biodiversity indicators....
Tipo: Journal paper Palavras-chave: Biodiversity and ecosystem services.
Ano: 2013 URL: http://orgprints.org/24870/1/Jenny-etal-2013-AspAppBio-118-p23-30.pdf
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Wildflower companion plants increase pest parasitation and yield in cabbage fields: Experimental demonstration and call for caution Organic Eprints
Balmer, Oliver; Géneau, Céline E.; Belz, Elodie; Weishaupt, Bettina; Förderer, Gerda; Moos, Sebastian; Ditner, Nadine; Juric, Ivan; Luka, Henryk.
Monocultures typical of intensive agriculture offer ideal conditions to specialized herbivores while depriving their natural enemies of habitat and nutritional resources. The resulting release of herbivores from both bottom-up and top-down control causes pest outbreaks in economically important crops. Boosting locally occurring natural enemy populations through species-specific habitat management to restore natural herbivore control has been much advocated but remains rarely tested in the field. Here, we investigated whether adding specifically selected flowering plants to monocultures increases parasitation rates of herbivores and crop yield. We performed replicated field experiments in 2 years and found that adding cornflowers (Centaurea cyanus) into...
Tipo: Journal paper Palavras-chave: Vegetables Biodiversity and ecosystem services Crop health; Quality; Protection.
Ano: 2014 URL: http://orgprints.org/36391/1/Balmer_etal_2014_BiolControl_Vol76_p19-27.pdf
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Mit Vielfalt punkten - Bauern beleben die Natur(=Vortrag im Rahmen der Organised Session Ansätze zur Biodiversitätsförderung in der Landwirtschaft) Organic Eprints
Balmer, Oliver; Birrer, Simon; Pfiffner, Lukas; Jenny, Markus.
A new initiative to enhance biodiversity on agricultural lands in Switzerland is presented. The initiative by the Research Institute of Organic Farming in Frick and the Swiss Ornithological Institute Sempach has two main goals: to develop and evaluate a new point system to assess the contribution of individual farms to biodiversity and to optimize the farm’s contribution to biodiversity by giving them consulting tailored to the farm’s specific settings.
Tipo: Conference paper, poster, etc. Palavras-chave: Biodiversity and ecosystem services.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://orgprints.org/14575/1/Balmer_14575.pdf
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Biolandbau und Biodiversität Organic Eprints
Pfiffner, Lukas; Balmer, Oliver.
Der biologische Landbau steht für Vielfalt. Dass dem so ist, zeigen viele wissenschaftliche Studien. Biobauern erbringen im Vergleich zu ihren konventionellen Kollegen deutliche Mehrleistungen zugunsten der Biodiversität. Biobetriebe haben je nach Höhenlage zwischen 46 und 72 Prozent mehr naturnahe Flächen und beherbergen 30 Prozent mehr Arten sowie 50 Prozent mehr Individuen als nicht-biologisch bewirtschaftete Betriebe. Die geringere Anbauintensität und der höhere Anteil an naturnahen Flächen führen dazu, dass viele seltene und gefährdete Pflanzen- und Tierarten auf Biobetrieben vorkommen.
Tipo: Book Palavras-chave: Biodiversity and ecosystem services.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://orgprints.org/17817/1/pfiffner-balmer-2009-fibl.pdf
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Mit Vielfalt punkten Jahresbericht 2009 Organic Eprints
Birrer, Simon; Balmer, Oliver; Chevillat, Véronique; Fischer, Judith; Graf, Roman; Jenny, Markus; Pfiffner, Lukas; Rudmann, Christine.
Das erste Projektjahr „Mit Vielfalt punkten“ lief vielversprechend. Auf 48 Betrieben wurden die Biodiversität und sozio-ökonomische Werte erhoben. Die Hälfte aller Betriebsleiter erhielten eine gesamtbetriebliche Beratung, die andere Hälfte sind unsere Vergleichsbetriebe. Alle Methoden haben sich bewährt und führten zu keinen grösseren Problemen. Wie erwartet, fanden wir auf den 48 Betrieben zwar eine grosse Artenzahl, doch waren gefährdete und besondere Arten selten. Wir erwarten, dass diese Arten dank den Aufwertungen in den nächsten Jahren zunehmen werden. Die im Projekt entwickelten Werkzeuge Punktesystem und Leitartenkarten konnten fertiggestellt werden und finden bei den Anwendern guten Anklang.
Tipo: Report Palavras-chave: "Organics" in general; Biodiversity and ecosystem services.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://orgprints.org/20204/1/MVP_Jahresbericht_2009.pdf
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L’agricultura ecològica fomenta la biodiversitat Organic Eprints
Pfiffner, Lukas; Balmer, Oliver.
L’agricultura ecològica ofereix clars avantatges en relació a la biodiversitat en comparació amb l’agricultura convencional. Una agricultura menys intensiva i una proporció més alta d’àrees naturals i seminaturals faciliten la supervivència de plantes i animals autòctons en les finques ecològiques i permeten els agricultors de beneficiarse d’un ecosistema més divers, que funciona de forma més sostenible.
Tipo: Report Palavras-chave: Biodiversity and ecosystem services.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://orgprints.org/25249/1/1616-agricultura-ecologica-i-biodiversitat.pdf
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Mit Vielfalt punkten Jahresbericht 2010 Organic Eprints
Birrer, Simon; Balmer, Oliver; Chevillat, Véronique; Graf, Roman; Hagist, Dominik; Jahrl, Ingrid; Rudmann, Christine; Jenny, Markus; Pfiffner, Lukas.
Im zweiten Projektjahr „Mit Vielfalt punkten“ wurden wiederum auf 48 Betrieben Indikatoren für die Biodiversität in der Kulturlandschaft erhoben. Bei der Auswahl der Betriebe wurde 2010 vor allem darauf geachtet, dass die Bandbreite der Betriebe bezüglich Punktezahl vergrössert wurde. So wurden speziell Betriebe mit geringer oder sehr hoher Punktezahl ausgesucht. Die Feldaufnahmen erfolgten wiederum ohne wesentliche Probleme. Erste Auswertungen von den Aufnahmen 2009 und 2010 sind im Gang und werden demnächst zu Publikationen führen.
Tipo: Report Palavras-chave: "Organics" in general; Biodiversity and ecosystem services.
Ano: 2010 URL: http://orgprints.org/20203/1/MVP_Jahresbericht_2010.pdf
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Ekologické zemědělství a biodiverzita Organic Eprints
Pfiffner, Lukas; Balmer, Oliver.
Ekologické zemědělství prokazatelně zvyšuje biodiverzitu ve srovnání s konvenčním zemědělstvím. Ekologicky hospodařící podniky mají v závislosti na nadmořské výšce o 46 až 72 procent více přírodních a polopřírodních stanovišť a žije v nich o 30 procent více druhů a o 50 procent více jedinců než v podnicích nehospodařících ekologicky. Menší produkční intenzita a vyšší podíl přírodních stanovišť vedou k tomu, že se v ekologických podnicích dosud vyskytuje mnoho stanovištně typických rostlinných a živočišných druhů a zemědělci mohou profi tovat z nedotčeného a tím udržitelně fungujícího ekosystému.
Tipo: Book Palavras-chave: Biodiversity and ecosystem services.
Ano: 2010 URL: http://orgprints.org/25243/1/1590-biodiverzita.pdf
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Effects of experimentally planting non-crop flowers into cabbage fields on the abundance and diversity of predators Organic Eprints
Ditner, Nadine; Balmer, Oliver; Beck, Jan; Blick, Theo; Nagel, Peter; Luka, Henryk.
Flowery field margins and intersowing of crops with flowers are used as management practices to promote arthropod biodiversity as well as biocontrol agents. Positive effects of enhancement (in abundance and species richness) of hymenopteran parasitoids on control of Lepidoptera pests have previously been demonstrated. However, effects on predatory arthropods, which may also serve as pest control agents, remain unclear. In an experimental study in cabbage fields we tested how sown flower strips on field margins and intersowing with cornflower affected the species richness, abundance and community composition of ground beetles and spiders. Furthermore, we investigated whether effects of flower margins are dependent on the distance from the field margins. We...
Tipo: Journal paper Palavras-chave: Biodiversity and ecosystem services.
Ano: 2013 URL: http://orgprints.org/25008/1/Ditner-etal-2013-BiodiversConvers-22-p1049-1061.pdf
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Noncrop flowering plants restore top-down herbivore control in agricultural fields Organic Eprints
Balmer, Oliver; Pfiffner, Lukas; Schied, Johannes; Willareth, Martin; Leimgruber, Andrea; Luka, Henryk; Traugott, Michael.
Herbivore populations are regulated by bottom-up control through food availability and quality and by top-down control through natural enemies. Intensive agricultural monocultures provide abundant food to specialized herbivores and at the same time negatively impact natural enemies because monocultures are depauperate in carbohydrate food sources required by many natural enemies. As a consequence, herbivores are released from both types of control. Diversifying intensive cropping systems with flowering plants that provide nutritional resources to natural enemies may enhance top-down control and contribute to natural herbivore regulation. We analyzed how noncrop flowering plants planted as “companion plants” inside cabbage (Brassica oleracea) fields and as...
Tipo: Journal paper Palavras-chave: Crop husbandry; Biodiversity and ecosystem services.
Ano: 2013 URL: http://orgprints.org/25002/1/Balmer-etal-2013-Ecology-Evolution-3_8-p2634-2646.pdf
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Selective flowers to enhance biological control of cabbage pests by parasitoids Organic Eprints
Géneau, Céline E.; Wäckers, Felix L.; Luka, Henryk; Daniel, Claudia; Balmer, Oliver.
Habitat management is an important element in sustainable agriculture and can be used to maximize a range of ecosystem services that support crop production. An important example of such ecosystem services is biological control of pests which can be enhanced by providing arthropod natural enemies with suitable floral resources. The potential risk of this approach, however, is that flowering plants may enhance the fitness of the targeted pests as well. We conducted experiments to identify selective plant species that would improve the longevity and parasitization rate of the parasitoid wasp Microplitis mediator without benefiting its host pest, the cabbage moth Mamestra brassicae. Effects on longevity were also assessed for Diadegma fenestrale, a generalist...
Tipo: Journal paper Palavras-chave: Vegetables Crop health; Quality; Protection.
Ano: 2012 URL: http://orgprints.org/19939/4/Geneau%2Detal%2D2012%2DBasicApplEcol2012.pdf
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Motivationen für die Umsetzung von Ökoausgleichsmassnahmen Organic Eprints
Jahrl, Ingrid; Rudmann, Christine; Pfiffner, Lukas; Balmer, Oliver.
Die Schweizer Agrarpolitik verfolgt das Ziel, durch Direktzahlungen die ökologischen Leistungen von Landwirtschaftsbetrieben zu fördern. Evaluierungsprogramme zeigen jedoch, dass finanzielle Anreize allein nicht ausreichen, um die Umsetzung von Ökoausgleichsmassnahmen zu gewährleisten. Vor diesem Hintergrund wurde untersucht, welche Rolle ökonomische, ökologische und soziale Motivationen bei der Umsetzung von Massnahmen im Ökoausgleich für Landwirte im Talgebiet spielen. Nach Einschätzung der Landwirte werden vor allem Ökoausgleichsmassnahmen umgesetzt, die sie als sinnvoll für den Naturschutz erachten und sich gut in den Betriebsablauf integrieren lassen. Für ÖLN-Produzenten sind finanzielle Aspekte im Verhältnis zu ökologischen wichtiger als für...
Tipo: Newspaper or magazine article Palavras-chave: Biodiversity and ecosystem services; Policy environments and social economy; Switzerland.
Ano: 2012 URL: http://orgprints.org/25467/1/Jahrl-etal-2012-AgrarforschungCH-motivation-umsetzung-oeAF.pdf
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Gesamtbetriebliche Beratung steigert Qualität und Quantität von Ökoausgleichsflächen Organic Eprints
Chevillat, Véronique; Balmer, Oliver; Birrer, Simon; Doppler, Verena; Graf, Roman; Jenny, Markus; Pfiffner, Lukas; Rudmann, Christine; Zellweger-Fischer, Judith.
Der Rückgang der Biodiversität im Schweizer Kulturland konnte bisher trotz des im Ökologischen Leistungsnachweis geforderten ökologischen Ausgleichs nicht aufgehalten werden. Oft erfüllen die ökologischen Ausgleichsflächen (öAF) aufgrund minderwertiger Qualität oder ungeeignetem Standort ihre Rolle zu Gunsten der Biodiversität nicht. Unsere Studie zeigt, dass diese Mängel mit einer gesamtbetrieblichen Beratung effizient behoben werden können – sogar auf Landwirtschaftsbetrieben des intensiv bewirtschafteten Schweizer Mittellandes. Mit allen beratenen Betriebsleitern konnten Vereinbarungen geschlossen werden, die den Anteil von öAF von durchschnittlich 8,9 auf 13,5 % der landwirtschaftlichen Nutzfläche steigen lassen. Insbesondere die Qualität der öAF nach...
Tipo: Newspaper or magazine article Palavras-chave: Social aspects; Biodiversity and ecosystem services.
Ano: 2012 URL: http://orgprints.org/20591/1/Chevillat-etal-2012-_Agrarforschung2012_p104-111.pdf
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Biodiversity at the farm scale: A novel credit point system Organic Eprints
Birrer, Simon; Zellweger-Fischer, Judith; Stoeckli, Sibylle; Korner-Nievergelt, Fränzi; Balmer, Oliver; Jenny, Markus; Pfiffner, Lukas.
Farmland biodiversity has often been assessed, but seldom at the farm scale, although it is ultimately the farm level at which decisions are taken. Therefore, a credit point system (CPS) was developed based on 32 options known to enhance farmland biodiversity. It was verified whether the resulting CPS score and farm-scale biodiversity are correlated considering four indicator groups (plants, grasshoppers, butterflies and birds) on 133 farms in the Swiss lowland. We further compared the suitability of the CPS score in reflecting farm-scale biodiversity to three alternative habitat measures, i.e. the amount of ecological compensation areas (ECAs, i.e. agri-environment scheme options), ECAs with a high ecological quality and valuable semi-natural elements...
Tipo: Journal paper Palavras-chave: Biodiversity and ecosystem services.
Ano: 2014 URL: http://orgprints.org/27308/1/Birrer-etal-2014%20AGEE-p195-203.pdf
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