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Registros recuperados: 15
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Factors influencing adoption of agroforestry among smallholder farmers in Zambia AgEcon
Kabwe, Gillian; Bigsby, Hugh R.; Cullen, Ross.
Agroforestry technologies have been extensively researched and introduced to smallholder farmers in Zambia for over two decades. Despite the research and extension effort over this period, not many farmers have adopted these technologies. The purpose of this paper is to determine why agroforestry technologies are not being taken up by examining factors that influence the adoption of agroforestry practices. Based on data obtained from 388 farming households, statistical analysis show an association between adoption of both improved fallows and biomass transfer technologies with knowledge of the technology, availability of seed, and having the appropriate skills. In addition some household characteristics are found to be linked to the incidence of adoption....
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Agroforestry adoption; Smallholder farmers; Limitations to adoption; Chi-square tests of independence analysis; Zambia; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97135
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Small forests, big ambitions and a hard reality - Community Forestry in Nepal AgEcon
Rai, Chandra; Bigsby, Hugh R.; MacDonald, Ian.
Community forestry in Nepal is intended to reduce poverty by sustainable management of forests. Timber is one of the most high-value forest products, especially in the case of Sal (Shorea robusta) forests in the Terai region of Nepal. Despite having several advantages, including high value forests on fertile land, connection with transportation networks, and being close to regional markets, community forests in the Terai region produce little or no timber from their Sal forests. This research looks at what is affecting the production of Sal timber from community forests. Three aspects of community forest user groups (CFUG) are examined using institutional economics, transaction cost economics and micro-economics. First, the scale of CFUG operations is...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Community forest user group; Institutional economics; Transaction cost economics; Cooperatives; Contractual arrangement; Nepal; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2010 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96833
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Planning for Development using Social Impact AgEcon
Liew, Chiew-Ing; Bigsby, Hugh R.; Gidlow, Bob.
Economic development activities change the physical and social environments in which individuals live. For planners, it is important to anticipate the types of changes that might occur, and to put measures in place that mitigate negative impacts and promote positive impacts on people and communities. Social Impact Assessment (SIA) was introduced as a tool for understanding the social impacts of development. There are three factors, however, that limit the use of SIA in developing countries. First, the original SIA tool was designed in a developed country, and as such the list of indicators developed may not suitable for local conditions. Second, there is no specific theoretical underpinning of the SIA tool, and thus no link between the SIA tool and...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Social Impact Assessment (SIA); Actor-Network Theory (ANT); Development impact; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Public Economics.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/115410
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Why some community forests are performing better than others: a case of forest user groups in Nepal AgEcon
Chand, Narendra; Kerr, Geoffrey N.; Bigsby, Hugh R..
Management of many Nepalese forests has been devolved to local communities. Forest products, which are used by the community and which may also be traded, are essential contributors to community well-being. Forests are also important contributors of ecosystem services, such as flood protection and wildlife habitat. Nepalese communities were surveyed to measure flows of forest products from their community forests. A stochastic frontier analysis shows that communities are not producing forest products efficiently and there is potential for improvement. The results shows that forest products benefit and environmental performance are associated products. In addition, analysis reveals that factors such as social capital, support from government and knowledge...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Community forestry; Stochastic frontier; Production efficiency; Nepal; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Productivity Analysis.
Ano: 2010 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96827
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PRODUCTION STRUCTURE AND THE AUSTRALIAN SAWMILLING INDUSTRY AgEcon
Bigsby, Hugh R..
This paper examines the production structure of the Australian sawmilling sector over the period 1950-51 to 1984-85 using a translog cost function. The results show that the sawmilling industry is best represented by a production function which does not have any restrictions on functional form. Inputs, including capital, labour, materials and energy, are generally found to substitutable for one another, although the degree of substitutability is small. There have been economies of scale in the Australian sawmilling industry, and technological change has been capital and energy-using, and labour and materials-saving.
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Productivity Analysis.
Ano: 1994 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/22730
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Economics of Managing Invasive Species in Tropical and Sub-Tropical Areas of the U.S.A.: Case Study Development AgEcon
Bigsby, Hugh R.; Evans, Edward A.; Lee, Donna J.; Alavalapati, Janaki R.R..
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15654
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Using involvement to understand responses to biosecurity AgEcon
Bewsell, Denise; Bigsby, Hugh R.; Cullen, Ross.
The effectiveness of biosecurity measures at national borders is influenced by the behaviour and levels of involvement of travellers. Involvement is the importance or relevance of an object or situation to an individual. Involvement helps regulate the way in which people receive and process information and thus influences the extent of information searching for decision making, and information processing and persuasion. In this study, we drew on the concept of involvement to investigate the response of individuals to New Zealand biosecurity requirements. A range of people associated with the agricultural and food processing sectors were surveyed using a five item scale of involvement to measure their level of involvement in biosecurity. The results...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Behaviour; Involvement; Biosecurity; Travellers; Information processing; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97134
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Measuring the Consistency of Phytosanitary Measures AgEcon
Bigsby, Hugh R..
The paper presents a model for quantifying quarantine-related phytosanitary measures by combining the two basic components of pest risk assessment, probability of establishment and economic effects, into a single management framework, Iso-Risk. The model provides a systematic and objective basis for defining and measuring acceptable risk and for justifying quarantine actions relative to acceptable risk. This can then be used to measure consistency of phytosanitary measures. The Iso-Risk framework is applied using a database of USDA phytosanitary risk assessments. The results show that the USDA risk assessment system produces assessments that are not consistent across a range of intermediate values for consequence or likelihood of occurrence.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Iso-Risk; Phytosanitary risk assessment; Pest risk assessment; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97131
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Determinants of Forestry Investment and Extent of Forestry Expansion by Smallholders in New Zealand AgEcon
Dhakal, Bhubaneswor; Bigsby, Hugh R.; Cullen, Ross.
While there has been a large increase in investment in plantation forestry in New Zealand by smallholders during the past decade, there are still many smallholders who have chosen not to become involved in this land use or who are using only a portion of their potentially planted land for forestry. To understand why this is the case, this paper studies two issues, the differences between those who have and have not established plantation forests, and the factors that explain the proportion of land used in forestry by small landholders who have identified that they have potentially plantable land. Land used for forest plantations is treated as a two-step decision process, where first a landowner must decide whether they would consider planting trees at...
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Forestry investment; Land use change; Non-industrial forests; Double hurdle model; Land Economics/Use; Q15; Q23.
Ano: 2008 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50016
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Poverty Alleviation or Aggravation? The Impacts of Community Forestry Policies in Nepal AgEcon
Dhakal, Bhubaneswor; Bigsby, Hugh R.; Cullen, Ross.
This research studies the effects on income and employment when externally imposed policies constrain use of common forest resources. Using a mixed-integer linear programming model, the study examines the impacts of conservation-oriented community forest policies in Nepal on three household income groups. The results show that current community forest policies, which direct forest use towards environment conservation and timber production, cause large reductions in employment and income of the poorest households and largely explain the recent increase in rural poverty.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Community forestry; Policy; Poverty; Nepal; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q1.
Ano: 2006 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25576
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Alternative to Comprehensive Ecosystem Services Markets: The Contribution of Forest-Related Programs in New Zealand AgEcon
Bhatta, Arun; Bigsby, Hugh R.; Cullen, Ross.
Due to the public goods characteristics of many ecosystem services and their vital importance to human welfare, various mechanisms have been put in place to motivate private landowners in the provision of ecosystem services. A common approach is to try to develop a comprehensive ecosystem services market where landowners can receive payments from beneficiaries of ecosystem services. Much research has been directed at developing methods for valuing the range of ecosystem services so that they can be incorporated into ecosystem services markets. However, valuation methods are difficult, expensive and time consuming. Other approaches to the provision of ecosystem services such as payments for ecosystem services usually focus on a single service like water or...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Ecosystem services market; Spill-over effect; Cost-effectiveness; New Zealand; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/115350
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Who are Controlling Community Forestry User Groups in Nepal? Scrutiny of Elite Theory AgEcon
Yadav, Bhagwan Dutta; Bigsby, Hugh R.; MacDonald, Ian.
Nepal has established community forestry institutions to manage natural resources at the local community level under the assumption that there will be better management than under Government agencies. However, community forestry has not been entirely successful as it has not addressed the needs of poor and marginalised groups. The main goal of this study is to examine how Nepalese social structure guides the structure of the Executive Committee (EC) of Community Forestry User Groups and in particular, whether the EC is dominated by elite groups that could in turn hinder the needs of poor and marginalised groups. This paper uses data from the middle hill district of Baglung, Nepal. Statistical analysis indicates that decision-making is dominated by the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Social structure; Leadership; Caste; Community forestry; Decision making; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Political Economy.
Ano: 2008 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96666
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The Existence Value of Peat Swamp Forest in Peninsular Malaysia AgEcon
Mohd Azmi, M.I.; Cullen, Ross; Bigsby, Hugh R.; Awang Noor, A.G..
Forests form the dominant natural ecosystem in Malaysia. About 55% of Malaysian land area is forested and endows a rich diversity of flora and fauna. Peat swamp forests constitute a significant component of forest and account for about 75% of the country’s total wetlands. Many peat swamp forests have already been converted to new land uses including palm oil plantations, agriculture and housing. The south-east Pahang peat swamp forest (SEPPSF), located at Pahang state is the largest peat swamp forest cover in Peninsular Malaysia and is believed to be the mainland Asia’s largest and intact peat swamp forest. It harbours unique flora and fauna, provides benefits and services of national interest and supports the livelihood of the aborigines (Orang Asli)...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: SEPPSF; Economic value; CVM; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97133
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Forestry policy and poverty: the case of community forestry in Nepal AgEcon
Dhakal, Bhubaneswor; Bigsby, Hugh R.; Cullen, Ross.
Common forests in developing countries are valuable sources of raw material supplies, employment and income generation, particularly for low income households. This paper looks at the effect on income and employment when common forest resources have external policies that constrain their use. Using a mixed-integer linear programming model, this study examines the impacts of conservation-oriented community forest policies in Nepal on three household income groups. The results show that current community forest policies, which focus on environmental outcomes through forest use restriction for environment conservation and timber production, result in a large reduction in employment and income of the poorest households and largely explain the recent increase...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Forestry policy; Poverty; Nepal; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98500
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Potential of Forest Resources to Alleviate Poverty and Unemployment in Rural Nepal AgEcon
Dhakal, Bhubaneswor; Bigsby, Hugh R.; Cullen, Ross.
The study examines the importance of community forest resources for income and employment in rural areas of Nepal by studying the effect of current forestry policy on forestland use. Using data from 259 households in six community forest user groups in three hilly districts (Dolakha, Kavre and Nuwakot), the results show that the resources available from private lands and community forests with current policies are inadequate to fully utilize the family labour force of many rural households and are insufficient to meet the bare survival income of the poorest households. Current government policy dictates the use of all community forestland for limited timber production and environmental conservation, and provides little scope for fodder and firewood...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Community welfare model; Livelihood; Community forestry; Incomes; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Food Security and Poverty; Labor and Human Capital; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31962
Registros recuperados: 15
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