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| Bingen, R. James; Munyankusi, Laurent. |
| This paper summarizes the findings from FSRP/DSA surveys designed to identify some of the key institutional issues surrounding the role of farmer associations in the delivery of, and access to agricultural services. Specifically, the surveys focus on the capacity of four actors–MINAGRI Regional and District Agents, NGOs, District Governments (the Mayors) and farmer associations and intergroupements to provide farmers with agricultural services that might help in the transition from semi-subsistence to commercial agriculture. As this synthesis paper indicates, some of these services have been provided on an irregular basis for many years through a variety of government, NGO, donor agency and private business efforts. Moreover, this paper highlights... |
| Tipo: Report |
Palavras-chave: Food security; Food policy; Rwanda; Farmer associations; International Development; Q18. |
| Ano: 2002 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55351 |
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| Reardon, Thomas; Codron, Jean-Marie; Busch, Lawrence; Bingen, R. James; Harris, Craig. |
| The role of G&S has shifted from a technical instrument to reduce transaction costs in homogeneous commodity markets to a strategic instrument of competition in differentiated product markets. The nature of G&S has shifted from performance (realized characteristics of the product) to process standards. In developing countries, these changes have tended to exclude small firms and farms from participating in market growth, because of the implied investments. The three strategic responses to G&S change by agribusiness firms and farms include: (1) by large firms and multinationals, to create private G&S and private certification, labeling, and branding systems; (2) by medium-large domestic firms, to lobby governments to adopt public G&S... |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness. |
| Ano: 1999 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/34227 |
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