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| Le Duigou, Antoine; Merotte, Justin; Bourmaud, Alain; Davies, Peter; Belhouli, Karim; Baley, Christophe. |
| The present article aims to investigate the contribution of hygroscopic expansion of flax fibres to interfacial radial stresses and Interfacial Shear Strength (IFSS) of Maleic Anhydride grafted PolyPropylene (MAPP)/Flax biocomposites. During manufacturing of thermoplastic biocomposites and storage at 50% RH, a weight variation is observed, attributed to water content evolution within plant cell-walls. The hygroscopic radial expansion coefficient βr flax of single flax fibres estimated by Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy (ESEM) observation is many orders of magnitude higher (βf,R = 1.14 ε/Δm) than thermal expansion (αf, R = 78 10−6 ε/°C). Thus, its contribution to the development of residual stresses σrad during processing should be prevalent. A... |
| Tipo: Text |
Palavras-chave: Flax fibres; Fibre/matrix bond. |
| Ano: 2017 |
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00397/50830/51594.pdf |
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| Baley, Christophe; Gomina, Moussa; Breard, Joel; Bourmaud, Alain; Drapier, Sylvain; Ferreira, Manuela; Le Duigou, Antoine; Liotier, Pierre Jacques; Ouagne, Pierre; Soulat, Damien; Davies, Peter. |
| The use of composite materials reinforced by flax fibres has been increasing steadily over the last 20 years. These fibres show attractive mechanical properties but also some particularities (naturally limited length, presence of a lumen, fibres grouped in bundles in the plant, complex surface properties and composition). An analysis of the available literature indicates that the quality of the composite materials studied is not always optimal (high porosity, incomplete impregnation, heterogeneous microstructure, variable fibre orientation). This paper reviews published data on the specific nature of flax fibres with respect to manufacturing of biocomposites (defined here as polymers reinforced by natural fibres). All the important steps in the process... |
| Tipo: Text |
Palavras-chave: Composite materials; Biocomposite; Flax fibre; Polymer; Processing. |
| Ano: 2019 |
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00473/58429/61027.pdf |
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| Bourmaud, Alain; Mérotte, Justin; Siniscalco, David; Le Gall, Maelenn; Gager, Victor; Le Duigou, Antoine; Pierre, Floran; Behlouli, Karim; Arnould, Olivier; Beaugrand, Johnny; Baley, Christophe. |
| This paper investigates biochemical, morphological and mechanical properties of a large range of plant fibres explored with the same methods. Biochemical results clearly exhibit strong differences between gelatinous, i.e. flax and hemp, and xylan type, i.e. jute and kenaf, cell walls. These differences into parietal composition have an impact on cell wall stiffness, highlighted through nanoindentation and atomic force microscopy measurements, but also on fibre individualisation, due to variations into fibre bundles cohesion. In addition, the morphology and particularly the lumen size induces apparent density differences. Moreover, the influence of fibre morphology and properties is demonstrated on UD materials. Finally, longitudinal Young’s modulus of each... |
| Tipo: Text |
Palavras-chave: Natural fibers; Biocomposite; Microstructures; Mechanical properties. |
| Ano: 2019 |
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00505/61621/65646.pdf |
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| Baley, Christophe; Gomina, Moussa; Breard, Joel; Bourmaud, Alain; Davies, Peter. |
| Flax fibres are a promising reinforcement in the development of biocomposites and are finding new applications in transport structures. However, there is a perceived problem with plant fibres related to the variability of the properties of these natural materials. This paper describes the factors which affect variability, from plant growth conditions to fibre sampling and testing. A large number of test results are presented (characterization of elementary fibres, bundles, assemblies of bundles, and unidirectional composites), and it is shown that provided fibre supply is carefully controlled, characterization procedures are appropriate, and manufacturing processes are optimal then excellent composite properties can be achieved with low variability. |
| Tipo: Text |
Palavras-chave: Flax fibre; Composite; Variability; Mechanical properties. |
| Ano: 2020 |
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00593/70488/68656.pdf |
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| Baley, Christophe; Kervoelen, Antoine; Lan, Marine; Cartie, Denis; Le Duigou, Antoine; Bourmaud, Alain; Davies, Peter. |
| Automated fibre placement (AFP) has been used to manufacture flax/polypropylene biocomposites for the first time. This required preparation of tape with a calibrated width from impregnated fibre sheets. The unidirectional tapes showed polymer-rich zones on the surface. During manufacture the polypropylene (PP) is melted locally with a laser. A consolidation step in a hot press is then required to reduce void content. The flax fibres, composed of polysaccharides, have limited thermal resistance so optimization of the thermal cycle is necessary, but subsequent characterization of mechanical behaviour showed no evidence of property loss in spite of an additional melting cycle. AFP appears to be a promising manufacturing method for biocomposites. |
| Tipo: Text |
Palavras-chave: Structural composites; AFP; Biocomposites; Flax; PP. |
| Ano: 2016 |
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00307/41800/41009.pdf |
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| Le Duigou, Antoine; Bourmaud, Alain; Davies, Peter; Baley, Christophe. |
| Innovation in sailing yacht design must include current environmental concerns such as resource depletion and waste management. Indeed most of the materials used today are petro-based and cannot offer viable end of life treatment. Fully biodegradable natural fibre reinforced biopolymers are being increasingly studied as they offer high specific stiffness and low environmental footprint. However, their ageing mechanisms are still not well understood. The present article gives information on 2 years natural seawater aging effect on injection-molded Flax/PLA biocomposite. Biocomposites suffer from relatively high moisture absorption which is controlled by the vegetal fibres. Simple rules of mixtures allow the determination of weight gain for flax fibres which... |
| Tipo: Text |
Palavras-chave: Natural fibre composites; Seawater ageing; Damage mechanism. |
| Ano: 2014 |
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00211/32191/30681.pdf |
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| Le Duigou, Antoine; Pillin, Isabelle; Bourmaud, Alain; Davies, Peter; Baley, Christophe. |
| The biocompostability of natural fibre-reinforced biopolymers, also known as biocomposites, makes them an attractive alternative to glass fibre-reinforced petrochemical polymers. The aim of this work is to study the capacity of flax/PLLA (poly(L-lactide)) biocomposite (20% and 30% fibres by weight) to be recycled. Mechanical properties were evaluated initially, and shown to be similar to those of glass/PP and superior to hemp/PP and sisal/PP composites. Then after repeated injection cycles tensile properties were shown to be conserved until the third cycle. Matrix degradation and fibre aspect ratio were followed using molecular weight measurements, thermal and rheological analyses, image analysis of sections and SEM fractography. These techniques revealed... |
| Tipo: Text |
Palavras-chave: Mechanical properties; Recycling; Flax fibres; PLLA. |
| Ano: 2008 |
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2008/publication-6360.pdf |
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| Maurin, Romain; Perrot, Yves; Bourmaud, Alain; Davies, Peter; Baley, Christophe. |
| Polyester resins are widely employed for pleasure boat construction. In order to satisfy new environmental legislation on styrene emissions resin suppliers have proposed modified formulations, but these show lower failure strains under tensile loading. This paper examines the influence of wet ageing on mechanical properties of low styrene polyester, together with standard polyester and vinyl ester resins, and their glass reinforced composites. Results are presented from accelerated ageing in natural sea water for nine months, at temperatures of 20, 40 and 60 degrees C. Nano-indentation was used to study local changes in the resin after ageing. The diffusion kinetics of the low styrene emission resins and their composites are similar to those for standard... |
| Tipo: Text |
Palavras-chave: Polymer matrix composites (PMCs); Environmental degradation; Mechanical testing. |
| Ano: 2009 |
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/11104/7856.pdf |
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