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| Cazenave, Anny; Meyssignac, Benoit; Ablain, Michael; Balmaseda, Magdalena; Bamber, Jonathan; Barletta, Valentina; Beckley, Brian; Benveniste, Jerome; Berthier, Etienne; Blazquez, Alejandro; Boyer, Tim; Caceres, Denise; Chambers, Don; Champollion, Nicolas; Chao, Ben; Chen, Jianli; Cheng, Lijing; Church, John A.; Chuter, Stephen; Cogley, J. Graham; Dangendorf, Soenke; Desbruyeres, Damien; Doell, Petra; Domingues, Catia; Falk, Ulrike; Famiglietti, James; Fenoglio-marc, Luciana; Forsberg, Rene; Galassi, Gaia; Gardner, Alex; Groh, Andreas; Hamlington, Benjamin; Hogg, Anna; Horwath, Martin; Humphrey, Vincent; Husson, Laurent; Ishii, Masayoshi; Jaeggi, Adrian; Jevrejeva, Svetlana; Johnson, Gregory; Kolodziejczyk, Nicolas; Kusche, Juergen; Lambeck, Kurt; Landerer, Felix; Leclercq, Paul; Legresy, Benoit; Leuliette, Eric; Llovel, William; Longuevergne, Laurent; Loomis, Bryant D.; Luthcke, Scott B.; Marcos, Marta; Marzeion, Ben; Merchant, Chris; Merrifield, Mark; Milne, Glenn; Mitchum, Gary; Mohajerani, Yara; Monier, Maeva; Monselesan, Didier; Nerem, Steve; Palanisamy, Hindumathi; Paul, Frank; Perez, Begona; Piecuch, Christopher G.; Ponte, Rui M.; Purkey, Sarah G.; Reager, John T.; Rietbroek, Roelof; Rignot, Eric; Riva, Riccardo; Roemmich, Dean H.; Sorensen, Louise Sandberg; Sasgen, Ingo; Schrama, E. J. O.; Seneviratne, Sonia I.; Shum, C. K.; Spada, Giorgio; Stammer, Detlef; Van De Wal, Roderic; Velicogna, Isabella; Von Schuckmann, Karina; Wada, Yoshihide; Wang, Yiguo; Watson, Christopher; Wiese, David; Wijffels, Susan; Westaway, Richard; Woppelmann, Guy; Wouters, Bert. |
| Global mean sea level is an integral of changes occurring in the climate system in response to unforced climate variability as well as natural and anthropogenic forcing factors. Its temporal evolution allows changes (e.g.,acceleration) to be detected in one or more components. Study of the sea-level budget provides constraints on missing or poorly known contributions, such as the unsurveyed deep ocean or the still uncertain land water component. In the context of the World Climate Research Programme Grand Challenge entitled "Regional Sea Level and Coastal Impacts", an international effort involving the sea-level community worldwide has been recently initiated with the objective of assessing the various datasets used to estimate components of the sea-level... |
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| Ano: 2018 |
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00454/56564/58270.pdf |
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| Liu, Chunlei; Allan, Richard P.; Mayer, Michael; Hyder, Patrick; Desbruyères, Damien; Cheng, Lijing; Xu, Jianjun; Xu, Feng; Zhang, Yu. |
| The study of energy flows in the Earth system is essential for understanding current climate change. To understand how energy is accumulating and being distributed within the climate system, an updated reconstruction of energy fluxes at the top of atmosphere, surface and within the atmosphere derived from observations is presented. New satellite and ocean data are combined with an improved methodology to quantify recent variability in meridional and ocean to land heat transports since 1985. A global top of atmosphere net imbalance is found to increase from 0.10 ± 0.61 W m−2 over 1985–1999 to 0.62 ± 0.1 W m−2 over 2000–2016, and the uncertainty of ± 0.61 W m−2 is related to the Argo ocean heat content changes (± 0.1 W m−2) and an additional uncertainty... |
| Tipo: Text |
Palavras-chave: TOA flux; Net surface flux; Energy transport. |
| Ano: 2020 |
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00652/76383/77393.pdf |
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| Cheng, Lijing; Trenberth, Kevin E.; Fasullo, John; Boyer, Tim; Abraham, John; Zhu, Jiang. |
| Earth's energy imbalance (EEI) drives the ongoing global warming and can best be assessed across the historical record (that is, since 1960) from ocean heat content (OHC) changes. An accurate assessment of OHC is a challenge, mainly because of insufficient and irregular data coverage. We provide updated OHC estimates with the goal of minimizing associated sampling error. We performed a subsample test, in which subsets of data during the data-rich Argo era are colocated with locations of earlier ocean observations, to quantify this error. Our results provide a new OHC estimate with an unbiased mean sampling error and with variability on decadal and multidecadal time scales (signal) that can be reliably distinguished fromsampling error (noise) with... |
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| Ano: 2017 |
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00673/78501/80763.pdf |
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| Meyssignac, Benoit; Boyer, Tim; Zhao, Zhongxiang; Hakuba, Maria Z.; Landerer, Felix W.; Stammer, Detlef; Koehl, Armin; Kato, Seiji; L'Ecuyer, Tristan; Ablain, Michael; Abraham, John Patrick; Blazquez, Alejandro; Cazenave, Anny; Church, John A.; Cowley, Rebecca; Cheng, Lijing; Domingues, Catia M.; Giglio, Donata; Gouretski, Viktor; Ishii, Masayoshi; Johnson, Gregory C.; Killick, Rachel E.; Legler, David; Llovel, William; Lyman, John; Palmer, Matthew Dudley; Piotrowicz, Steve; Purkey, Sarah G.; Roemmich, Dean; Roca, Rmy; Savita, Abhishek; Von Schuckmann, Karina; Speich, Sabrina; Stephens, Graeme; Wang, Gongjie; Wijffels, Susan Elisabeth; Zilberman, Nathalie. |
| The energy radiated by the Earth toward space does not compensate the incoming radiation from the Sun leading to a small positive energy imbalance at the top of the atmosphere (0.4-1 Wm(-2)). This imbalance is coined Earth's Energy Imbalance (EEI). It is mostly caused by anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions and is driving the current warming of the planet. Precise monitoring of EEI is critical to assess the current status of climate change and the future evolution of climate. But the monitoring of EEI is challenging as EEI is two orders of magnitude smaller than the radiation fluxes in and out of the Earth system. Over 93% of the excess energy that is gained by the Earth in response to the positive EEI accumulates into the ocean in the form of heat. This... |
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Palavras-chave: Ocean heat content; Sea level; Ocean mass; Ocean surface fluxes; ARGO; Altimetry; GRACE; Earth Energy Imbalance. |
| Ano: 2019 |
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00675/78723/80997.pdf |
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| Von Schuckmann, Karina; Cheng, Lijing; Palmer, Matthew D.; Hansen, James; Tassone, Caterina; Aich, Valentin; Adusumilli, Susheel; Beltrami, Hugo; Boyer, Tim; Cuesta-valero, Francisco José; Desbruyères, Damien; Domingues, Catia; García-garcía, Almudena; Gentine, Pierre; Gilson, John; Gorfer, Maximilian; Haimberger, Leopold; Ishii, Masayoshi; Johnson, Gregory C.; Killick, Rachel; King, Brian A.; Kirchengast, Gottfried; Kolodziejczyk, Nicolas; Lyman, John; Marzeion, Ben; Mayer, Michael; Monier, Maeva; Monselesan, Didier Paolo; Purkey, Sarah; Roemmich, Dean; Schweiger, Axel; Seneviratne, Sonia I.; Shepherd, Andrew; Slater, Donald A.; Steiner, Andrea K.; Straneo, Fiammetta; Timmermans, Mary-louise; Wijffels, Susan E.. |
| Human-induced atmospheric composition changes cause a radiative imbalance at the top of the atmosphere which is driving global warming. This Earth energy imbalance (EEI) is the most critical number defining the prospects for continued global warming and climate change. Understanding the heat gain of the Earth system – and particularly how much and where the heat is distributed – is fundamental to understanding how this affects warming ocean, atmosphere and land; rising surface temperature; sea level; and loss of grounded and floating ice, which are fundamental concerns for society. This study is a Global Climate Observing System (GCOS) concerted international effort to update the Earth heat inventory and presents an updated assessment of ocean warming... |
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| Ano: 2020 |
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00648/76036/76956.pdf |
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