SABIIA - Sistema Aberto e Integrado de Informação em Agricultura (Sabiia)

Ciaian, Pavel; Kancs, d'Artis; Swinnen, Johan F.M.; Van Herck, Kristine; Vranken, Liesbet.

All agricultural markets are subjected to institutional regulations that – in one way or another –affect the functioning of these markets, and this is no different for the agricultural land market in the EU. In this paper, we describe the existing regulations in the sales markets for agricultural land in selected EU member states and candidate countries. The analysis focuses on three types of sales market regulations and institutions: quantity regulations, price regulations and transaction costs. The differences in the regulatory framework between land acquisition and ownership by domestic and foreign investors are analysed, as well as the taxes associated with land sales and ownership, zoning regulations and market imperfections.

Tipo: Working Paper

Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Land Economics/Use.

Ano: 2012

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/120249

International Interlinkages of Biofuel Prices: The Role of Biofuel Policies

Rajcaniova, Miroslava; Drabik, Dusan; Ciaian, Pavel.

Based on their theoretical predictions, Kliauga, de Gorter, and Just (2008) and de Gorter, Drabik, and Just (2010) argue that the United States and the European Union establish the world ethanol and biodiesel prices, respectively. We test these theories using cointegration analysis and the Vector Error Correction (VEC) model. Weekly price series are analyzed for the major global biofuel producers (European Union, United States, and Brazil) for the period 2002 – 2010. Polices in the United States and Brazil appear to play an equal role in determining ethanol prices in other countries, thus only partially confirming the theoretical predictions. For biodiesel, our results demonstrate that the EU mandate impacts the world biodiesel price and thus they confirm...

Distributional Effects of CAP Subsidies: Micro Evidence from the EU

Palavras-chave: Biofuels; Biofuel polices; Price leadership; VEC; International Relations/Trade; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; C32; Q16; Q17; Q47.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/114786

Ciaian, Pavel; Kancs, d'Artis; Gomez y Paloma, Sergio.

In this paper we estimate the income distributional effects of the common agricultural policy (CAP) for farmers and landowners. Using a unique farm level panel data set from the FADN for the period 1995-2007 we employ the fixed effects, the Heckman selection bias and the GMM estimators to estimate income distributional effects of CAP subsidies. The results do not confirm the theoretical hypothesis that landowners benefit a large share of the CAP subsidies. According to our estimates, farmers gain between 60% to 95%, 80% to 178% and 86% to 90% of the total value of coupled crop/animal, coupled RDP and decupled payments, respectively. The CAP subsidies are only marginally capitalised in land rents. Our results suggest that rental rates are more responsive to...

Key Issues and Developments in Farmland Sales Markets in the EU Member States and Candidate Countries

Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/114291

Ciaian, Pavel; Kancs, d'Artis; Swinnen, Johan F.M.; Van Herck, Kristine; Vranken, Liesbet.

This paper describes recent developments in sales markets of agricultural land in selected member states of the European Union and its candidate countries. Analysis focuses on the importance of the sales market for agricultural land, the average size of transacted plots, and the evolution and magnitude of the land sales prices. The share of agricultural land sold on the market is relatively stable in most of the old member states, with the exception of Finland, the Netherlands and the UK, where a more dynamic market is observed. For the new member states, the sales market for agricultural land is strongly affected by public sales under the ongoing land privatisation programmes, while strong variation prevails in the private sales market. Substantial...

Tipo: Working Paper

Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Land Economics/Use.

Ano: 2012

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/120247

Comparative Advantages, Transaction Costs and Factor Content of Agricultural Trade: Empirical Evidence from CEE

Kancs, d'Artis; Ciaian, Pavel; Pokrivcak, Jan.

The present study examines factor content of the CEE transition country agricultural trade. We examine the relative country abundance for labour, capital and land, and test the Heckscher-Ohlin-Vanek (HOV) hypothesis. Our empirical findings suggest that the factor content of agricultural exports and imports is rather similar in CEE and most of the agricultural trade flows do not satisfy the HOV prediction. In order to explain the general lack of agricultural specialisation and the observed paradox in the CEE's agricultural trade, we examine the role of transaction costs and market imperfections. We find that transaction costs and market imperfections distort farm specialisation and hence factor content of agricultural trade.

The Impact of Food Price Shock on Heterogenous Credit Constrained Firms

Palavras-chave: Factor Content; Agricultural Trade; Comparative Advantages; Transaction Cost; Agricultural and Food Policy; F12; F14; D23; Q12; Q17.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/115421

Ciaian, Pavel; Kancs, d'Artis.

The paper analyses how the rising agricultural prices affect heterogenous farm access to inputs and production under credit market imperfections in the CEE transition countries. Using farm level panel data which contains 37416 observations, we estimate a farm credit constraint equation and find that small individual farms (IF) are on average more credit constrained than large corporate farms (CF). Using the estimated parameters we simulate the effect of the recent food price shock. Our results suggest that in the presence of credit market imperfections, the relatively less credit constrained CF benefit more from higher output prices than IF, as they are able to expand their production more flexibly. These findings have implications for the developing...

Access to Credit, Factor Allocation and Farm Productivity: Evidence From the CEE Transition Economies

Palavras-chave: Credit constraint; Food price shock; Heterogeneous firms; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Production Economics; Q11; Q12; P23.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51428

Ciaian, Pavel; Falkowski, Jan; Kancs, d'Artis.

This paper analyses how farm access to credit affects farm input allocation and farm efficiency in the CEE countries. Drawing on a unique farm level panel data with 37,409 observations and employing a matching estimator we are able to control for the key source of endogeneity – unoberserved heterogeneity. We find that farms are credit constrained both in the short-run as well as in the long-run, but that credit constraint is asymmetric between inputs. Our estimates suggest that farm access to credit increases TFP up to 1.9% per 1000 EUR of additional credit. The use of variable inputs and capital investment increases up to 2.3% and 29%, respectively, per 1000 EUR of additional credit. Due to credit-financed investment in labour-saving farm equipment,...

Comparative Advantages, Transaction Costs and Factor Content in Agricultural Trade: Empirical Evidence from the CEE

Palavras-chave: Access to credit; Investment; Factor allocation; Productivity; Transition countries; Agricultural and Food Policy; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use; Q12; P14.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61347

Ciaian, Pavel; Kancs, d'Artis; Pokrivcak, Jan.

The present study examines factor content in the CEE transition country agricultural trade. However, deviating from the traditional approach, we do not test the HOV prediction. Instead, we examine the theoretical predictions that relate the factor content of international trade to cross-country differences in technology and endowments. Our empirical findings suggest that factor content between agricultural exports and imports is rather similar in CEE. In order to explain the general lack of the CEE agricultural specialisation and the observed paradox, we attempt to identify the role of transaction costs and market imperfections in determining factor content in agricultural production and trade. We find that technological differences and factor endowment...

Effects of Tariff Liberalization due to EU Accession on Slovak Agricultural Trade

Palavras-chave: Comparative Advantage; Transaction Cost; Factor Content; Trade; International Relations/Trade.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44135

Drabik, Dusan; Pokrivcak, Jan; Ciaian, Pavel.

The paper analyzes the changes in agricultural trade patterns in Slovakia that occured during the gradual trade liberalization due to European Union enlargement in 2004. The results indicate that approximately 30% of the increase in agricultural imports from the EU15 and CEECs between 2000 and 2005 was due to the discriminatory trade liberalization between Slovakia and the EU15 and CEECs, i.e. due to the formation of a customs union. Part of the increase in agricultural trade with the EU15 and CEECs was at the expense of trade with more efficient producers from the rest of the world, i.e. there is an indication that some trade diversion could have occurred. The second wave of agricultural trade liberalization (from 2002 onward) brought about greater...

Factor Content of Agricultural Trade

Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6820

Kancs, d'Artis; Ciaian, Pavel.

Replaced with revised version of paper 08/25/09.

International Interlinkages of Biofuel Prices: The Role of Biofuel Policies

Palavras-chave: Factor content; Heckscher-Ohlin; Factor abundance; Agricultural trade; International Relations/Trade; F12; F14; D23; Q12; Q17.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44458

Rajcaniova, Miroslava; Drabik, Dusan; Ciaian, Pavel.

Kliauga, de Gorter, and Just (2008) and de Gorter, Drabik, and Just (2010) argue that the United States and the European Union establish the world ethanol and biodiesel prices, respectively. We test these theories using a cointegration analysis and the Vector Error Correction (VEC) model. Weekly price series are analyzed for the major global biofuel producers (European Union, United States, and Brazil) for the period 2002 – 2010. Biofuel policies in both the United States and Brazil appear to play a role in determining the ethanol prices in other countries, thus only partially confirming the previous findings for the U.S. price leadership in the literature. For biodiesel, our results demonstrate that the EU tax exemption and mandate impact the world...

LAND MARKET IMPERFECTIONS AND AGRICULTURAL POLICY IMPACTS IN THE NEW EU MEMBER STATES : A PARTIAL EQUILIBRIUM ANALYSIS

Palavras-chave: Biofuels; Biofuel polices; Price leadership; VEC; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; C32; Q16; Q17; Q47.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103222

Ciaian, Pavel; Swinnen, Johan F.M..

This paper analyses how market imperfections affect the welfare effects of introducing the CAP in the new Eastern Member States (NEMS) of the EU. We model how transaction costs and imperfect competition in the land market affect the distribution of policy rents. We find that benefits of direct payments end up with landowners in NEMS also with imperfections in the NEMS land markets. With unequal access to subsidies small tenant farmers may even lose out from the subsidies. Decoupling of payments shifts policy rents to farmers. However, decoupling will constrain productivity enhancing restructuring which would result from accession induced improvements in the land markets. Using reserve entitlements to mitigate this effect reduces the intended benefits on...

Agricultural economics and transition: What was expected, what we observed, the lessons learned Proceedings (Volume I / II)

Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Land Economics/Use.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31864

Csaki, Csaba; Forgacs, Csaba; Koester, Ulrich; Liefert, William M.; Banse, Martin; Gay, Stephan Hubertus; McDonald, Scott; M'Barek, Robert; Swinnen, Johan F.M.; Kim, Hanho; An, Donghwan; Hubbard, Lionel J.; Rieger, Laszlo; Szoke, Gyula; Cristoiu, Adriana; Udovc, Andrej; Kagan, Adam; Sassi, Maria; Takacs, Istvan; Takacs, Emese; Cimpoies, Dragos; Ertsey, Imre; Kovacs, Sandor; Przygodzka, Renata; Dziemianowicz, Ryta Iwona; Magda, Robert; Borodina, Elena; Borodina, Alexandra; Gavrilescu, Dinu; Pecze, Denes; Balogh, Peter; Cechura, Lukas; Sayin, Cengiz; Cengiz, M. Nisa; Osanami, Fumio; Szabo, Gabor G.; Karaman, Suleyman; Szekely, Geza; Szczepaniak, Iwona; Szczegolska, Monika; Serova, Eugenia; Pieniadz, Agata; Barmon, Basanta Kumar; Kondo, Takumi; Becvarova, Vera; Levkovych, Inna; Hockmann, Heinrich; Bezlepkina, Irina V.; Kupavych, Alexander; Konig, Gabor; Halmai, Peter; Vasary, Viktoria; Vincze, Maria-Magdolna; Lerman, Zvi; Kolcsey, Andrea; Bokusheva, Raushan; Turtoi, Crina Sinziana; Toma, Camelia; Gavrilescu, Camelia; Davidova, Sophia; Blaas, Gejza; Antonova, Maria; Zeller, Manfred; Deininger, Klaus W.; Savastano, Sara; Carletto, Calogero; Caceres-Clavero, Francisco; Lucena-Cobos, Blanca; Latruffe, Laure; Takacs-Gyorgy, Katalin; Bandlerova, Anna; Sadowski, Adam; Gomez y Paloma, Sergio; Luca, Lucian; Cristoiu, Adriana; Ciaian, Pavel; Pokrivcak, Jan; Drabik, Dusan; Voneki, Eva; Tonini, Axel; Burger, Anna; Szep, Katalin; Majewski, Edward; Raggi, Meri; Viaggi, Davide; Maccarini, Elisa Ricci; Monasterolo, Irene; Vandeplas, Anneleen; Jongeneel, Roelof A.; Novak, Petr; Brasili, Cristina; Meyer, William H.; Kuhne, Bianka; Fanfani, Roberto; Gellynck, Xavier; Molnar, Adrienn; Gagalyuk, Taras; Traikova, Diana; Mollers, Judith; Cochrane, Nancy J.; Kazlauskiene, Natalija; Fekete-Farkas, Maria; Molnar, Jozsef; Szucs, Istvan; Popp, Jozsef; Udovecz, Gabor; Florkowski, Wojciech J.; Fritzsch, Jana; Buchenrieder, Gertrud; Kasarjyan, Milada; Podruzsik, Szilard; Korff, Rudiger; Wilkin, Jerzy; van Leeuwen, Myrna; Bartova, Lubica; Erjavec, Emil; Katona-Kovacs, Judit; Baranyai, Zsolt; Hubbard, Carmen.

Over fifteen years have elapsed since the transition from the centrally planned economic system started in the early 1990’s. During this time agricultural and rural areas of Central and Eastern Europe have undergone profound structural changes with wide variations in the degree of transformation and in the rate of success in creating a competitive market and private ownership based food and agricultural system. By becoming member of the European Union the "transition" in its traditional interpretation has been concluded in ten of the Central East European countries. The transition to market based agriculture, however, is far from completion in Southern and Eastern Europe and especially in the CIS countries. International Association of Agricultural...

Distortions to Agricultural Incentives in Central and Eastern Europe

Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Agricultural Finance; Farm Management; Financial Economics; Industrial Organization; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Land Economics/Use; Production Economics.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92319

Ciaian, Pavel; Swinnen, Johan F.M..

Slovak Agricultural Markets Under Alternative CAP Scenarios - AG-MEMOD Modelling Approach

Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48385

Pokrivcak, Jan; Bartova, Lubica; Ciaian, Pavel.

Slovak sectoral partial equilibrium econometric model based on AG-MEMOD approach is used to analyse the development of the Slovak agricultural markets after EU accession. Simulation results for cereals, oilseeds and meats are provided in this article. Two scenarios are analysed: non-accession baseline and accession with adoption of single area payment scheme. EU accession is expected to increase prices of most products, the biggest increase of prices will occur in animal sector. Because of higher prices consumption will go down. Decrease of consumption will be mitigated by income growth. Production will not increase substantially due to decoupling of direct payments. Trade balance for majority of products will improve.

JOB CREATION AND JOB DESTRUCTION IN THE EU AGRICULTURE

Palavras-chave: Partial equilibrium econometric model; EU accession; Slovakia; Agricultural markets; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; C51; Q11; Q18.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24674

Dries, Liesbeth; Ciaian, Pavel; Kancs, d'Artis.

Do Agricultural Subsidies Crowd-out or Stimulate Rural Credit Market Institutions?: The Case of CAP Payments

Palavras-chave: Labor and Human Capital.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/114430

Ciaian, Pavel; Pokrivcak, Jan; Szegenyova, Katarina.

In this paper we estimate the impact of CAP subsidies on farm bank loans. According to the theoretical results, if subsidies are paid at the beginning of the growing season they may reduce bank loans, whereas if they are paid at the end of the season they increase bank loans, but these results are conditional on credit constraint and on the relative cost of internal and external financing. In empirical analysis we use the FADN farm level panel data for period 1995-2007. We employ the fixed effects and the GMM models to estimate the impact of subsidies on farm loans. The estimated results suggest that (i) subsidies influence farm loans and the effects tend to be non-linear and indirect; (ii) both coupled and decoupled subsidies stimulate long-term farm...

EU-wide Distributional Effects of EU Direct Payments Harmonization analyzed with CAPRI

Palavras-chave: Agricultural Finance.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/114289

Gocht, Alexander; Britz, Wolfgang; Ciaian, Pavel; Gomez y Paloma, Sergio.

We argue in this paper that available econometric estimates of farmers’ risk aversion do not measure true farmers’ preferences towards risky outcomes. Available analyses are mostly of static nature and indeed measure the parameters of the synthetic optimal value function rather than the deep parameters of the utility functions. We derive analytical and empirical results in a simple dynamic and stochastic framework showing that that there is not a simple relationship between utility functions and value functions when agents have many decision variables. In particular we find that the value function does not necessarily exhibit DARA when the instantaneous utility function satisfies DARA and conversely. We recommend performing dynamic econometric estimation...

Rental Market Regulations for Agricultural Land in EU Member States and Candidate Countries

Palavras-chave: Distributional effects; SPS; Flat-rate payment; CAP reform; Farm level model; CAPRI farm type layer; International Relations/Trade; Q11; Q12; Q18.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/114624

Ciaian, Pavel; Kancs, d'Artis; Swinnen, Johan F.M.; Van Herck, Kristine; Vranken, Liesbet.

In this paper, we describe the regulations governing the rental markets for agricultural land in selected EU member states and candidate countries. The analysis focuses on various kinds of regulations and institutions connected with the land rental market, including price, tenancy duration, quantity and other regulations, as well as transaction costs. The diverse government regulations on price restrictions and tenancy duration are analysed, along with the social norms observed for rental payments and contracts. The paper also examines the type and registration of contracts, the contract enforcement rules, the regulations on the inheritability of contracts and the pre-emptive right of tenants to buy the land.

Tipo: Working Paper

Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Land Economics/Use.

Ano: 2012

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/120250

THE ECONOMICS OF FARM ORGANIZATION IN CEEC AND FSU

Ciaian, Pavel; Pokrivcak, Jan; Drabik, Dusan.

In Western Europe, USA and other developed countries agriculture is dominated by small family farms. In Central and Eastern European Countries (CEEC) and Former Soviet Union (FSU) dual structure of farms exists. There are large corporate farms (CF) and small family farms (FF) in CEEC and FSU. Our paper shows that both CF and FF specialize in commodities in which they have comparative advantage. CF specialize in capital intensive products and in products with low labor monitoring. FF specialize in products with higher labor monitoring requirements. The implication of this paper is that farm structure determines in which products the country will be competitive on international markets. This is especially important for transition countries where high...