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| Registros recuperados: 25 | |
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| Coxhead, Ian A.; Demeke, Bayou. |
| Erosion and sediments are among the most important externalities in the developing world. These sediments negatively affect the quantity and quality of water in the downstream regions of watersheds. In light with the growing interest in many developing countries to use market-based instruments, this paper develops a model for designing efficient environmental policy at a watershed scale. Because farm households are heterogeneous in a given watershed, we develop a spatially explicit, heterogeneous watershed scale environmental policy to lesson watershed degradation. We use GIS data and geo-referenced household plots to populate the watershed with the heterogeneous households. Heterogeneity also implies that the impact of environmental tax policy on poverty... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy. |
| Ano: 2006 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21115 |
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| Coxhead, Ian A.; Li, Muqun. |
| In an integrated global economy, specialisation in trade is an increasingly prominent strategy. A labour-abundant, resource-rich economy like Indonesia faces stiff competition for labour-intensive manufactures; meanwhile, rapid growth in demand for resources from China and India exposes it to the ‘curse’ of resource wealth. This diminishes prospects for more diversified growth based on renewable resources like human capital. Using an international panel data set we explore the influence of resource wealth, foreign direct investment, and human capital on the share of skill-intensive products in total exports. FDI and human capital increase this share; resource wealth diminishes it. We use the results to compare Indonesia with Thailand and Malaysia.... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; Labor and Human Capital. |
| Ano: 2008 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92201 |
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| Coxhead, Ian A.. |
| With few exceptions, induced innovation theories give little consideration either to the role of distortions as determinants of the factor biases of innovations, or to the influence of technical progress – with or without distortions – on the sectoral structure of production. This analysis identifies demand for innovations as a function of a specific policy setting which both conditions and is conditioned by the structure of production. In this context, when some sectors contribute more than others to environmental externalities, private and social optima in the allocation of research resources may diverge. In some circumstances it may be optimal to use research budget allocations as second‐best substitutes for Pigouvian taxes. |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Land Economics/Use. |
| Ano: 1997 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118044 |
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| Li, Muqun; Coxhead, Ian A.. |
| Could globalization—specifically, increased international trade and openness to foreign investment—increase inequality in developing countries? Empirical studies in many such economies show that expanding trade and FDI are associated with higher inequality in wages and regional incomes. However, there is no agreement regarding the cause of such increases. We present a theoretical model showing how interactions between factor mobility restrictions and different rates of technical progress (due to trade and FDI) in a regionally heterogeneous economy can explain the evolution of inequality. As favored regions benefit more from trade, their growing demand for skills drains skilled workers from disadvantaged areas, and average incomes in favored regions grow... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: International Development. |
| Ano: 2009 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92236 |
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| Wattanakuljarus, Anan; Coxhead, Ian A.. |
| The popularity of tourism as a component of development strategy in low-income countries is founded in part upon the belief that expansion of this industry will improve income distribution by greatly expanding demand for relatively low-skilled labor. We examine this belief for the case of Thailand, a highly tourism-intensive economy, using a new and specifically-designed applied general equilibrium model. A boom in inbound tourism demand generates foreign exchange and raises household incomes across the board, but worsens their distribution. Tourism sectors are not especially labor-intensive, and the expansion of foreign tourism demand brings about a real appreciation that undermines profitability and reduces employment in tradable sectors, notably... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: International Development. |
| Ano: 2006 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10279 |
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| Coxhead, Ian A.. |
| China's growth, along with its increasing integration with world markets through WTO accession, abolition of Multifiber Arrangement (MFA) quotas, and reduced trade barriers with ASEAN, is expected to have significant effects on the structure of regional production and trade. Through bilateral trade growth as well as through competition with China in global markets, Southeast Asia's resource-abundant economies will become more intensive in natural resource-based exports and much less so in low-end, labor-intensive manufacturing such as garments. Both these effects will tend to increase demand for natural resources, one through a direct product market effect, the other by driving down the price of a complementary input, low-skill labor. A question that then... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 2004 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12600 |
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| Coxhead, Ian A.. |
| We reconsider some analytical arguments on the double dividend, focusing on the small open developing economy case. Compared with the large, mature industrial economies usually considered, such economies differ in several respects, including the structure of tax revenues, commodity pricing and sectoral factor intensities. While a double dividend from environmentally-motivated taxes is not assured, the range of conditions for its existence seems broader than usually implied. Empirically, the scope for achieving both environmental improvements and diminished excess burden in developing economies may be greater as a side-effect of the reform of existing taxes than from imposition of explicit environmental taxes. |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy. |
| Ano: 2000 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12634 |
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| Punyasavatsut, Chaiyuth; Coxhead, Ian A.. |
| Conventional explanations for the relative decline of agriculture in developing countries stress secular, demand-side phenomena, specifically Engel effects. This view has been challenged by quantitative analyses emphasizing supply-side effects such as differences in factor endowment growth rates. The innovation in this paper is to investigate the extent to which agricultural decline is in fact generated by policies rather than by fundamental preference or endowment shifts. Econometric results using Thai data indicate that policies are strongly influential, but that the direction and strength of influence varies over time. We explore implications for the interpretation of past development strategies and future policy formation. |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy. |
| Ano: 2002 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12659 |
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| Coxhead, Ian A.; Jayasuriya, Sisira. |
| Environmental damage is in reality many different types of phenomena, each with a unique set of causes and characteristics. We present an analytical model identifying intersectoral and interregional links of economy and environment, and explore consequences of trade policy and world price changes. The model contains explicit spatial and institutional features relevant to developing economies. We show that similar trade or policy shocks can have different effects, depending on initial economic structure, trade orientation and policies. Further, when there is more than one sectoral source of environmental damage, a policy or price shock may have unexpected environmental and welfare results. |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 2003 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12691 |
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| Phan, Diep; Coxhead, Ian A.. |
| Vietnam’s economic boom during the transition to a market economy has centered on very rapid growth in some sectors and some provinces, yet poverty has diminished across the entire country. With capital investments highly concentrated by province and sector, geographic labor mobility may be critical in spreading the gains from growth. Conversely, rising income inequality may be attributable in part to impediments to migration. We first use census data to investigate migration patterns and determinants. We then examine the role of migration as an influence on cross-province income differentials. The former analysis robustly confirms economic motives for migration but also suggests the existence of poverty-related labor immobility at the provincial level.... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: International Development. |
| Ano: 2007 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92114 |
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| Coxhead, Ian A.; Jayasuriya, Sisira. |
| Most thinking on poverty and deforestation in developing countries does so in terms of the influence of one on the other, in either direction. However, the two have common determinants in the underlying economic and institutional conditions that set factor and product prices and the incentives for migration and natural resource-depleting activities. These determinants include property rights failures (open access to forest lands) but also 'government failures' in the form of economic policies that indirectly promote deforestation and retard poverty alleviation. A general equilibrium approach permits the analytical identification of the influences that such distortions exert on poverty and deforestation pressures. Using a numerical general equilibrium... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development. |
| Ano: 2002 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12663 |
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| Southgate, Douglas; Coxhead, Ian A.. |
| In Asian-Pacific developing countries, the prevalence of food insecurity has diminished dramatically in the past generation. Despite this, many millions continue to suffer from persistent or periodic food insecurity. The causes of food insecurity are both structural and market-related, including influences of public policy on market operations. The most vulnerable populations are those that simultaneously experience both these forms of insecurity. The places they inhabit tend to have poor-quality land, are exposed to climatic and other environmental risks, or both. These same populations either have relatively weak links with the non-food economy, in which higher wages and better income-earning opportunities make food self-sufficiency less important, or... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Food Security and Poverty; International Development. |
| Ano: 2009 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92221 |
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| Phan, Diep; Coxhead, Ian A.. |
| “Shock therapy” transitions in Eastern Europe facilitated movement of skilled workers into privatized industries offering high wage premia relative to state industries. Other transitional economies (notably China and Vietnam) have been slower to relinquish control over key industries and factor markets. Some costs of this piecemeal approach are now becoming apparent. We examine the spillover of continuing capital market distortions into the market for a complementary factor, skilled labor. Using Vietnamese data we find that capital market segmentation creates a two-track market for skills, in which state sector workers earn high salaries while non-state workers face lower demand and lower compensation. Growth is reduced directly by diminished allocative... |
| Tipo: Working Paper |
Palavras-chave: Labor; Skills; State-owned; Inequality; Wages; Vietnam; International Development; Labor and Human Capital; J31; P23; F16. |
| Ano: 2012 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/124207 |
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| Coxhead, Ian A.; Jayasuriya, Sisira. |
| The rapid growth of China and, more recently, of India, is having major effects on every facet of the global economy. The supply of labor-intensive manufactured exports (from China in particular) has been accompanied by a huge expansion in their imports both of raw materials and of skill-intensive manufactured parts and components. This ‘offshoring’ of intermediates production by large, labor-abundant economies has economic and environmental implications for other developing economies drawn into their trade networks. We sketch a trade-theoretic model showing how the growth of the ‘giants’ generates adjustment pressures on their trading partners and competitors among developing economies. We discuss in particular how differences in relative factor... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; International Development. |
| Ano: 2008 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92208 |
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| Coxhead, Ian A.; Jayasuriya, Sisira. |
| What is the state of the Philippine environment, and what are the links between environment and development in the Philippine setting? In this paper we first review the available data on environmental quality and natural resource degradation in the Philippines. We consider trends over time, and compare the Philippine case with those of its Asian regional neighbors. Second, we present a brief review of theoretical links between environmental quality, resource depletion, and development strategies and outcomes, and consider the Philippine data in light of this theory. Third, we discuss recent economic trends and policy initiatives having a bearing on environment and development, and present some simulation results indicating likely trends in economic and... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development. |
| Ano: 2001 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12643 |
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| Coxhead, Ian A.. |
| With few exceptions, induced innovation theories give little consideration to the role of distortions or externalities as determinants of the commodity or factor biases of innovations demanded by farmers. Nor has the theory devoted much attention to the influence of technical progress, with or without distortions, on the sectoral structure of production. This analysis identifies the demand for innovations as a function of a specific policy setting which conditions and is in turn conditioned by the sectoral structure of production. In this context, when some sectors contribute more than others to land degradation and soil erosion externalities, the capacity for divergence between privately optimal and welfare- maximizing allocations of research resources... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Land Economics/Use. |
| Ano: 1996 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12651 |
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| Coxhead, Ian A.. |
| Economic growth and environmental damage are associated, but the relationship is neither linear nor even monotonic. This is clearly seen in the diverse experiences of tropical Asian economies over recent decades. The nature of the growth-environment link depends on the changing composition of production and on growth-related changes in techniques and environmental policies; the enforcement of property rights over natural resources and over air and water quality is another important element. Moreover, environmental and economic policies interact: in effect, every economic policy that affects resource allocation is a de facto environmental measure. One important implication is that the environmental consequences of major policy shifts, such as the... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy. |
| Ano: 2002 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12650 |
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| Registros recuperados: 25 | |
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