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| Registros recuperados: 12 | |
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| Newby, Jonathan C.; Cramb, Rob A.. |
| Watershed degradation is a major environmental concern in the steeply sloping uplands of the Philippines. Land use in these upland regions is dynamic and there is growing interest in how livelihood strategies bring about land-use change in the uplands, with impacts on other resource users elsewhere in the watershed. The Landcare Program has helped develop conservation farming practices that both mitigate against the degradation process and have a positive impact on farm livelihoods. This paper explores the dynamics of landuse change in upland watersheds in Bohol Province as a basis for evaluating the economic impacts of the Landcare Program. |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Farm Management. |
| Ano: 2007 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10429 |
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| Manivong, Vongpaphane; Cramb, Rob A.; Newby, Jonathan C.. |
| Despite being a low‐income, agriculture‐based country with a subsistence‐orientation, Laos is in the early stages of a major economic transformation whereby rural households have been experiencing rapid change in their farming and livelihood systems. Some households have engaged in what the World Bank classifies as market‐oriented farming while other households have adopted labour‐oriented or migration‐oriented livelihood strategies. This paper explores how rural households in six villages in the lowlands of Champasak Province in southern Laos make a living. These villages vary in their access to irrigation and to markets. Nevertheless, in all villages, long‐term migration of younger household members to neighbouring Thailand has come to play a large role... |
| Tipo: Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Migration; Remittances; Rice intensification; Livelihood strategy; Rural poverty; Laos; Labor and Human Capital. |
| Ano: 2012 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/124337 |
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| Cramb, Rob A.; Catacutan, Delia; Culasero-Arellano, Z.; Mariano, K.. |
| "Landcare" is a group-based approach to the promotion of conservation farming. A case study of the Landcare program in Lantapan in the southern Philippines is presented to assess the farm-level impacts of this approach. The program was successful in promoting the formation of Landcare groups and a municipal Landcare association, resulting in rapid and widespread adoption of conservation practices, particularly among maize farmers. This in turn significantly reduced soil erosion, though the impact on crop yield and income was somewhat delayed. Adoption was thus not motivated primarily by short-term returns but by a concern to reduce soil erosion and provide a basis for diversification into agroforestry. |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Land Economics/Use; Q16; Q24. |
| Ano: 2006 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25370 |
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| Cramb, Rob A.; Ferraro, Deanna. |
| The oil palm boom in Southeast Asia has increased demand for institutional arrangements facilitating large-scale plantation development on customary lands. A financial model of an oil palm plantation in Sarawak, Malaysia, is used to explore six project types, including managed smallholders, three different joint-venture arrangements, renting, and (for comparison) a private plantation on state land. Benefit-cost analysis is used as basis for project, private (shareholder), and stakeholder analyses. There is a trade-off between the efficiency and equity outcomes of the alternative arrangements. While joint venture projects provide higher aggregate net benefits, managed smallholder projects provide more benefits to landholders. When the actual performance of... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Malaysia; Oil palm; Plantation development; Customary tenure; Managed smallholders; Joint ventures; Benefit-cost analysis.; International Development. |
| Ano: 2010 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59072 |
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| Priyanti, Atien; Hanifah, Vyta W.; Mahendri, I.G.A.P.; Cahyadi, F.; Cramb, Rob A.. |
| Despite its small area and intensively cropped landscape, East Java accounts for 30% of Indonesia’s beef cattle population. About two million households draw on family labour to raise cattle in backyard sheds and small enclosures, largely for cash income. The paper reports on a study in two contrasting sites – irrigated lowlands and rainfed uplands – to explore the constraints facing cattle producers in these environments and possible means to enhance their production systems and incomes. In particular, the paper focuses on the issue of feed supply and the local market that has emerged for agricultural by-products (rice straw, maize stover, and legume residues) and planted forage grasses. The research shows that intensive cattle production can provide a... |
| Tipo: Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Smallholders; Beef cattle; Crop by-products; Integrated farming systems; Rural livelihoods; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Livestock Production/Industries. |
| Ano: 2012 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/124411 |
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| Cramb, Rob A.; Sujang, Patrick S.. |
| The dominant view among policy-makers in Sarawak, a resource frontier state in Malaysian Borneo, is that the only viable way to involve smallholders in the oil palm boom that has transformed the agricultural economy of that island is to consolidate them into larger production entities with externally provided management and finance. However, despite lack of government support, the area of smallholder oil palm has increased dramatically in the past decade in those regions with access to roads and palm oil mills. We argue that, once processing infrastructure is in place, oil palm smallholders can readily take advantage of this infrastructure to pursue a profitable livelihood option, with lower cost and greater flexibility than large-scale operations. In this... |
| Tipo: Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Smallholders; Estates; Livelihood strategy; Land policy.; Crop Production/Industries. |
| Ano: 2012 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/124277 |
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| Newby, Jonathan C.; Cramb, Rob A.. |
| In the Philippines, about 38 per cent of the population resides in rural areas where poverty remains a significant problem. In 2006, 47 per cent of all households in Bohol Province fell below the national poverty line, with the percentage even higher in upland communities. These households often exist in marginal landscapes that are under significant pressure from ongoing resource degradation and rising input costs. This paper first explores whether the adoption of Landcare practices in a highly degraded landscape has resulted in improved livelihood outcomes for upland farming families in Bohol. Second, it analyses the potential for the piecemeal adoption of these measures to deliver tangible benefits at the watershed scale. Finally, using a BCA approach,... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Landcare; Philippines; Livelihoods; Poverty; Watershed; ACIAR. |
| Ano: 2009 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48061 |
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| Cramb, Rob A.. |
| The paper examines the evolution of customary land tenure in Sarawak. It first reviews economic theory relating to the evolution of land tenure, then outlines the tenure system of the !ban, the major indigenous group in Sarawak. The impact of the Sarawak state on customary tenure is examined for the Brooke period (1841-1941), the British colonial period (1946-63) and particularly the period since the formation of Malaysia (1963 to present). The paper concludes that both economic and political factors have affected the evolution of property rights to land in Sarawak. |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Land Economics/Use. |
| Ano: 1993 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9588 |
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| Cramb, Rob A.. |
| The formation of social capital is hypothesised to enhance collective efforts for soil conservation. The Landcare Program in the Southern Philippines promotes simple conservation practices in upland environments by supporting community landcare groups and municipal landcare associations, thus augmenting social capital. A study was conducted in 2002 to evaluate the Landcare Program, using a mix of quantitative and qualitative techniques. In this paper the relationship between social capital formation and adoption of soil conservation is investigated. It is concluded that, although membership in a local landcare group was not a major factor in adoption, the Landcare Program as a whole created a valuable stock of bridging social capital, with significant... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy. |
| Ano: 2004 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58398 |
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| Manivong, Vongpaphane; Cramb, Rob A.. |
| In response to demand from China, rubber smallholdings are being established by shifting cultivators in Northern Laos, encouraged by government land-use policy. We examine the economics of smallholder rubber production in an established rubbergrowing village and model the likely expansion of smallholder rubber in Northern Laos. Data were obtained from key informants, group interviews, direct observation, and a farm-household survey. Latex yields were estimated using the Bioeconomic Rubber Agroforestry Support System (BRASS). A financial model was developed to estimate the net present value for a representative rubber smallholding. This model was then combined with spatial data in a Geographical Information System (GIS) to predict the likely expansion of... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Smallholder rubber; Laos; Commercialisation; Bioeconomic modelling; Land-use change; Crop Production/Industries. |
| Ano: 2007 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10380 |
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| Cramb, Rob A.. |
| The formation of social capital is hypothesised to enhance collective efforts for soil conservation. The Landcare Program in the southern Philippines promotes simple conservation practices in upland environments by supporting community landcare groups and municipal landcare associations, thus augmenting social capital. A study was conducted in 2002–2003 to evaluate the Landcare Program, using a mix of quantitative and qualitative techniques. In the present paper, the relationship between social capital formation and adoption of soil conservation in theMunicipality of Lantapan is investigated. It is concluded that the Landcare Program as a whole created a valuable stock of bridging social capital, rapidly accelerating the adoption of contour farming... |
| Tipo: Article |
Palavras-chave: Landcare; Social capital; Soil conservation; The Philippines; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy. |
| Ano: 2005 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118498 |
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| Registros recuperados: 12 | |
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