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| Krupnick, Alan J.; Alberini, Anna; Cropper, Maureen L.; Simon, Nathalie B.; Itaoka, Kenshi; Akai, Makoto. |
| Most benefit-cost analyses of reductions in air pollutants and other pollutants carrying mortality risks rely on estimates of the value of reductions in such risks produced by compensating wage studies, or contingent valuation studies that value risk reductions in the context of transport or job-related accidents. As we argue below, these estimates are inappropriate when valuing risk changes produced by environmental programs. The objectives of this paper are to explain why these estimates are inappropriate and to describe an improved approach to valuing reductions in risk of death from environmental programs, especially programs to reduce air pollution. We have implemented this approach in a pilot study in Tokyo, Japan. The paper provides estimates of the... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Mortality risk valuation; Contingent valuation; Japan; Environmental Economics and Policy. |
| Ano: 1999 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10882 |
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| Krupnick, Alan J.; Alberini, Anna; Cropper, Maureen L.; Simon, Nathalie B.; O'Brien, Bernie; Goeree, Ron; Heintzelman, Martin. |
| Much of the justification for environmental rulemaking rests on estimates of the benefits to society of reduced mortality rates. This research aims to fill gaps in the literature that estimates the value of a statistical life (VSL) by designing and implementing a contingent valuation study for persons 40 to 75 years of age, and eliciting WTP for reductions in current and future risks of death. Targeting this age range also allows us to examine the impact of age on WTP and, by asking respondents to complete a detailed health questionnaire, to examine the impact of health status on WTP. This survey was self-administered by computer to 930 persons in Hamilton, Ontario, in 1999. The survey uses audio and visual aids to communicate baseline risks of death and... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Mortality risk valuation; Canada; Contingent valuation; Age; Health status; Risk and Uncertainty; I1; Q20; Q26. |
| Ano: 2000 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10888 |
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| Itaoka, Kenshi; Krupnick, Alan J.; Akai, Makoto; Alberini, Anna; Cropper, Maureen L.; Simon, Nathalie B.. |
| A contingent valuation survey was conducted in Sizuoka, Japan, to estimate the willingness to pay (WTP) for reductions in the risk of dying and calculate the value of statistical life (VSL) for use in environmental policy in Japan. Special attention was devoted to the effects of age and health characteristics on WTP. We find that the VSLs are somewhat lower (103 to 344 million yen) than those found in the virtually identical survey applied in some developed countries. These values were subject to a variety of validity tests, which they generally passed. We find that the WTP for those over age 70 is lower than that for younger adults, but that this effect is eliminated in multiple regression. Rather, when accounting for other covariates, we find that WTP... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Willingness to pay; Value of statistical life; Mortality risk; Contingent valuation; Age; Risk and Uncertainty. |
| Ano: 2005 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10829 |
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