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| Resplandy, L.; Keeling, R. F.; Eddebbar, Y.; Brooks, M.; Wang, R.; Bopp, L.; Long, Mc; Dunne, J. P.; Koeve, W.; Oschlies, A.. |
| The ocean is the main source of thermal inertia in the climate system. Ocean heat uptake during recent decades has been quantified using ocean temperature measurements. However, these estimates all use the same imperfect ocean dataset and share additional uncertainty due to sparse coverage, especially before 2007. Here, we provide an independent estimate by using measurements of atmospheric oxygen (O-2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) - levels of which increase as the ocean warms and releases gases - as a whole ocean thermometer. We show that the ocean gained 1.29 +/- 0.79 x 10(22) Joules of heat per year between 1991 and 2016, equivalent to a planetary energy imbalance of 0.80 +/- 0.49W watts per square metre of Earth's surface. We also find that the... |
| Tipo: Text |
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| Ano: 2019 |
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00676/78794/81050.pdf |
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| Ishii, M.; Feely, R. A.; Rodgers, K. B.; Park, G. -h.; Wanninkhof, R.; Sasano, D.; Sugimoto, H.; Cosca, C. E.; Nakaoka, S.; Telszewski, M.; Nojiri, Y.; Fletcher, S. E. Mikaloff; Niwa, Y.; Patra, P. K.; Valsala, V.; Nakano, H.; Lima, I.; Doney, S. C.; Buitenhuis, E. T.; Aumont, Olivier; Dunne, J. P.; Lenton, A.; Takahashi, T.. |
| Air-sea CO2 fluxes over the Pacific Ocean are known to be characterized by coherent large-scale structures that reflect not only ocean subduction and upwelling patterns, but also the combined effects of wind-driven gas exchange and biology. On the largest scales, a large net CO2 influx into the extratropics is associated with a robust seasonal cycle, and a large net CO2 efflux from the tropics is associated with substantial interannual variability. In this work, we have synthesized estimates of the net air-sea CO2 flux from a variety of products, drawing upon a variety of approaches in three sub-basins of the Pacific Ocean, i. e., the North Pacific extratropics (18-66 degrees N), the tropical Pacific (18 degrees S-18 degrees N), and the South Pacific... |
| Tipo: Text |
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| Ano: 2014 |
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00192/30320/28789.pdf |
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