| Abstract A new species of Xenurobrycon isdescribed from tributaries of the rio Tapajós, Pará, Brazil. It is diagnosed from all congeners by the dark color of the posterior half of both caudal-fin lobes, the presence of infraorbitals one, two, and three, the presence of a set of lamellar processes on eighth principal caudal-fin ray of mature males, the presence of bony hooks similar in size or decreasing posteriorly on last unbranched and first 9-12 branched anal-fin rays of mature males, the presence of only conical teeth on both jaws, the lack of the adipose fin and the presence of 15-18 predorsal scales. The description of the new species increases the number of species in Xenurobrycon to six. An updated key to the species of the genus is provided. |
