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| Da Silva, A; Le Saux, Jean-claude; Parnaudeau, Sylvain; Pommepuy, Monique; Elimelech, M; Le Guyader, Soizick. |
| Noroviruses, an important cause of gastroenteritis, are excreted by infected individuals and are therefore present in wastewater. We quantified norovirus genogroup I (GI) and GII in wastewater at different locations in France and evaluated removal by a range of treatment types, including basic (waste stabilization pond), current industry standard (activated sludge), and state-of-the-art (submerged membrane bioreactor) treatments. Noroviruses were quantified using real-time reverse transcription-PCR (rRT-PCR). Mengovirus was used as a virus extraction control, and internal controls were used to verify the level of GI and GII rRT-PCR inhibition. A total of 161 (81 influent and 79 effluent) samples were examined; GI and GII were detected in 43 and 88% of the... |
| Tipo: Text |
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| Ano: 2007 |
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2007/publication-3571.pdf |
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