SABIIA - Sistema Aberto e Integrado de Informação em Agricultura (Sabiia)

Kristensen, Erik F.; Elmholt, Susanne.

Mycotoxin producing fungi are naturally occurring components in cereals. When produced, some of the mycotoxins are toxic to humans and animals. Heat treatment is a method to reduce fungal abundance on cereals. The objectives of this work have been to provide more knowledge on this topic, and specifically to optimise the drum drying technique with reference to reducing the dissemination and proliferation of fungi on organically grown rye without reducing the baking quality of the grain. The results show that drum drying can be a very efficient method in reducing fungi colonising on grain. For rye it is possible to achieve high effects on fungi without reducing the baking abilities. When drying at a constant maximum grain temperature of 64°C, the...

URL: http://orgprints.org/26/1/High%2Dtemperature_drying_of_organically_grown_bread_rye.pdf

Palavras-chave: Post harvest management and techniques Buildings and machinery Soil tillage Crop health; Quality; Protection.

Ano: 2002

Soil quality aspects of humid sandy loams as influenced by organic and conventional long-term management

Ecology of the ochratoxin A producing Penicillium verrucosum: Occurrence in field soil and grain with special attention to farming system and on-farm drying practices

Schjønning, Per; Elmholt, Susanne; Munkholm, Lars J.; Debosz, Kasia.

The development of low-input farming systems requires knowledge of the extent to which management characteristics influence the soil as a habitat for micro-organisms and a medium for plant growth. This paper presents a study of long-term effects of organically and conventionally cultivated systems on a range of soil physical, chemical and biological characteristics in Denmark. Seven soils were included, falling into three groups (I¯III). Each group consists of an organically managed soil (Org) referenced by one or two conventionally managed soils (Conv) with the same soil type (sandy loam) and pedological history. All organically managed soils were dairy farm soils (H), which had been organically managed for 46, 47 and 40 years, respectively. They had...

Tipo: Journal paper

Palavras-chave: Composting and manuring; Soil quality; Crop combinations and interactions; Soil tillage; Farming Systems; Soil biology.

Ano: 2002

URL: http://orgprints.org/40/1/manus1.pdf

Improper handling of grain may result in high levels of Ochratoxin A

Mycotoxin contamination of organically grown cereals has been a growing concern during recent years, one of the most important being ochratoxin A (OTA). In countries with a temperate, humid climate, OTA is produced by Penicillium verrucosum and it is crucial to focus on the fungus to obviate problems. This paper presents results to elucidate different aspects of the ecology of P. verrucosum. In a survey of differently farmed soils, P. verrucosum was found in 11 out of 65 soils (35% of the organically and 7% of the conventionally cultivated), these being the first reports of its natural occurrence in soil. Except for two soils it was found with low frequencies (100-300 cfu g dry soil-1), and the results point to home grown seed as a potential risk of soil...

Tipo: Journal paper

Palavras-chave: Crop health; Quality; Protection Food security; Food quality and human health "Organics" in general Farming Systems Production systems Soil biology.

Ano: 2003

URL: http://orgprints.org/21/1/21.pdf

Elmholt, Susanne; Schioldann Haase, Maiken.

The article presents results from a Master's Thesis and gives some advice on how to prevent OTA contamination of grain.

Tipo: Web product

Palavras-chave: Post harvest management and techniques Food security; Food quality and human health Farming Systems.

Ano: 2003

URL: http://orgprints.org/978/1/rettelser.doc

Soil Stresses, Quality and Care

Penicillium - kursus i kornsvampenes biologi

Elmholt, Susanne; Stenberg, Bo; Grønlund, Arne; nuutinen, Visa.

NJF-seminar Soil Stresses, Quality and Care Different people understand differently the word soil. The soil can be looked upon as a body of nature and a part of the landscape. To many people soil is the substrate for plant growth and a prerequisite for food production and wealth. A third and perhaps growingly important view is soil as the physical ground for housings, roads and industry. Soil is important to the whole society, not only for the agricultural sector. Soil has important ecological functions as it interacts with the dead bedrock, the atmosphere, the water, and the living organisms. Important functions are: Biomass producer and transformer Geomembrane, filter and buffer Habitat for living organisms Raw material and building ground...

Tipo: Proceedings

Palavras-chave: Production systems; Research methodology and philosophy; Farming Systems; Composting and manuring; Nutrient turnover; Soil quality; Soil tillage; Soil biology.

Ano: 2000

URL: http://orgprints.org/979/1/MailsamletDJFSE_rettet_Per_Bo.pdf

Dias fra kursuslektion. Kan roteres 90 grader i acrobat reader.

Mykotoksinproducerende svampe på korn

Palavras-chave: Post harvest management and techniques Crop health; Quality; Protection Cereals; Pulses and oilseeds.

Ano: 2002

URL: http://orgprints.org/1147/1/Kornsvampens_biologi.pdf

Gennemgang af vigtigste mykotoksiner på korn, af den OTA dannende P. verrucosum samt af OTA forebyggelse før, under og efter høst

Production of trichothecenes and other secondary metabolites by Fusarium culmorum and F. equiseti on common laboratory media and a soil organic matter agar: An ecological interpretation

Palavras-chave: Post harvest management and techniques Crop health; Quality; Protection Cereals; Pulses and oilseeds.

Ano: 2001

URL: http://orgprints.org/1137/1/SEMark.pdf

Hestbjerg, Helle; Nielsen, Kristian F.; Thrane, Ulf; Elmholt, Susanne.

Fusarium culmorum and F. equiseti were characterized with regard to production of trichothecenes and other secondary metabolites. Results following growth on laboratory media are interpreted with the aim of increasing the understanding of fungal metabolism in the field environment. While trichothecene production was detected for 94 of 102 F. culmorum isolates, only eight of 57 F. equiseti isolates were positive. Profiles of secondary metabolites were compared following growth on Yeast Extract Sucrose agar (YES), Potato Sucrose Agar (PSA) and an agar medium, prepared from Soil Organic Matter (SOM), which was included to simulate growth conditions in soil. SOM supported the production of chrysogine by F. culmorum. The two species utilized the media...

Tipo: Journal paper

Palavras-chave: Post harvest management and techniques Food security; Food quality and human health Biodiversity and ecosystem services Soil biology.

Ano: 2002

URL: http://orgprints.org/29/1/Production_of_trichothecenes_and_other_secondary_metabolites_by_Fusarium_culmorum_and_F._equiseti_.pdf

Forebyg svampegift i korn

Prevention of grain being contaminated with ochratoxin A (OTA)

Svampe i kornlagre - Et forsøg som belyser succession og kunkurrence under forhold der favoriserer forskellige organismer

Palavras-chave: Post harvest management and techniques Crop health; Quality; Protection Cereals; Pulses and oilseeds.

Ano: 2001

URL: http://orgprints.org/1136/1/se.pdf

Pas godt på kornet – både under og efter høst!

Forsøgsvejling til gæster ved Farm4U

Tipo: Web product

Palavras-chave: Post harvest management and techniques Cereals; Pulses and oilseeds.

Ano: 2002

URL: http://orgprints.org/1148/1/Farm4U_forsoegsbeskrivelse.pdf

Korn der ikke er tørret til lagerfasthed kan angribes af svampe. Svampevækst forringer kornets lugt og smag, og svampenes stofskifteprodukter – de såkaldte mykotoksiner - kan gøre dyr og mennesker syge.

Soil structure dynamics: Effects of management and water content

Palavras-chave: Post harvest management and techniques Food security; Food quality and human health Buildings and machinery Crop health; Quality; Protection "Organics" in general.

Ano: 2002

URL: http://orgprints.org/28/1/pas_paa_kornet.pdf

Munkholm, Lars J.; Schjønning, Per; Elmholt, Susanne.

A review is given of the last 5 years research on soil structure dynamics carried out at the Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences. The studies were initiated as part of a large programme focussing on the development of organic farming in Denmark. In organic farming a healthy and living soil is highly valued. Holistic thinking is also a key element in the organic farming concept. In order to integrate a holistic thinking in our soil structure research a multidisciplinary approach was adapted that integrated soil physics, chemistry and microbiology. In addition, soil structure was studied at different levels from undisturbed “whole soil” in the field to specialized reductionistic studies using size separated or remoulded soil in the laboratory. In a...

Effects of band-steaming on microbial activity and abundance in organic farming soil

Palavras-chave: Soil quality; Production systems; Research methodology and philosophy; Soil tillage; Soil biology.

Ano: 2002

URL: http://orgprints.org/52/1/canada.pdf

Elsgaard, Lars; Elmholt, Susanne; Jørgensen, Martin Heide.

Band-steaming of arable soil at 80–90 °C kill off weed seeds prior to crop establishment which allows an extensive intra-row weed control. Here we evaluated the side-effects of in situ band-steaming on soil respiration, enzyme activities, and numbers of culturable bacteria and fungi in an organic field soil. The results showed that mechanical disturbance created by band-steaming could be neglected as a mediator of microbial changes. Also, soil pH and water content was unaffected by band-steaming. Effects of band-steaming on in situ soil respiration and basal respiration, respectively, were insignificant or slightly stimulatory (P < 0.05). Fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis and arylsulfatase activity were significantly (P < 0.001) inhibited by 25 and...

Tipo: Journal paper

Palavras-chave: Soil biology; Biodiversity and ecosystem services.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://orgprints.org/17300/1/Agriculture_Ecosystems_and_Environment_2010.pdf

Kan OTA-dannende lagersvampe inficere kornet i marken?

Elmholt, Susanne; Krogh Mortensen, Gerda.

Artiklen beskriver risiko for OTA dannelse ved brug af inficeret udsæd samt resultater fra en undersøgelse af OTA nedbrydning i jord.

Tipo: Journal paper

Palavras-chave: Post harvest management and techniques Food security; Food quality and human health Farming Systems Soil biology.

Ano: 2003

URL: http://orgprints.org/977/1/fnytt24%2D26.pdf

Giftige svampe i tørringsanlæg

Elmholt, Susanne; Haase, Maiken.

Gode råd om forebyggelse af ochratoksin-dannelse i korn. Rådene er givet på grundlag af undersøgelser af den ochratoksin-dannende svamp Penicillium verrucosum's økologi

Vandindhold vigtigere end temperatur

Palavras-chave: Production systems Crop health; Quality; Protection "Organics" in general Cereals; Pulses and oilseeds.

Ano: 2003

URL: http://orgprints.org/1029/1/susanneogmaiken2003.pdf

Artiklen beskriver et forsøg udført på rug ved forskellige temperaturer og vandindhold

Biotic and abiotic binding and bonding mechanisms in soils with long-term differences in management

Palavras-chave: Post harvest management and techniques.

Ano: 2004

URL: http://orgprints.org/3968/1/3968.pdf

Elmholt, Susanne; Munkholm, Lars J.; Debosz, Kasia; Schjønning, Per.

During the last decades Denmark has experienced a growing interest in low-input farming systems like organic farming. These systems rely on a high soil fertility to maintain nutrient availability and plant health. Soil aggregation contributes to this fertility, because it is crucial to soil porosity, aeration and infiltration of water. This paper reports a study of two pairs of differently managed, neighboring fields. The aim was to elucidate long-term effects of the different farming systems on physical and biological variables with influence on bonding and binding mechanisms of soil aggregation. Each pair consists of an organically grown dairy farm soil, based on a forage crop rotation system, including grass (Org-FCS(G)) and a conventionally managed...

Uhensigtsmæssig kornhåndtering kan give store ochratoksin forekomster - risikoen kan bl.a. forebygges ved tromletørring af kornet

Palavras-chave: Soil quality; Production systems; Soil biology.

Ano: 2000

URL: http://orgprints.org/49/1/manus3ny.pdf

Elmholt, Susanne; Haase, Maiken S.; Kristensen, Erik F..

Der er god grund til at håndtere og opbevare kornet korrekt. En af årsagerne er svampegiften ochratoksin A, som kan dannes i fugtige lommer i kornet. Forsøg har vist, at tromletørring er en meget effektiv metode til at nedsætte mængden af svampesporer i kornet, bl.a. de svampe, der danner ochratoksin.

Tipo: Web product

Palavras-chave: Post harvest management and techniques Production systems Crop health; Quality; Protection Cereals; Pulses and oilseeds.

Ano: 2003

URL: http://orgprints.org/1068/1/foejo_enyt_august_2003.doc

Multi-level assessment of soil quality – linking reductionistic and holistic methodologies

Schjønning, Per; Munkholm, Lars J.; Debosz, Kasia; Elmholt, Susanne.

Soil quality is often used as a qualitative, general term. However, quantification is an important feature of the scientific approach to nature. On the other hand, addressing specific soil parameters as indicators of soil quality includes a reduction of the whole soil system. Therefore, results obtained by specialized methodologies ought to be evaluated by methods integrating the soil characteristics in situ. In this presentation, results are given from an investigation of the tilth of two differently managed loamy soils. One of the soils had been managed for decades with a forage crop system (labeled FCS), which included fertilization with farmyard manure, while the other had been grown with a continuous cereal system (labeled CCS), receiving no input of...