SABIIA - Sistema Aberto e Integrado de Informação em Agricultura (Sabiia)

Smale, Melinda; Zambrano, Patricia; Gruere, Guillaume P.; Falck-Zepeda, Jose Benjamin; Matuschke, Ira; Horna, J. Daniela; Nagarajan, Latha; Yerramareddy, Indira; Jones, Hannah.

Tipo: Report

Palavras-chave: Transgenic Plants; Developing Countries; Research; Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50413

Insecticide Use on Vegetables in Ghana: Would GM Seed Benefit Farmers?

Horna, J. Daniela; Smale, Melinda; Al-Hassan, Ramatu M.; Falck-Zepeda, Jose Benjamin; Timpo, Samuel E..

Tomato, cabbage and garden egg (African eggplant, or Solanum Aethiopicum) are important crops for small-scale farmers and migrants in the rural and peri-urban areas of Ghana. Genetic modification (GM) has the potential to alleviate poverty through combating yield losses from pests and diseases in these crops, while reducing health risks from application of hazardous chemicals. This ex-ante study uses farm survey data to gauge the potential for adoption of genetically-engineered varieties, estimate the potential impact of adoption on farm profits, and highlight economic differences among the three crops. Farmer's expenditures on insecticides are below the economic optimum in all three crops, and the estimated function for damage abatement shows that...

THE DISTRIBUTION OF BENEFITS RESULTING FROM BIOTECHNOLOGY ADOPTION

Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6506

Price, Gregory K.; Lin, William W.; Falck-Zepeda, Jose Benjamin.

The purposes of this study are two-fold: (1) to estimate the size of total benefits arising from the adoption of agricultural biotechnology, and (2) to measure the distribution of total benefits among key stakeholders along the production and marketing chain, including U.S. farmers, gene developers, germplasm suppliers, U.S. consumers, and the producers and consumers in the rest of the world. This study focuses on the benefits that resulted from the adoption of herbicide-tolerant soybeans as well as insect-resistant (Bt) and herbicide-tolerant cotton in 1997. In this analysis, various data sources are examined for measuring the farm-level effects of adopting biotechnology and the resulting benefit estimates are compared. The size and distribution of the...

Risk assessment and management of genetically modified organisms under Australia's Gene Technology Act

Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.

Ano: 2001

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20681

Linacre, Nicholas A.; Falck-Zepeda, Jose Benjamin; Komen, John; MacLaren, Donald.

Compared to both Canada and the United States, Australia has been slow to approve commercial planting of transgenic crops. Two probable reasons exist for the slow approval rate of transgenic crops in Australia. The first reason is community perceptions about the risks associated with transgenic technologies. The second is the regulatory framework currently employed to approve commercial releases. This paper examines some of the potential regulatory issues that may be affecting the review process and approval of transgenic technologies. First we provide a brief introduction to the regulatory structure in Australia, second we consider the impact of regional, national and state jurisdictions, third we argue that the regulator needs to consider the use of...

Tipo: Report

Palavras-chave: Risk assessment; Biotechnology; Environmental risk; Crop Production/Industries.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55414

Vegetable Production and Pesticide Use in Ghana: Would GM Varieties Have an Impact at the Farm Level?

Horna, J. Daniela; Timpo, Samuel E.; Al-Hassan, Ramatu M.; Smale, Melinda; Falck-Zepeda, Jose Benjamin.

The objective of this study is to evaluate pesticide use as an important factor affecting potential adoption and farm level impact of genetically modified (GM) vegetable varieties in Ghana. Tomato is the most consumed vegetable and a food security crop. Cabbage is a vegetable of growing importance but limited cultivation and is produced in urban areas. Garden egg is a native African crop of wide consumption and importance for rural economies. Farm level information was collected in randomly selected sites in southern and central regions of Ghana. Partial budget analysis shows that investments in pesticides are rather low, especially for tomato and garden egg. Analysis of production using an abatement framework shows that insecticide amounts are significant...

Security Analysis for Agroterrorism: Applying the Threat, Vulnerability, Consequence Framework to Developing Countries

Palavras-chave: Farm; Genetically Modified; Ghana; Tomato; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Health Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52182

Linacre, Nicholas A.; Koo, Bonwoo; Rosegrant, Mark W.; Msangi, Siwa; Falck-Zepeda, Jose Benjamin; Gaskell, Joanne; Komen, John; Cohen, Marc J.; Birner, Regina.

In some developing countries the potential exists for agroterrorism to cause widespread disruption through loss of sustenance, income and production. Defense of agriculture may also be problematic because of the lack stability and basic biosecurity infrastructure for the detection and prevention of diseases or invasive species. Currently new methodological approaches for terrorism risk assessments are being actively explored for resource prioritization. One such methodology for risk based allocation of resources is Threat, Vulnerability, and Consequence (TVC) Analysis. A qualitative application of the TVC framework is used to analyze the risk of agroterrorism in developing countries relative to industrialized countries. The analysis suggests that evidence...

Betting on cotton: Potential payoffs and economic risks of adopting transgenic cotton in West Africa

Palavras-chave: Agroterrorism; Terrorism risk analysis; Biosecurity; International Development; International Relations/Trade.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59238

Falck-Zepeda, Jose Benjamin; Horna, J. Daniela; Smale, Melinda.

Cotton is the largest source of export receipts in several West African nations where yields are declining and pesticide use is rising. Although there may be payoffs to introducing genetically modified Bt (Bacillus thurigiensis) cotton, limited information is available to predict its potential economic impact and there is uncertainty about its performance. Recognizing these constraints, we use an economic surplus model augmented with stochastic simulation to estimate ex ante the impact and distribution of benefits from Bt cotton. We consider the effects of adoption on both yields and abating crop damage, and offer scenarios depicting the policy options faced by West African stakeholders. The findings indicate that although the total net benefits of...

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Crop biotechnology; Bt cotton; Economic surplus model; West Africa; Agricultural development; Risk; Crop Production/Industries.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56962

Biofuels and Rural Economic Development in Latin America and the Caribbean

Falck-Zepeda, Jose Benjamin; Msangi, Siwa; Sulser, Timothy B.; Zambrano, Patricia.

Biofuel expansion is seen as a way to reduce dependence on fossil fuels, as an alternative energy source for transportation and other uses, as a way to reduce Green House Gases, and as way to revitalize the agricultural sector. Very little discussions have been focused on Latin America, except for Brazil. Potential negative impacts re-enforce the need of performing more in depth analysis of the potential impact of biofuels expansion in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). Paper estimates biofuels production potential based on current production situation and develops a forward-looking analysis of the long-term impact of biofuels expansion in Latin America and its effects on prices, trade, food security, malnutrition and other indicators using the...

The Cost of Biotechnology Regulation in the Philippines

Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6113

Bayer, Jessica C.; Norton, George W.; Falck-Zepeda, Jose Benjamin.

This paper identifies direct costs and opportunity costs of bio-safety regulation for four transgenic products in the Philippines: Bt eggplant, Bt rice, ringspot-virus resistant papaya, and virus resistant tomatoes. It finds that direct regulatory costs while significant, are generally smaller than the research costs for technology development. However, both research and regulatory costs are overshadowed by even a relatively brief delay in product release, which may occur due to unexpected regulatory delays.

GENES, GERMPLASM AND DEVELOPING COUNTRY ACCESS TO GENETICALLY MODIFIED CROP VARIETIES

Palavras-chave: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6507

Traxler, Greg; Falck-Zepeda, Jose Benjamin; Sain, Gustavo.

Parables: applied economics literature about the impact of genetically engineered crop varieties in developing economies

Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries.

Ano: 2000

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25997

Smale, Melinda; Zambrano, Patricia; Falck-Zepeda, Jose Benjamin; Gruere, Guillaume P..

A vast literature has accumulated since crop varieties with transgenic resistance to insects and herbicide tolerance were released to farmers in 1996 and 1997. A comparatively minor segment of this literature consists of studies conducted by agricultural economists to measure the farm-level impact of transgenic crop varieties, the size and distribution of the economic benefits from adopting them, consumer attitudes toward GE products, and implications for international trade. This paper focuses only on the applied economics literature about the impact of transgenic crop varieties in non-industrialized agricultural systems, with an emphasis on methods. A number of studies have surveyed the findings for both industrialized and non-industrialized agriculture,...

Tipo: Report

Palavras-chave: Genetically engineered crops; Economic impacts; Technology adoption; Developing economies; Economics methods; Best practices; Biotechnology; Crop Production/Industries.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55412

TO REACH THE POOR: RESULTS FROM THE ISNAR-IFPRI NEXT HARVEST STUDY ON GENETICALLY MODIFIED CROPS, PUBLIC RESEARCH, AND POLICY IMPLICATIONS

Atanassov, Atannas; Bahieldin, Ahmed; Brink, Johan; Burachik, Moises; Cohen, Joel I.; Dhawan, Vibha; Ebora, Reynaldo V.; Falck-Zepeda, Jose Benjamin; Herrera-Estrella, Luis; Komen, John; Low, Fee Chon; Omaliko, Emeka; Odhiambo, Benjamin; Quemada, Hector; Peng, Yufa; Sampaio, Maria Jose; Sithole-Niang, Idah; Sittenfeld, Ana; Smale, Melinda; Sutrisno; Valyasevi, Ruud; Zafar, Yusuf; Zambrano, Patricia.

Local farming communities throughout the world face productivity constraints, environmental concerns, and diverse nutritional needs. Developing countries address these challenges in a number of ways. One way is public research that produces genetically modified (GM) crops and recognize biotechnology as a part of the solution. To reach these communities, GM crops, after receiving biosafety agreement, must be approved for evaluation under local conditions. However, gaps between approvals in the developed and developing world grow larger, as the process of advancing GM crops in developing countries becomes increasingly difficult. In several countries, only insect resistant cotton has successfully moved from small, confined experimental trials to larger, open...

Cotton Production in Uganda: Would GM technologies be the Solution?

Palavras-chave: Biosafety; Regulation; Biotechnology; Genetic modification; Public research; Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.

Ano: 2004

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16065

Horna, J. Daniela; Kyotalimye, Miriam; Falck-Zepeda, Jose Benjamin.

The government of Uganda is currently testing the performance of genetically modified (GM) cotton varieties. Cotton is cultivated in Uganda for two main reasons: 1) agro-ecological conditions favor cotton cultivation, and 2) there is a long tradition of cotton cultivation in the country. Two main research questions are addressed in this study: a) would the adoption of genetically modified (GM) cotton benefit Ugandan farmers? b) Would the use of GM seed be more profitable than the low input traditional system or than the organic production system? Stochastic budget analysis is used to address these questions. The results show that estimated values of cotton profitability do not seem to justify the investment in a complex technology. The question then is how...

Analysis for biotechnology innovations using Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA)

Palavras-chave: Stochastic budget analysis; GM cotton; Organic cotton; Agricultural and Food Policy; Production Economics; Risk and Uncertainty; O3; O31; O55.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51823

Lanacre, Nicholas A.; Gaskell, Joanne; Rosegrant, Mark W.; Falck-Zepeda, Jose Benjamin; Quemada, Hector; Halsey, Mark; Birner, Regina.

Meeting the food needs of the world’s growing population while reducing poverty and protecting the environment is a major global challenge. Genetically modified crops appear to provide a promising option to deal with this challenge. However there is a need to make strategic decisions on how to spend limited agricultural research funds in order to achieve a maximum impact with regard to finding sustainable solutions to end hunger and poverty. In international development institutions, there is growing interest in the potential use of Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) as part of a research based Environmental Management System (EMS) to promote mainstreaming of environmental considerations in policy development. SEA was developed as an approach to...

An exploration of the potential benefits of integrated pest management systems and the use of insect resistant potatoes to control the Guatemalan Tuber Moth (Tecia solanivora Povolny) in Ventaquemada, Colombia

Palavras-chave: Risk; Strategic Environmental Assessment; Genetically Modified; GMO; LMO; Living Modified Organisms; Biotechnology; Environmental risk; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58584

Falck-Zepeda, Jose Benjamin; Barreto-Triana, Nancy; Baquero-Haeberlin, Irma; Espitia-Malagon, Eduardo; Fierro-Guzman, Humberto; Lopez, Nancy.

CORPOICA and IFPRI implemented a research project in Ventaquemada, Colombia. The project’s goal was to asses the benefits of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) practices and the potential of Genetically Modified insect resistant (Bt) potatoes to manage damage caused by the Guatemalan Tuber Moth (Tecia solanivora Povolny). The Guatemalan Tuber Moth is particularly destructive because field spraying on the adult stage is ineffective and there exists damage specificity to the tubers. Excessive pesticide sprays have resulted in resistance to several insecticides. Insect resistant (Bt) potatoes has been shown an effective means to control other members of the Tuber Moth complex. Thus a Bt potato may play a role in managing Tecia in Colombia. This is an ex ante...

Tipo: Report

Palavras-chave: Potatoes; Economic aspects; Genetically modified crops; Economic surplus model; Economic impacts; Risk; Research and development; Bt potatoes; Crop Production/Industries.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55416

The Cost of Compliance with Biosafety Regulations in Indonesia and The Philippines

Falck-Zepeda, Jose Benjamin; Yorobe, Jose M., Jr.; Manalo, Abraham; Ramon, Godfrey; Amirsuhin, Bahagiawati; Lokollo, Erna M.; Zambrano, Patricia.

Introducing a Genetically Modified Banana in Uganda: Social Benefits, Costs, and Consumer Perceptions

Palavras-chave: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9947

Kikulwe, Enoch M.; Wesseler, Justus; Falck-Zepeda, Jose Benjamin.

Banana is a staple crop consumed by Ugandan households. The Uganda National Agricultural Research Organization has implemented conventional and biotechnology programs that seek improving bananas and address the crop’s most important pest and disease problems. A major thrust is the development of genetically modified (GM) bananas. The purpose of this paper is to examine potential social welfare impacts of adopting a GM banana in Uganda. The study has three objectives. First, suggest and apply an approach to calculate reversible and irreversible benefits and costs of introducing a GM banana. The study applies a real option approach to estimate, ex ante, the maximum incremental social tolerable irreversible costs (MISTICs) that would justify immediate...

SIZE AND DISTRIBUTION OF MARKET BENEFITS FROM ADOPTING BIOTECH CROPS

Palavras-chave: GM banana; Real option; Choice experiment; Biosafety; MISTICs; Uganda; Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42323

Price, Gregory K.; Lin, William W.; Falck-Zepeda, Jose Benjamin; Fernandez-Cornejo, Jorge.

This study estimates the total benefit arising from the adoption of agricultural biotechnology in one year (1997) and its distribution among key stakeholders along the production and marketing chain. The analysis focuses on three biotech crops: herbicide-tolerant soybeans, insect-resistant (Bt) cotton, and herbicide-tolerant cotton. Adoption of these crops resulted in estimated market benefits of $212.5-$300.7 million for Bt cotton, $231.8 million for herbicide-tolerant cotton, and $307.5 million for herbicide-tolerant soybeans. These benefits accounted for small shares of crop production value, ranging from 2 percent to 5 percent. U.S. farmers captured a much larger share (about a third) of the benefits for Bt cotton than with herbicide-tolerant soybeans...

Tipo: Report

Palavras-chave: Agricultural biotechnology; Distribution of benefits; Bt cotton; Herbicide-tolerant cotton; Herbicide-tolerant soybeans; Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.

Ano: 2003

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33562

The Economic Impact and the Distribution of Benefits and Risk from the Adoption of Insect Resistant (Bt) Cotton in West Africa

Falck-Zepeda, Jose Benjamin; Horna, J. Daniela; Smale, Melinda.

Cotton is the largest source of export receipts of several West African countries. Statistics however show a decreasing tendency in cotton yields and an increasing tendency in pesticide use. Under this circumstances there appear to be potential payoffs from the use of biotechnology products in the farming systems of the region. In this study we estimate different scenarios for the potential deployment of insect resistant cotton in selected countries in West Africa (WA). We use an economic surplus model augmented with a more rigorous sensitivity analysis of model parameters. Hypothetical scenarios of Bt cotton adoption in WA are simulated and single point values of model parameters are substituted with probability distributions. The scenarios include: no...

Plant Genetic Resources for Agriculture, Plant Breeding, and Biotechnology: Experiences from Cameroon, Kenya, the Philippines, and Venezuela

Palavras-chave: Bt cotton; West Africa; Economic surplus; Risk; Probability distributions; Impact assessment; Net benefits; Crop Production/Industries.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42395

Falck-Zepeda, Jose Benjamin; Zambrano, Patricia; Cohen, Joel I.; Borges, Orangel; Guimaraes, Elcio P.; Hautea, Desiree; Kengue, Joseph; Songa, Josephine.

Local farming communities throughout the world face binding productivity constraints, diverse nutritional needs, environmental concerns, and significant economic and financial pressures. Developing countries address these challenges in different ways, including public and private sector investments in plant breeding and other modern tools for genetic crop improvement. In order to measure the impact of any technology and prioritize investments, we must assess the relevant resources, human capacity, clusters, networks and linkages, as well as the institutions performing technological research and development, and the rate of farmer adoption. However, such measures have not been recently assessed, in part due to the lack of complete standardized information...