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| Registros recuperados: 17 | |
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| Bernard, Tanguy; Gabre-Madhin, Eleni Z.; Taffesse, Alemayehu Seyoum. |
| This paper examines the impact of cooperatives on smallholder commercialization of cereals, using detailed household data from rural Ethiopia. We review the involvement of cooperatives, in terms of who participates and where they are located. We then use the strong government role in promoting the establishment of cooperatives to assume that the decision of where to establish a cooperative is largely driven by external considerations, and is thus exogenous to the members themselves justifying the use of propensity-score matching in order to compare households that are cooperative members to similar households in comparable areas without cooperatives. Four conclusions are derived from the analysis. First, despite the spread of cooperatives – they existed in... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Smallholders’ marketing; Cooperatives; Ethiopia; Agribusiness. |
| Ano: 2007 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42377 |
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| Negassa, Asfaw; Myers, Robert J.; Gabre-Madhin, Eleni Z.. |
| This paper discusses a modeling approach that extends and improves the standard parity bounds model (PBM) of spatial market efficiency by analyzing the dynamic effects of marketing policy changes. The model facilitates an improved understanding of the patterns of adjustment in grain marketing efficiency in response to policy changes in two main ways. First, it identifies whether there are statistically significant structural changes in trading regime probabilities as a result of a given marketing policy change. Second, it determines the time path of the response of spatial grain market efficiency to marketing policy changes, thus addressing the issue of how long will it take before the full effect of marketing policy change is realized on spatial grain... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Marketing. |
| Ano: 2003 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16132 |
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| Fafchamps, Marcel; Gabre-Madhin, Eleni Z.; Minten, Bart. |
| Using detailed trader surveys in Benin, Madagascar, and Malawi, this paper investigates the presence of increasing returns in agricultural trade. After analyzing margins, costs, and value added, we find little evidence of returns to scale. Motorized transport is found more cost effective for large loads on longer distances. But transporters pool quantities from multiple traders. Margin rates show little relationship with transaction size. Personal travel costs are a source of increasing returns, but the effect is small. Consequently, total marketing costs are nearly proportional to transaction size. Working and network capital are key determinants of value added. Constant returns to scale in all accumulable factors--working capital, labor, and network... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 2003 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16136 |
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| Gabre-Madhin, Eleni Z.; Haggblade, Steven. |
| Using primary data from a survey of expert opinion, this paper identifies key successes emerging in African agriculture. Among these, major commodity-specific successes identified include breakthroughs in maize breeding across Africa, sustained gains in cassava breeding and successful combat of its disease and pests, control of the rinderpest livestock disease, booming horticultural and flower exports in East and Southern Africa and increased cotton production and exports in West Africa. Using a dynamic analytical framework, the paper attempts to identify key ingredients that appear necessary for building on these individual cases and expanding them into broad-based agricultural growth. |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: International Development. |
| Ano: 2003 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16216 |
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| Negassa, Asfaw; Myers, Robert J.; Gabre-Madhin, Eleni Z.. |
| In the context of on-going market reform in developing countries, there is a need for an improvement in the existing methods of spatial market efficiency analysis in order to better inform the debate toward designing and implementing new grain marketing policies, institutions, and infrastructure that facilitate the emergence of a well developed and competitive grain marketing system. The standard parity bounds model (PBM), while it overcomes many weaknesses of the conventional methods of spatial market efficiency analysis, it does not allow for the test of structural changes in spatial market efficiency as a result of policy changes. In this paper, building on the standard PBM, we develop an extended parity bounds model (EPBM). The EPBM is a stochastic... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Marketing. |
| Ano: 2003 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16133 |
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| Gabre-Madhin, Eleni Z.. |
| This report addresses the overarching question regarding the role of institutions in enhancing market development following market reforms. It uses the New Institutional Economics framework to empirically analyze the role of a specific market institution, that of brokers acting as intermediaries to match traders in the Ethiopian grain market in reducing the transaction costs of search faced by traders. Brokers play a key role in facilitating exchange in a weak marketing environment where limited public market information, the lack of grain standardization, oral contracts, and weak legal enforcement of contracts increase the risk of contract failure. Relying on primary data, it analyzes traders' microeconomic behavior, social capital, the nature and extent... |
| Tipo: Report |
Palavras-chave: Institutional and Behavioral Economics. |
| Ano: 2001 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16540 |
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| Gabre-Madhin, Eleni Z.. |
| Using survey data on traders and brokers in the Ethiopian foodgrain market, this paper reveals that the brokerage institution is critical to market performance in that it enables traders to circumvent the commitment problem of long-distance trade with unknown partners. In the absence of grain standardization, public information, and legal contract enforcement, brokers act as inspectors and guarantors of each transaction. The paper analyzes the sources of commitment failure, the role and functions of brokers and the extent of brokerage use by brokers and argues that agency relations are not based on ethnicity, depend on effective reputation rather than trust, and are structured in an incentive-compatible manner. |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Marketing. |
| Ano: 1999 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/99871 |
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| Fafchamps, Marcel; Gabre-Madhin, Eleni Z.. |
| Based on original trader surveys, this paper examines how agricultural traders operate in Benin and Malawi. Results indicate that the largest transaction costs are search and transport. The use of modern technology is limited. Search methods rely principally on personal visits by the trader, and quality control requires the presence of the trader at the time of purchase. This increases costs, as the trader has to travel a lot, and makes it difficult for trading enterprises to grow. Since enterprises remain very small, personal transport and search time represent a non-negligible share of marketing costs. |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Traders; Transaction costs; Transport; Storage; Search; Marketing. |
| Ano: 2006 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57022 |
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| Gabre-Madhin, Eleni Z.. |
| This paper examines the effect of transaction costs of search on the institution of grain brokers in Ethiopia. Primary data are used to derive traders’ shadow opportunity costs of labor and of capital from IV estimation of net profits. A twostep Tobit model is used in which traders first choose where to trade and then choose whether to use a broker to search on their behalf. The results confirm traders’ individual rationality in choosing brokerage, showing high transaction costs are linked to increased broker use while high social capital reduces broker use. |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Grain; Economic aspects; Grain Prices; Ethiopia; Grain Trade; East Africa; Marketing. |
| Ano: 1999 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97388 |
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| Gabre-Madhin, Eleni Z.; Johnson, Bruce F.. |
| In most countries in sub-Saharan Africa at present, the majority of the population is engaged in agriculture, with economies in the very early stages of structural transformation - the process whereby a predominantly agrarian economy is transformed into a diversified and productive economy dominated by manufacturing and services. These countries are characterized by low levels of farm productivity, limited growth of non-farm employment and high rates of population growth. This paper focuses on the factors involved in fostering a country’s structural transformation. This process of transformation has many dimensions. Among these we emphasize interactions between four factors: increased agricultural productivity, rural industrialization, the expansion of... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Sub-Saharan Africa; Industrialization; Developing Countries; East Asia; International Development. |
| Ano: 1999 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97383 |
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| Jabbar, Mohammad A.; Benin, Samuel; Gabre-Madhin, Eleni Z.; Paulos, Zelekawork. |
| In this paper, performance of a sample of 131 livestock traders in 38 rural Ethiopian highland markets was analysed in terms of their costs and margins, how these were influenced by their assets and trading practices, and the implications of the findings for policy were outlined. The paper is divided into three main sections: description of the profiles of traders, their assets, trading behaviour and practices; estimates of costs and margins for a set of recent transactions; and econometric analysis of the factors explaining differences in performance with a particular focus on transaction costs. Most traders used own capital as access to credit, especially formal credit, was limited. The livestock market was characterised by non-standardised products and... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Livestock Production/Industries; Marketing; D4; L1; O1; Q13. |
| Ano: 2006 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25680 |
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| Registros recuperados: 17 | |
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