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| Registros recuperados: 20 | |
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| Gale, H. Frederick, Jr.. |
| "High-income" households in China had per-capita disposable incomes of just $2,637 during 2003, but their ownership of consumer durable goods suggests a standard of living putting them in the "middle class." Their expenditures on food away from home were sharply higher than those of other urban households. Quantities of beverages, dairy products, and poultry products purchased for at-home consumption were also significantly higher, but purchases of most other food products were only marginally higher. Higher per-unit expenditures for most items reflect greater demand for quality by high-income households. |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Consumer/Household Economics; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety. |
| Ano: 2006 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/8567 |
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| Lohmar, Bryan; Gale, H. Frederick, Jr.; Tuan, Francis C.; Hansen, James M.. |
| Thirty years ago, China began implementing a series of reforms to improve efficiency in agricultural production. These, and subsequent, reforms reshaped China’s position in the world economy. China’s rapid economic development and transformation from a planned to a market-oriented economy, however, has reached a stage where further efficiency gains in agricultural production will likely hinge on the development of modern market-supporting institutions. The development of market-supporting institutions in China will bring about long-term and sustainable benefits to producers and consumers in China and the global agricultural economy. This report provides an overview of current issues in China’s agricultural development, policy responses to these issues, and... |
| Tipo: Report |
Palavras-chave: China; Economic reform; Economic development; Agricultural production; Agricultural trade; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; Production Economics. |
| Ano: 2009 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58316 |
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| Somwaru, Agapi; Diao, Xinshen; Gale, H. Frederick, Jr.; Tuan, Francis C.. |
| This study examines the rural labor market in China based on the country's first national agricultural census. The analysis highlights distinct differences of employment by age, gender, educational level, size of the household, and size of land holdings. We use a generalized polytomous logits (GPL) framework to analyze the patterns of rural labor employment, capture the dynamic trends of the rural labor force, and gauge rural migration. The estimation results, based on more than 4 million records of rural persons, indicate that the land size followed by the education level and age are the main factors affecting the chances of rural labor force by employment categories. |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Labor and Human Capital. |
| Ano: 2001 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20459 |
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| Gale, H. Frederick, Jr.; McGranahan, David A.; Teixeira, Ruy; Greenberg, Elizabeth. |
| Establishments in metropolitan and nonmetropolitan locations are surprisingly similar in their adoption of new technologies, worker skill requirements, use of government programs and technical assistance, exports, and sources of financing, according to the results of a nationwide survey of 3,909 manufacturing businesses. The most widespread concern of both metro and nonmetro businesses appears to be with quality of labor. Survey respondents report rapidly increasing skill requirements, and many report problems finding qualified workers. Quality of local labor is the most frequently cited problem associated with nonmetro business locations. Access to credit, transportation, and telecommunications infrastructure is a problem of secondary importance for both... |
| Tipo: Report |
Palavras-chave: Rural manufacturing; Sample survey; Worker skills; Manufacturing location; Credit availability; Technology adoption; Community/Rural/Urban Development. |
| Ano: 1999 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/34077 |
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| Gale, H. Frederick, Jr.; Huang, Kuo S.. |
| As their incomes rise, Chinese consumers are changing their diets and demanding greater quality, convenience, and safety in food. Food expenditures grow faster than quantities purchased as income rises, suggesting that consumers with higher incomes purchase more expensive foods. The top-earning Chinese households appear to have reached a point where the income elasticity of demand for quantity of most foods is near zero. China’s food market is becoming segmented. The demand for quality by high-income households has fueled recent growth in modern food retail and sales of premium-priced food and beverage products. Food expenditures and incomes have grown much more slowly for rural and low-income urban households. |
| Tipo: Report |
Palavras-chave: China; Food; Consumption; Demand; Income; Elasticities; Engel curve; Households; Rural; Urban; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety. |
| Ano: 2007 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7252 |
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| Gale, H. Frederick, Jr.; Tang, Ping; Bai, Xianhong; Xu, Huijun. |
| Rural households in China have traditionally consumed food mostly grown on their own farms. While they continue to rely on self-produced grains, vegetables, meats, and eggs for a large portion of their diet, rural households are now purchasing more of their food as they enter the mainstream of the Chinese economy. Cash purchases of food by rural Chinese households increased 7.4 percent per year from 1994 to 2003. Consumption has shifted from self-produced to purchased food at a rate faster than can be explained by income growth or changes in other household characteristics. The move away from self-produced food is associated with lower consumption of staple grains, the most important self produced food in rural Chinese diets. Food consumed away from home... |
| Tipo: Report |
Palavras-chave: China; Food; Consumption; Expenditures; Rural; Commercialization; Subsistence agriculture; Engel analysis; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety. |
| Ano: 2005 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7256 |
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| Gale, H. Frederick, Jr.; Foreman, Linda F.; Capehart, Thomas C., Jr.. |
| Public health policies intended to reduce the incidence of smoking-related disease adversely affect thousands of tobacco farmers, manufacturers, and other businesses that produce, distribute, and sell tobacco products. This report assesses the likely impacts of declining tobacco demand, and identifies the types of workers, farms, businesses, and communities that are most vulnerable to loss of tobacco income and jobs. The dollar impact on the farm sector of a reduction in cigarette demand will be smaller than that experienced by manufacturing, wholesale, retail, and transportation businesses, but tobacco farms and their communities may have the most difficulty adjusting. Many tobacco farmers lack good alternatives to tobacco, and they have tobacco-specific... |
| Tipo: Report |
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries. |
| Ano: 2000 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/34007 |
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| Gale, H. Frederick, Jr.. |
| Advanced technology use is less prevalent in rural than in urban manufacturing plants, but plants of comparable size in the same industry use about the same level of technology, regardless of urban/rural location. The rural gap comes about because the mix of rural industries is more heavily weighted with "low-technology" industries. Both rural and urban businesses rate inadequate worker skills as the most important barrier to use of new production technologies and management practices, while lack of knowledge is the chief barrier to use of telecommunications technology. Rural and urban businesses have similar access to technical assistance, skilled labor, and capital. Rural manufacturers report more problems with employee turnover and infrastructure than... |
| Tipo: Report |
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies. |
| Ano: 1997 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33709 |
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| Gale, H. Frederick, Jr.. |
| Farm-level data are used to estimate equations explaining the probability of bidding and the level of the bid for the 1986 Dairy Termination Program. Participation was attractive to older farmers, to those who were not planning to transfer the farm to a family member, to less experienced farmers, and to those using less sophisticated management techniques. Schooling, off-farm work, and nonfarm experience did not have significant effects. The participation pattern suggests that the long-term effects of the program on milk supply are small. |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Farm Management. |
| Ano: 1990 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/29912 |
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| Registros recuperados: 20 | |
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