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| Registros recuperados: 20 | |
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| Gardner, Bruce L.. |
| Policy research is valuable as a source of information for decisionmakers. The value of research is the expected social gain from policy decisions influenced by the information generated. The gain from a decision depends on choosing the best policy given the state of the world, which is uncertain. The output of policy research is a conclusion about that state. Taking a Bayesian approach, the ex ante value of a research program is estimated from information about decisionmakers’ prior probabilities of the state of the world and the likelihood of correct and incorrect research findings. Case studies of U.S. agricultural policy research cover consequences of trade liberalization, farm commodity program analysis, effects of publicly supported commodity... |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods. |
| Ano: 1999 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48651 |
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| Gardner, Bruce L.; Lerman, Zvi. |
| Cooperative enterprise has appeal as a means of filling gaps in the economic institutions of the rural sectors of the transition economies of Central and Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union. But in addition to problems that have faced cooperatives in the West because of their inherent characteristics, the Soviet-era legacy created cultural burdens that cooperatives will have to overcome. A review of countries’ experiences since 1989 indicates some commonalities in attempts to create “new cooperatives,” but also instructive differences across countries. The evidence so far is unfavorable for cooperatives in agricultural production. In marketing and input supply the current situation is more promising. In both production and marketing, the economic... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness. |
| Ano: 2006 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7174 |
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| Gardner, Bruce L.. |
| U.S. and Canadian agricultural support policies for grains are reviewed, focusing on changes since 1995. Estimates of effects on acreage and production from the literature and from acreage data for the U.S. are estimated. Likely further effects of the U.S. 2002 Farm Act are discussed, including discussion of the likelihood of breaching Uruguay Round Agricultural Agreement limits for domestic support in the WTO. |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy. |
| Ano: 2002 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28577 |
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| Gardner, Bruce L.. |
| The 2002 Farm Act is used as a case study of three problematic considerations related to economists' role in policy issues: priority on economic efficiency versus income distribution, the role of benefit-cost analysis, and appropriate policies given market power of agribusiness. The results of the 2002 Act relevant to each of these issues have been widely criticized, raising questions about the effectiveness of economists' involvement. However, given the uncertainties about many key program effects, criticisms of the Act are themselves in question. In this context, the role of economists is seen analytically as generating information for Bayesian decision makers, and practically as gaining attention for that information in the political process. |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy. |
| Ano: 2002 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31386 |
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| Barichello, Richard R.; Harvey, David R.; Barkley, Paul W.; Offutt, Susan E.; Blandford, David; Sutton, John; de Gorter, Harry; Webb, Alan J.; Gardner, Bruce L.; Webb, Shu-Eng. |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 1988 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49871 |
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| Gardner, Bruce L.. |
| Metropolitan agriculture is economically important, especially in the Northeast. While faced with substantial economic and regulatory obstacles, commercial farming in urban areas is surviving and even prospering. In terms of standard models of agriculture in economic development, this is a puzzle. But more detailed, spatial economic models indicate how labor-intensive production of perishable commodities in urbanized areas can make economic sense, especially when coupled with environmental amenities that farming generates for nonfarm people. At the same time, environmental disamenities of agriculture are larger in densely populated areas. The political economy outcomes have tended to be favorable to continued farming, albeit with increased regulation.... |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development. |
| Ano: 1994 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31321 |
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| Gardner, Bruce L.. |
| American farmers have gained substantially from agricultural trade, despite the competition posed for producers of imported commodities. Because of U.S. comparative advantage in most agricultural products, the farm sector would be smaller and farmers would be poorer with reduced trade. Evidence indicates that in the 1990s, each dollar of additional export sales is worth about 40 cents in additional net farm income. Two crucial elements in future export growth are continued productivity gains and further reductions in barriers to agricultural trade around the world. The two are linked in farm income determination, in that elastic demand is important for productivity gains to translate to farm income growth. |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Agricultural exports; Farm income; GATT; Productivity; International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 2000 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14699 |
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| Gardner, Bruce L.. |
| This paper investigates the sources of growth in agricultural value-added (GDP) and rural household incomes using a sample of developing countries. The main factors are: (i) providing macroeconomic and political stability; (ii) institutions establishing property rights and incentives; (iii) access to competitive input markets and remunerative output markets; and (iv) adoption of productivity-enhancing technology, and (v) real income growth in the non-agricultural economy. The evidence indicates a surprisingly large role of the fifth of these. |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development. |
| Ano: 2003 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28559 |
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| Smith, Rodney B.W.; Gardner, Bruce L.. |
| This paper attempts to improve our understanding of the effects of market prices on cattle marketing decisions, using futures prices as measures of unobserved price expectations. This approach has been used successfully in explaining feeder cattle placements, but not in marketings. Our aim is to provide empirical evidence on an unresolved issue in cattle marketing, the differential effects of the current price and near-term price expectations. When the cash price of fed cattle rises, the higher returns from current sales encourage increased marketings; yet, if the price is expected to remain high it may pay to feed cattle longer, holding them back from current marketing. By estimating marketings as a function of cash and futures prices simultaneously... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Livestock Production/Industries; Marketing. |
| Ano: 1993 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13444 |
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| Gardner, Bruce L.; Lerman, Zvi. |
| Cooperative enterprise has appeal as a means of filling gaps in the economic institutions of the rural sectors of the transition economies of Central and Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union. But in addition to problems that have faced cooperatives in the West because of their inherent characteristics, the Soviet-era legacy created cultural burdens that cooperatives will have to overcome. A review of countries’ experiences since 1989 indicates some commonalities in attempts to create “new cooperatives,” but also instructive differences across countries. The evidence so far is unfavorable for cooperatives in agricultural production. In marketing and input supply the current situation is more promising. In both production and marketing, the economic... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness. |
| Ano: 2006 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44674 |
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| Registros recuperados: 20 | |
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