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| Pinheiro,Simone H.; Zangrossi-Jr.,Hélio; Del-Ben,Cristina M.; Graeff,Frederico G.. |
| This article reviews reported results about the effects of drugs that act upon the serotonergic neurotransmission measured in three elevated mazes that are animal models of anxiety. A bibliographic search has been performed in MEDLINE using different combinations of the key words X-maze, plus-maze, T-maze, serotonin and 5-HT, present in the title and/or the abstract, with no time limit. From the obtained abstracts, several publications were excluded on the basis of the following criteria: review articles that did not report original results, species other than the rat, intracerebral drug administration alone, genetically manipulated rats, and animals having any kind of experimental pathology. The reported results indicate that the effect of drugs on the... |
| Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
Palavras-chave: Animal model; Elevated maze; Anxiety; Panic; Serotonin. |
| Ano: 2007 |
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0001-37652007000100010 |
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| Graeff,Frederico G.; Garcia-Leal,Cybele; Del-Ben,Cristina M.; Guimarães,Francisco S.. |
| A bibliographic search has been performed in MEDLINE using cortisol and panic as key-words, occurring in the title and/or in the abstract. Human studies were selected, with no time limit. The following publications were excluded: reviewarticles, case reports, panic attacks in disorders other than panic disorder, and studies on changes that occurred in-between panic attacks. The results showed that real-life panic attacks as well as those induced by selective panicogenic agents such as lactate and carbon dioxide do not activate the hypothalamicpituitary- adrenal (HPA) axis. Agonists of the colecystokinin receptor B, such as the colecystokinin-4 peptide and pentagastrin, increase stress hormones regardless of the occurrence of a panic attack and thus, seem... |
| Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
Palavras-chave: Stress hormones; Panic attack; Anxiety. |
| Ano: 2005 |
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0001-37652005000300009 |
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| Shuhama,Rosana; Del-Ben,Cristina M.; Loureiro,Sônia R.; Graeff,Frederico G.. |
| Anxiety disorders are classified according to symptoms, time course and therapeutic response. Concurrently, the experimental analysis of defensive behavior has identified three strategies of defense that are shared by different animal species, triggered by situations of potential, distal and proximal predatory threat, respectively. The first one consists of cautious exploration of the environment for risk assessment. The associated emotion is supposed to be anxiety and its pathology, Generalized Anxiety Disorder. The second is manifested by oriented escape or by behavioral inhibition, being related to normal fear and to Specific Phobias, as disorders. The third consists of disorganized flight or complete immobility, associated to dread and Panic Disorder.... |
| Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
Palavras-chave: Defense strategies; Basic emotions; Anxiety disorders. |
| Ano: 2007 |
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0001-37652007000100012 |
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