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| Registros recuperados: 33 | |
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| Gray, Richard S.. |
| This paper examines the larger economic forces that shape multilateral trade agreements and concludes that further WTO trade reform in the grain and oilseed sectors will be difficult to achieve. The somewhat successful Uruguay Round had budget and internal reform pressure to assist the process. The United States currently has large budget surpluses, and efficiency effects from policy reform following the Uruguay Round have reduced the possible gains from further domestic reform. Without these pressures, further negotiated reform in the grain and oilseed sectors is a remote possibility. On the other hand, there are good prospects for a multilateral environmental agreement on climate change. Ratification of a climate change agreement could have a large... |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Carbon sequestration; Food security; Grain; Kyoto Accord; Oilseed; International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 2001 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23856 |
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| Gray, Richard S.; Harper, Deborah; Highmoore, T.. |
| This paper was presented at the INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS SYMPOSIUM in Auckland, New Zealand, January 18-19, 2001. The Symposium was sponsored by: the International Agricultural Trade Research Consortium, the Venture Trust, Massey University, New Zealand, and the Centre for Applied Economics and Policy Studies, Massey University. Dietary changes, especially in developing countries, are driving a massive increase in demand for livestock products. The objective of this symposium was to examine the consequences of this phenomenon, which some have even called a "revolution." How are dietary patterns changing, and can increased demands for livestock products be satisfied from domestic resources? If so, at what cost? What will be the flow-on... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Production Economics. |
| Ano: 2001 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14568 |
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| Gray, Richard S.; Smith, Vincent H.. |
| The United States and Canada share the longest common border and largest bilateral trading relationship in the world. Recent trading agreements--CUSTA, NAFTA and WTO--have enhanced trade by encouraging elimination of many remaining trade barriers. However, one cause for concern about the effectiveness of these trade agreements has been the frequency of Canadian-U.S. trade disputes over bilateral wheat and barley trade arrangements and trade flows. To some extent, these disputes have arisen because of differences in and lack of harmonization between the domestic and trade policies implemented by the two countries, although other political factors have also clearly been important causes of these disagreements. Since 1986, many dimensions of the agricultural... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Agricultural policy; Harmonization and convergence; Grains; Oilseeds; International Relations/Trade; Q1. |
| Ano: 1997 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/29163 |
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| Schmitz, Troy G.; Gray, Richard S.. |
| According to the U.S. General Accounting Office, the Canadian Wheat Board (CWB) is the largest state trading enterprise reporting to the World Trade Organization under article XVII requirements. This study estimates the market power exerted by the CWB in international barley markets. The analysis incorporates international price discrimination across markets for similar types of barley, the intertwining relationships between feed and malting barley markets, and producer behavior in the absence of the CWB. The CWB was able to capture an annual average of $72 million in additional revenue beyond the amount that would have been generated by purely competitive multiple sellers of Canadian barley during the period 1985-94. |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Marketing. |
| Ano: 2000 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30897 |
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| Malla, Stavroula; Gray, Richard S.. |
| The study examines the incentives and incidence of private R&D investment in the today's biotech industry. A three-stage search/imperfect competition model is developed to derive the optimal pricing and investment decisions of private firms and to develop conjectures about how these decisions are affected by exogenous factors. The analysis shows that basic public research "crowds in" applied private research while applied public research "crowds out" applied private research. The current technology level and the cost of the experimentation negatively affect private investment, while the price of the final product positively affects the private investment. Moreover, the greater the product heterogeneity, the higher the price charged with the same... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies. |
| Ano: 2001 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20544 |
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| Gray, Richard S.; Malla, Stavroula; Tran, Kien C.. |
| The study uses firm-specific data in the biotech canola industry to empirically examine research spillovers among public and private firms at the level of research output, research sales revenue, and research social revenue. The non-pecuniary spillovers that are examined include basic research, human capital/ knowledge (as measured through other-firm expenditures) and genetics (as measured through yields of other-firms). The results provide strong empirical evidence of several research spillovers in the biotech crop research industry such as: basic and applied public research creates a positive spillover for private firms at all levels; applied expenditure within-group reduces other-firm revenue while between-group expenditure increases revenue; genetic... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness. |
| Ano: 2003 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/22137 |
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| Alston, Julian M.; Gray, Richard S.. |
| Canada and the United States have used different trade policies to support their wheat industries. Canada conferred sole export powers to the Canadian Wheat Board, allowing it to price discriminate among markets. The U.S. government has funded transfers to its wheat producers from taxpayers, instead, through export subsidies. This study compares these two ways of supporting producers in terms of their transfer efficiency and overall deadweight losses, the incidence on different domestic interest groups, and their consequences for third party traders. In the analysis we consider the implications of market power of wheat marketing firms for the comparison of policy alternatives in the context of the Canadian wheat industry. |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 2000 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30834 |
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| Gray, Richard S.; Malla, Stavroula; Tran, Kien C.. |
| This paper develops an empirical framework for estimating a number of inter-firm and downstream research spillovers in the canola crop research industry. The spillovers include basic research, human capital/ knowledge (as measured through other-firm expenditures), and genetics (as measured through yields of other-firms). The model used to examine spillover effects on research productivity provides evidence that there are many positive inter-firm non-pecuniary research spillovers, which is consistent with a research clustering effect. The second model, which examines spillovers at the level of firm revenue , shows that, while private firms tend to crowd one another, public firm expenditure on basic and applied research creates a crowding-in effect for... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Basic research; Applied research; Public research expenditures; Private research expenditures; Biotechnology; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; O3. |
| Ano: 2005 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24776 |
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| Gray, Richard S.; Sumner, Daniel A.; Alston, Julian M.; Brunke, Henrich. |
| The California pistachio industry led an initiative to establish a federal marketing order, which mandates quality standards and an inspection program to assure food safety and consistency in the quality of California pistachios. We develop a stochastic dynamic simulation model of the pistachio market to investigate quantitatively the likely effects of such collective action enforced by government mandates. Simulation results indicate that, across the full range of parameters used in the analysis, the benefit-cost analysis was always favorable to the proposed policy. The measured benefits to producers, the nation, or the world always well exceeded the corresponding measure of costs, typically by many times. |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety. |
| Ano: 2004 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20031 |
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| Registros recuperados: 33 | |
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