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| Registros recuperados: 59 | |
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| Smith, Lisa C.; Haddad, Lawrence James. |
| This paper draws on the experience of the 1970-95 period to (1) elucidate some of the main causes of child malnutrition in developing countries; (2) undertake projections of how many children are likely to be malnourished in the year 2020 given current trends; and (3) identify priority actions for reducing malnutrition the most quickly in the coming decades. The analysis is based on country fixed-effects multivariate regression using data from 63 countries. The paper finds four "underlying" determinants to be key factors: health environments, women's education, women's relative status, and per capita food availability. Two "basic" determinants are also found to be important: per capita national incomes and democracy. Due to data scarcities, the role of... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Food Security and Poverty. |
| Ano: 1999 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94515 |
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| Adato, Michelle; Haddad, Lawrence James. |
| Since the transition to democracy, South African public works programs are to involve community participation, and be targeted to the poor and women. This paper examines the targeting performance of seven programs in Western Cape Province, and analyzes the role of government, community-based organizations, trade unions, and the private sector in explaining targeting outcomes. These programs were not well-targeted geographically in terms of poverty, unemployment, or infrastructure. Within localities, jobs went to the poor and unemployed, though not always the poorest. They did well in reaching women, despite local gender bias. Targeting guidelines of the state are mediated by diverse priorities that emerge in programs with multiple objectives, local... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Food Security and Poverty. |
| Ano: 2001 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16458 |
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| Meinzen-Dick, Ruth Suseela; Adato, Michelle; Haddad, Lawrence James; Hazell, Peter B.R.. |
| Agricultural research has greatly increased the yields of important staple food crops, and for many people this has meant more food availability and trade opportunities. Yet many people in rural areas in developing countries still live in abject poverty. Therefore, policymakers, donors, and researchers are refocusing their priorities away from simply producing more food to making sure that agricultural research benefits the poor in particular. How can we ensure that new agricultural technologies are appropriate for the different groups of people who most need assistance? Furthermore, how can we assess whether these new technologies actually reduce poverty? This report provides valuable answers by synthesizing lessons learned from seven case studies from... |
| Tipo: Report |
Palavras-chave: Food Security and Poverty; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies. |
| Ano: 2004 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42566 |
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| Haddad, Lawrence James; Gillespie, Stuart. |
| The impact of human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) on people’s lives and on development is staggering. Millions have died and livelihoods have been devastated, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa. Agriculture and natural resources are important components of such livelihoods. And the nutritional status of those infected and affected plays a large part in determining their current welfare and their ability to further develop their livelihoods towards activities that help to mitigate the impacts of AIDS and prevent the spread of HIV. This paper first reviews the potential pathways through which HIV/AIDS affects assets and institutions generally and then the specific impacts on agriculture, natural resource management,... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Health Economics and Policy. |
| Ano: 2001 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16397 |
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| Haddad, Lawrence James; Bhattarai, Saroj; Immink, Maarten; Kumar, Shubh K.. |
| Data from Ethiopia, the Philippines, and Pakistan are used in this paper to examine the complex interaction of illness and lack of food on malnutrition rates among preschool children. The paper finds that when diarrhea is prevalent, the effects of food shortages on malnutrition are worse, and when food is scarce, the effects of diarrhea on malnutrition are worse. Policymakers not only must aim to increase incomes and food consumption, but also to assure access to health care, clean water, and sanitation. |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Food Security and Poverty. |
| Ano: 1996 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16234 |
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| Quisumbing, Agnes R.; Haddad, Lawrence James; Pena, Christine. |
| This paper presents new evidence on the proportion of women in poverty in ten developing countries. It compares poverty measures for males and females and male- and female-headed households, and investigates the sensitivity of these measures to the use of per-capita and per-adult equivalent units and different definitions of the poverty line. While poverty measures are higher for female-headed households and for females, the differences are significant in only a fifth to a third of the datasets. Due to their low population share, the contribution of female-headed households to aggregate poverty is less than that of females. Stochastic dominance analysis reveals that differences between male- and female-headed households, and between males and females, are... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Food Security and Poverty; Labor and Human Capital. |
| Ano: 2001 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16439 |
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| Haddad, Lawrence James; Ruel, Marie T.; Garrett, James L.. |
| The population of the developing world is becoming more urban. Are poverty and undernutrition beginning to relocate to urban areas as well? We use survey data on poverty (from 8 countries) and on child undernutrition (from 14 countries) to address this question. Using data from the past 15-20 years, we find that in a majority of countries the absolute number of poor and undernourished individuals living in urban areas has increased, as has the share of poverty and undernourishment coming from urban areas. Given these trends and the current stock of knowledge as to the levels, determinants, and solutions to urban poverty and undernutrition, we argue for more research on these issues. |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Food Security and Poverty. |
| Ano: 1999 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94522 |
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| Chung, Kimberly; Haddad, Lawrence James; Ramakrishna, Jayashree; Riely, Frank Z.. |
| This paper reports on two methods used for identifying alternative indicators of chronic and acute food insecurity. A need for alternative indicators exists since many of the "benchmark" or "gold standard" indicators (such as household income or dietary intake) are too cumbersome to be of practical use in food aid targeting. The ideal alternative indicator should be statistically reliable, yet straightforward to collect and analyze. The study uses data collected in four villages in the Indian Semi-Arid Tropics to illustrate two methods for identifying the alternative indicators. A qualitative methodology included ethnographic case studies of at-risk households, participatory mapping of vulnerable households within a community, food charts, and seasonality... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Food Security and Poverty. |
| Ano: 1997 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42666 |
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| Maluccio, John A.; Haddad, Lawrence James; May, Julian. |
| The goal of this paper is to determine the nature of the causal relationship between "social capital," as measured by household membership in formal and informal groups and household welfare in South Africa. Using a recently collected panel data set in South Africa's largest province, we estimate per capita expenditure functions and find a positive and significant impact of household-level social capital. For example, after controlling for fixed effects, social capital has no impact on per capita expenditure in 1993 but positive and significant effects in 1998. We interpret this as reflecting structural changes in the South African economy as it removes the many restrictions that underlay apartheid. |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Labor and Human Capital. |
| Ano: 1999 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94849 |
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| Meinzen-Dick, Ruth Suseela; Adato, Michelle; Haddad, Lawrence James; Hazell, Peter B.R.. |
| The extent to which agricultural research has reduced poverty has become an increasing concern of policymakers, donors, and researchers. Until recently, poverty reduction was a secondary goal of agricultural research. The primary focus was on increasing food supplies and reducing food prices, a strategy that was successful in increasing the yields of important food staples. When increased productivity is combined with increased agricultural employment, lower food prices, and increased off-farm employment, agricultural research can be credited with significant reductions in rural poverty. However, these benefits do not necessarily materialize, and thus it is essential to understand how agricultural technologies influence and are influenced by the diverse... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Poverty; Agricultural research; Sustainable livelihoods; Vulnerability; Agricultural extension; Bangladesh; China; India; Mexico; Kenya; Zimbabwe; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies. |
| Ano: 2003 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16088 |
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| Registros recuperados: 59 | |
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