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| Waelbroeck, C.; Paul, A.; Kucera, M.; Rosell-mele, A.; Weinelt, M.; Schneider, R.; Mix, A. C.; Abelmann, A.; Armand, L.; Bard, E.; Barker, S.; Barrows, T. T.; Benway, H.; Cacho, I.; Chen, M. T.; Cortijo, E.; Crosta, X.; De Vernal, A.; Dokken, T.; Duprat, J.; Elderfield, H.; Eynaud, F.; Gersonde, R.; Hayes, A.; Henry, M.; Hillaire-marcel, C.; Huang, C. C.; Jansen, E.; Juggins, S.; Kallel, N.; Kiefer, T.; Kienast, M.; Labeyrie, L.; Leclaire, H.; Londeix, L.; Mangin, S.; Matthiessen, J.; Marret, F.; Meland, M.; Morey, A. E.; Mulitza, S.; Pflaumann, U.; Pisias, N. G.; Radi, T.; Rochon, A.; Rohling, E. J.; Sbaffi, L.; Schafer-neth, C.; Solignac, S.; Spero, H.; Tachikawa, K.; Turon, J. -l.. |
| Observation-based reconstructions of sea surface temperature from relatively stable periods in the past, such as the Last Glacial Maximum, represent an important means of constraining climate sensitivity and evaluating model simulations. The first quantitative global reconstruction of sea surface temperatures during the Last Glacial Maximum was developed by the Climate Long-Range Investigation, Mapping and Prediction (CLIMAP) project in the 1970s and 1980s. Since that time, several shortcomings of that earlier effort have become apparent. Here we present an updated synthesis of sea surface temperatures during the Last Glacial Maximum, rigorously defined as the period between 23 and 19 thousand years before present, from the Multiproxy Approach for the... |
| Tipo: Text |
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| Ano: 2009 |
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00218/32914/31395.pdf |
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| Ciais, P.; Dolman, A. J.; Bombelli, A.; Duren, R.; Peregon, A.; Rayner, P. J.; Miller, C.; Gobron, N.; Kinderman, G.; Marland, G.; Gruber, N.; Chevallier, F.; Andres, R. J.; Balsamo, G.; Bopp, L.; Breon, F. -m.; Broquet, G.; Dargaville, R.; Battin, T. J.; Borges, A.; Bovensmann, H.; Buchwitz, M.; Butler, J.; Canadell, J. G.; Cook, R. B.; Defries, R.; Engelen, R.; Gurney, K. R.; Heinze, C.; Heimann, M.; Held, A.; Henry, M.; Law, B.; Luyssaert, S.; Miller, J.; Moriyama, T.; Moulin, C.; Myneni, R. B.; Nussli, C.; Obersteiner, M.; Ojima, D.; Pan, Y.; Paris, J. -d.; Piao, S. L.; Poulter, B.; Plummer, S.; Quegan, S.; Raymond, P.; Reichstein, M.; Rivier, L.; Sabine, C.; Schimel, D.; Tarasova, O.; Valentini, R.; Wang, R.; Van Der Werf, G.; Wickland, D.; Williams, M.; Zehner, C.. |
| A globally integrated carbon observation and analysis system is needed to improve the fundamental understanding of the global carbon cycle, to improve our ability to project future changes, and to verify the effectiveness of policies aiming to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and increase carbon sequestration. Building an integrated carbon observation system requires transformational advances from the existing sparse, exploratory framework towards a dense, robust, and sustained system in all components: anthropogenic emissions, the atmosphere, the ocean, and the terrestrial biosphere. The paper is addressed to scientists, policymakers, and funding agencies who need to have a global picture of the current state of the (diverse) carbon observations. We... |
| Tipo: Text |
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| Ano: 2014 |
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00293/40398/38913.pdf |
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