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Black-Box Frontiers and Implications for Development Policy – Theoretical Considerations AgEcon
Sauer, Johannes; Frohberg, Klaus; Hockmann, Heinrich.
The availability of efficiency estimation software – freely distributed via the internet and relatively easy to use – recently inflated the number of corresponding applications. The resulting efficiency estimates are used without a critical assessment with respect to the literature on theoretical consistency, flexibility and the choice of the appropriate functional form. The robustness of policy suggestions based on inferences from efficiency measures nevertheless crucially depends on theoretically well-founded estimates. This paper addresses stochastic efficiency measurement by critically reviewing the theoretical consistency of recently published technical efficiency estimates with respect to economic development. The results confirm the need for a...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: International Development; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2004 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18772
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Price Developments on the World Markets for Milk Products: The Case of Butter AgEcon
Hockmann, Heinrich; Voneki, Eva.
A time series model is estimated to identify the interrelation among prices on the international and the EU domestic market for butter. Although the findings were not derived from a causal model, the inspection of the data provides economically reasonable and important insights in structural relationship between international and domestic prices. It can be expected that similar relationships exists for other milk products as well. The fact that international prices in the EU and Oceania are causal for each other is an indication of an integrated market. However, price transmission is not perfect suggesting that competition between the EU and Oceania exists, however, but not as intense as it could be expected for a homogeneous good like butter. The...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Dairy market; International trade; Market integration; International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries; F15; Q13; Q17.
Ano: 2006 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25491
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Agroholdings in Russia: Breaking the Vicious Circle? AgEcon
Hockmann, Heinrich; Wandel, Jurgen; Nedoborovskyy, Andriy.
The paper discusses the accelerated emergence of agroholdings in the Russian Federation. It is argued that the foundation of these highly integrated structures I due to the special (macro-) economic and institutional condition of the transition process in Russia. Moreover, it is shown that agricultural enterprises which are part of an agroholding were lacking behind other organisational forms in terms of economic efficiency. One reason for this finding is the highly centralized decision structures which, as experiences in Western Europe shows, are only suitable for very special agricultural value chains, but not for agriculture in general.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Firm Organisation; Vertical Integration; Agricultural Technology; Farm Input Market; Agribusiness.
Ano: 2005 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24416
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IDENTIFICATION OF MARKET POWER IN THE HUNGARIAN DAIRY INDUSTRY: A PLANT-LEVEL ANALYSIS AgEcon
Perekhozhuk, Oleksandr; Hockmann, Heinrich; Bakucs, Lajos Zoltan; Ferto, Imre.
The objective of this paper is to provide an alternative model which can be used to test for oligopsony market power applying plant-level data. For this purpose, we took into account empirical studies and specific developments in the Hungarian dairy industry and specified a model that provides useful benchmarks for an econometric test of market power. The results of the econometric analysis show that the effects from policy changes in Hungary, as well as from plant specific issues are highly statistically significant, and produce evidence suggesting the exercise of oligopsony market power in the Hungarian dairy industry.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Livestock Production/Industries; Marketing.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/114768
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Transition and foreign trade: the case of the Ukrainian agri-food sector AgEcon
Levkovych, Inna; Hockmann, Heinrich.
The purpose of this paper is to assess the progress of the transformation process and to analyse which policy measures are necessary for further economic integration into world markets. In this study we concentrate on the Ukrainian agri-food sector. The development of foreign trade may serve as indicator of success of market reforms. Thus we analyse the changes in the trade structure of agri-food sector and compute indicators of inter- (RTA Index) and intra-industrial (Grubel-Lloyd Index, Brülhart A-Index, characterising the marginal intra-industry trade) trade for the period 1996-2005. We discuss also which policy measures are necessary for further economic integration of Ukraine into world markets.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Agri-food sector; Intra-industry trade; Marginal intra-industry trade; Ukraine; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7781
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LAGE UND ENTWICKLUNGSPROBLEME DER WEIßRUSSISCHEN FLEISCHWIRTSCHAFT AgEcon
Hockmann, Heinrich; Kashtanova, Elena G.; Kowschik, Sergej.
Im Zuge der Erlangung staatlicher Souveränität begannen in Weißrussland wirtschaftliche Restrukturierungsprozesse. Im Vergleich zu anderen ehemaligen Sowjetrepubliken blieben diese Reformbemühungen des Wirtschaftssystems von einer Plan- zur Marktorientierung jedoch sehr zaghaft und kamen bis Mitte der 1990er Jahre sogar fast vollständig zum Erliegen. Dieser Prozess ging mit dramatischen Produktionseinbrüchen insbesondere in der Landwirtschaft einher. Der insgesamt negative Trend ist nach wie vor anhaltend. Besonders betroffen ist die Fleischproduktion, da viele Haushalte ihre Nachfrage nach Fleischprodukten primär durch Subsistenzwirtschaft decken und daher ein erheblicher Teil der Nachfrage für die fleischproduzierenden Unternehmen weggebrochen ist. Diese...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Agrarpolitik; Fleischverarbeitung; Transformationsprozess; Wettbewerb; Livestock Production/Industries; Q13; Q18.
Ano: 2002 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14865
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Market power: Modeling issues and identification problems. An investigation of selected Hungarian food chains AgEcon
Bakucs, Lajos Zoltan; Ferto, Imre; Hockmann, Heinrich; Perekhozhuk, Oleksandr.
In recent years increasing number of contractual arrangements in food chains are observed. There are several reasons for this phenomenon. Improving food quality often requires significant specific investments. Given high asset specificity, investors find it difficult to appropriate the returns on investment and thus have incentives to integrate. However, besides this transaction costs related argument, the ongoing vertical integration can result from structural developments in food chains which at different stages of the value chains, might hamper the proper functioning of markets. Using a unique, firm level dataset, in this paper we will focus on the latter issue. Due to its importance among various Hungarian value chains, we have selected the milk...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Market power; Hungarian food chains.; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57977
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FOREIGN TRADE AND TRANSITION PROCESS IN AGRI-FOOD SECTOR OF UKRAINE AgEcon
Levkovych, Inna; Hockmann, Heinrich.
In this study we try to assess the progress of the transformation process in Ukrainian agri-food sector. The development of foreign trade may serve as indicator of success of market reforms. Thus we analyse the changes in the trade structure of agri-food sector during 1996-2005. Also we compute indicators of inter- (RTA Index) and intra-industrial (Grubel-Lloyd Index, Brülhart A-Index) trade for this period. These indicators provide information about competitiveness of Ukrainian products, type and development of trade flows. We discuss also which policy measures are necessary for further economic integration of Ukraine into world markets
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Agri-food sector; Foreign trade; Intra-industry trade; Competitiveness; Grubel-Lloyd-Index; Ukraine; Agrar- und Ernährungssektor; Außenhandel; Intra-industrieller Handel; Wettbewerbsfähigkeit; Grubel-Lloyd-Index; Ukraine; Агропродовольственный сектор; Международная торговля; Внутри- отраслевая торговля; Конкурентноспособность; Индекс Грубель-Ллойда; Украина; Agribusiness; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Industrial Organization; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Development; F14; Q17.
Ano: 2008 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91956
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The Need for Theoretically Consistent Efficiency Frontiers AgEcon
Sauer, Johannes; Hockmann, Heinrich.
The availability of efficiency estimation software –freely distributed via the internet and relatively easy to use –recently inflated the number of corresponding applications. The resulting efficiency estimates are often used without a critical assessment with respect to the literature on theoretical consistency, flexibility and the choice of the appropriate functional form. The robustness of policy suggestions based on inferences from efficiency measures nevertheless crucially depends on theoretically well-founded estimates. This paper addresses stochastic efficiency measurement by critically reviewing the theoretical consistency of recently published technical efficiency estimates. The results confirm the need for a posteriori checking the regularity of...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Functional form; Stochastic efficiency analysis; Theoretical consistency; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; C51; D24; Q12.
Ano: 2005 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24497
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ZUR WETTBEWERBSFAHIGKEIT DER WEISSSRUSSISCHEN MILCHWIRTSCHAFT: EINE ANWENDUNG DES PORTERSCHEN DIAMANTEN AgEcon
Hockmann, Heinrich; Ramanovich, Mikhail.
This Discussion Paper provides an analysis of competitiveness of the Belarus’ dairy sector based on international trade indicators. The ex-post analysis is extended by an ex-ante analysis in order to gain detailed insights into the sector’s future opportunities and challenges. Systematic access is established through relevant determinants with respect to Porter’s diamond. Ex-post analysis results indicate a strong position of Belarus in the international dairy trade although limited to homogenous products like milk powder and evaporated milk. Competitive disadvantages were revealed for highly processed dairy products. The ex-ante analysis through Porter’s diamond model reveals the necessary prerequisites for potentially successful future developments in...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Belarus; Foreign trade; Porter; Competitiveness; Milk; Weissrussland; Aussenhandel; Porter; Wettbewerbsfahigkeit; Milch; Agribusiness; Industrial Organization; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Productivity Analysis; P23; P45; Q17.
Ano: 2010 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91962
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Optimale Betriebsgröße in der Landwirtschaft: Beiträge auf der 25. IAAE-Konferenz in Durban, Südafrika AgEcon
Hockmann, Heinrich.
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.
Ano: 2004 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97431
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INFLUENCE OF THE INTEGRATION OF AGROHOLDINGS WITH RUSSIAN FARMS ON TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY AND ITS SUBCOMPONENTS AgEcon
Hahlbrock, Konstantin; Hockmann, Heinrich.
The impact of group affiliation to agroholdings on enterprise performance in terms of productivity and efficiency is controversially discussed in the literature. However, only few papers evaluate the effects of group membership on the productivity and efficiency of agricultural enterprises in Russia. The underlying research question of this paper is therefore whether farms that belong to agroholdings perform better than independent farms. We calculate partial land and labor productivity, total factor productivity (TFP) and technical efficiency scores for the two categories of independent farms and members of agroholdings. In this paper a production function approach is estimated in the framework of stochastic frontier analysis. The results are used to...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Agroholding; Stochastic Frontier Analysis; Efficiency; Total Factor Productivity; Russia; Agroholding; Stochastic Frontier Analysis; Effizienz; Total Factor Productivity; Russland; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/114508
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The Choice of Technology in Russian Agriculture: An Application of the Induced Innovation Hypothesis AgEcon
Hockmann, Heinrich; Kopsidis, Michael.
Even after more then ten years after the beginning of the transition process, Russian agriculture shows only limited sign of a recovery. Production has not reached the level of the pre-transition period and investment is still on a very low level. In this paper we use the "Theory of Induced Innovation" in order to access the development of production structures in Russia and to identify the major obstacles for restructuring. We argue that due to multiple market failure (capital, labour) and inappropriate institutional arrangements inherited from Soviet times hinder the development of Russian agriculture. Both reasons causes that agricultural enterprises have difficulties with regard to an adjustment of factor input and production corresponding to the real...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Technical change; Efficiency; Russia; Agriculture; Induced innovation theory; Agribusiness; Q11; Q16.
Ano: 2005 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24652
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Price distortions on the Hungarian raw milk market AgEcon
Voneki, Eva; Hockmann, Heinrich.
The paper attempts to identify the impact of market power in the Hungarian milk chain. Since the conventional conjectural variation approach provides suspicious results the incentives to collude are discussed in an alternative framework. It is argued that the high degree of market transparency, the high frequency of interaction, the low number of large firms which could actually influence market prices, the threat of severe sanctions due to the under-utilization of processing capacities as well as opportunistic behavior make collusive behavior more likely than competitive behavior. The empirical evidence for the period 1998 to 2006 supports this view.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Market power; Dairy processing; Hungary; Industrial Organization; Q11; Q13.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51673
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Incentive Compatible Pricing and Quality Adoption: The Case of the Polish Dairy Sector AgEcon
Pieniadz, Agata; Hockmann, Heinrich.
We construct a model to identify determinants of the diffusion rate of standards in a food chain. We argue that adoption decisions in the food chain are determined by farmers’ and processors’ economic considerations. Factors such as pricing behavior, compliance costs and market structure, all of which influence the adoption of standards, are identified and discussed in the paper. The findings are used to test an econometric model utilizing data on Polish milk processing firms in the period between 2000 and 2002. The results indicate that input and output prices have a significant influence on the diffusion rate of standards. The dominance of large-scale holdings in the relevant procurement market significantly increases, whereas high compliance costs...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Product quality; Standards; EU enlargement; Industrial organization.; Industrial Organization; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2007 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7833
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Agroholdings membership: does that make a difference in performance? AgEcon
Hockmann, Heinrich; Bokusheva, Raushan; Bezlepkina, Irina V..
Comparing different organizational, managerial and economic indicators of the farms in two selected regions the study investigates whether agroholdings perform better and thus can be regarded as a promising organizational model for Russian agriculture. A comparatively poor performance of agroholdings' members in both regions implies that this organisational form suffers from principal management problems hampering the move of agricultural production towards efficient trajectories. The insights regarding the selection of agroholdings' members, farm restructuring, marketing activities and performance cannot however be simply transferred to Russian agriculture in general. In both regions analyzed the establishing of agroholdings was strongly promoted by the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Agribusiness.
Ano: 2007 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10023
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Structural change in Europe’s rural regions – Farm livelihoods between subsistence orientation, modernisation and non-farm diversification AgEcon
Salasan, Cosmin; Curtiss, Jarmila; Gomez y Paloma, Gomez; Buchenrieder, Gertrud; Fritzsch, Jana; Wegener, Stefan; Glauben, Thomas; Hockmann, Heinrich; Moller, Lioudmila; Pieniadz, Agata; Renner, Swetlana; Davidova, Sophia; Fredriksson, Lena; Petrovici, Dan Alex; Mishev, Mishev; Hubbard, Carmen; Gorton, Matthew; Wolek, Tomasz.
Edited volume of the contributions to the mini-symposium of the same title at the IAAE conference 2009.
Tipo: Book Palavras-chave: EU; Enlarged EU; Structural change; Farm livelihoods; Modernization; Rural development; Success stories; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; International Development.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53334
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Farm Heterogeneity and Efficiency in Polish Agriculture: A Stochastic Frontier Analysis AgEcon
Hockmann, Heinrich; Pieniadz, Agata.
This paper deals with the estimation of a random coefficient model. The virtue of this approach is that it considers firm heterogeneity, which conventional SFA models do not. Applying the model to Polish farms, the results indicate that the conventional random and fixed effect models overestimate the inefficiency score. In addition, the reasons for inefficiency are analysed. It is shown that despite the fragmentation of Polish agriculture, there is no evidence for scale inefficiency. Moreover, inefficiency could partly be attributed to factors that affect management input and requirements on farms.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: SFA; Random component model; Poland; Agriculture; Management; Productivity Analysis.
Ano: 2008 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44278
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Efficiency and Heterogeneity in Czech Food Processing Industry AgEcon
Cechura, Lukas; Hockmann, Heinrich.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Agribusiness.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/114314
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MODELING HETEROGENEITY IN PRODUCTION MODELS: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM INDIVIDUAL FARMING IN POLAND AgEcon
Hockmann, Heinrich; Pieniadz, Agata; Goraj, Lech.
This discussion paper deals with the estimation of a random coefficient model. The virtue of this approach is that it considers firm heterogeneity, which conventional SFA models do not. Applying the model to Polish farms, the results indicate that the conventional random and fixed effect models overestimate the inefficiency score. In addition, the reasons for inefficiency are analyzed. It is shown that despite the fragmentation of Polish agriculture, there is no evidence for scale inefficiency. Moreover, inefficiency could partly be attributed to factors, which affect the management input and requirements on farms.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: SFA; Random component model; Poland; Management.; Agribusiness; Farm Management; Productivity Analysis; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Q12; D24.
Ano: 2007 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91733
Registros recuperados: 40
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