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| Registros recuperados: 11 | |
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| Kitti, Mitri; Heikkilä, Jaakko; Huhtala, Anni. |
| We investigate the role that economic instruments can play in the eradication of poverty and preservation of biodiversity in agroforestry management in coffee production. Most of the world's coffee producers live in poverty and manage agroecosystems in regions that culturally and biologically are among the most diverse on the globe. Despite the relatively recent finding that bees can augment pollination and boost coffee crop yields substantially, the short-term revenues to be had from intense monoculture drive land-use decisions that destroy forest strips serving as habitats for pollinating insects. Our study investigates the possibility of multiple equilibria in the adoption of technology in coffee production; farmers specialize in environmentally... |
| Tipo: Report |
Palavras-chave: Markets and trade. |
| Ano: 2006 |
URL: http://orgprints.org/14830/1/dispap.pdf |
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| Huhtala, Anni; Marklund, Per-Olov. |
| We aim to improve the policy relevance of the aggregate welfare indicators regarding the economic and environmental features of farming practices. First, an analytical framework for measurement of environmentally adjusted net national product for agricultural sector is provided. Second, shadow pricing of direct disutility of environmental deterioration is illustrated with implications of the Finnish water protection policy measures restricting the use of manure on conventional and organic livestock farms during the period 1994-2002. Our simulated shadow prices per cubic meter manure are quite considerable reflecting the potentially high opportunity costs in terms of value added forgone if the only option to comply with regulation is to cut output. In... |
| Tipo: Conference paper, poster, etc. |
Palavras-chave: Environmental aspects. |
| Ano: 2005 |
URL: http://orgprints.org/8452/1/agecon.pdf |
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| Huhtala, Anni. |
| Organic farming is expected to alleviate the environmental burden of agriculture, since it rules out the use of chemicals such as synthetic fertilizers, pesticides, herbicides. However, organic farming technology may turn out to be less efficient when evaluated by conventional productivity measures that are less informative regarding environmental efficiency. We derive a framework for a combination of more comprehensive indicators reflecting whether organic farming increases sustainability in agriculture and how much of the total agricultural value added is produced at the expense of environmental deterioration. We show that it is important to separate flow and stock effects of pollution so that aggregate measurement is consistent with conventional... |
| Tipo: Journal paper |
Palavras-chave: Environmental aspects; Policy environments and social economy. |
| Ano: 2003 |
URL: http://orgprints.org/8593/1/huhtala.pdf |
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| Miettinen, Antti; Huhtala, Anni. |
| Our optimal control model identifies economic reasons as to why farmland bird populations have dramatically declined in modern agricultural landscapes. By integrating recreational wildlife values into farm level decision-making on arable crop choice and herbicide use, we derive those economic instruments needed for creating suitable conditions for game bird species on farmland. Based on the Finnish data available on the grey partridge (Perdix perdix), we illustrate how the optimal acreage subsidy for organically-grown areas, herbicide tax rates and the hunting licence fee could be estimated in monetary terms. Finally, we discuss the benefits and costs of cultivating organic cereals which will enhance preservation of the grey partridge. |
| Tipo: Conference paper, poster, etc. |
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity and ecosystem services. |
| Ano: 2005 |
URL: http://orgprints.org/8612/1/eaae.pdf |
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| Nykänen, Arja; Heikkilä, Anna-Maija; Huhtala, Anni; Kottila, Marja-Riitta; Lätti, Markku; Mäkelä, Johanna; Seppänen, Laura. |
| In a three-year Research program of organic food and farming in Finland there are five projects under the theme of economics, food and markets. The projects focus on local and organic food systems, environmental economy of organic farming, farm co-operation and economy of suckler cow-based beef production. First results are now available. |
| Tipo: Other |
Palavras-chave: Markets and trade. |
| Ano: 2005 |
URL: http://orgprints.org/5214/1/5214.doc |
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| Huhtala, Anni; Sipiläinen, Timo. |
| The attractiveness of targeted environmental policies on farmlands depends crucially on the opportunity costs of the conservation programs. We use a crop diversity index as an indicator of environmental output to compare the efficiency of conventional and organic crop farms. Technical efficiency scores are estimated by applying data envelopment analysis to a sample of Finnish farms for the period 1994 – 2002. We also estimate shadow values, or the opportunity costs, of producing crop diversity. Our results show that there is variation in the shadow values between farms and the technology adopted. The findings provide a basis for designing cost-effective policy instruments such as auctions for conservation payments. |
| Tipo: Conference paper, poster, etc. |
Palavras-chave: Environmental aspects. |
| Ano: 2010 |
URL: http://orgprints.org/18282/1/huhtala2.pdf |
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| Hyytiäinen, Kari; Ahtiainen, Heini; Heikkilä, Jaakko; Helin, Janne; Huhtala, Anni; Iho, Antti; Koikkalainen, Kauko; Miettinen, Antti; Pouta, Eija; Vesterinen, Janne. |
| This study introduces a prototype model for evaluating policies to abate agricultural nutrients in the Baltic Sea from a Finnish national point of view. The stochastic simulation model integrates nutrient dynamics of nitrogen and phosphorus in the sea basins adjoining the Finnish coast, nutrient loads from land and other sources, benefits from nutrient abatement (in the form of recreation and other ecosystem services) and the costs of agricultural abatement activities. The aim of this study is to present the overall structure of the model and to demonstrate its potential using preliminary parameters. |
| Tipo: Journal paper |
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity and ecosystem services; Air and water emissions. |
| Ano: 2009 |
URL: http://orgprints.org/15726/1/DP2009_2.pdf |
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| Huhtala, Anni; Sipiläinen, Timo. |
| For policy making, it is important to identify the types of farms that are most efficient in enhancement of environmental quality, e.g., conservation of biodiversity. Attractiveness of conservation of biodiversity depends crucially on the opportunity costs of conservation. We use a crop diversity index as an indicator of environmental output to compare effciency of conventional and organic crop farms. Non-parametric technical efficiency scores are estimated applying data envelopment analysis on a sample of Finnish crop farms for 1994-2001. We also estimate opportunity costs, or shadow values, of producing crop diversity. According to our results, there is variation in shadow values of crop diversity between the farms and technology adopted. This... |
| Tipo: Conference paper, poster, etc. |
Palavras-chave: Environmental aspects. |
| Ano: 2010 |
URL: http://orgprints.org/18239/1/Huhtala.pdf |
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| Huhtala, Anni; Marklund, Per-Olov. |
| The shadow prices can be used as indicators of the costs of environmental regulation imposed as reflected in alternative farming technologies adopted. We illustrate our analytical findings with implications of the Finnish water protection policy measures on conventional and organic livestock farms over the period 1994-2002. Generally, the representative organic farm is found to be more technically efficient relative to its own technology than is the conventional representative farm. However, there is no statistical indication of a difference between these two particular representative farms in valuing the costs of undesirable output (manure) at the margin. |
| Tipo: Conference paper, poster, etc. |
Palavras-chave: Environmental aspects. |
| Ano: 2005 |
URL: http://orgprints.org/8448/1/eaae1.pdf |
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| Eerola, Essi; Huhtala, Anni. |
| We examine the design of policies for promoting the consumption of green products under preference and income heterogeneity using organic products as an example. Two instruments are considered: a price subsidy for the organic products and a tax on the conventional products. Under income disparity, consumers with high income always prefer a socially optimal subsidy to a socially optimal tax, while low-income consumers prefer a tax on conventional products. When environmental policy is determined by the median voter, the policies implemented tend to be stricter than socially optimal policies if income differences are large. |
| Tipo: Conference paper, poster, etc. |
Palavras-chave: Policy environments and social economy. |
| Ano: 2005 |
URL: http://orgprints.org/8611/1/eaae3.pdf |
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| Miettinen, Antti; Huhtala, Anni. |
| Our optimal control model identifies economic reasons as to why several farmland bird populations have dramatically declined in modern agricultural landscapes. By integrating bird fauna values into decision-making on cereal crop choice, herbicide use and hunting bag size, we derive those economic instruments needed for enhancing biodiversity on farmland and reversing the decline of grey partridge (Perdix perdix) populations. Based on the Finnish data available, we illustrate how the optimal acreage subsidy for organically-grown rye areas, the herbicide tax rate and the grey partridge hunting licence fee could be estimated in monetary terms. The procedure to derive and value the first-best policy instruments is applicable for various components of... |
| Tipo: Conference paper, poster, etc. |
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity and ecosystem services. |
| Ano: 2005 |
URL: http://orgprints.org/8614/1/bioecon.pdf |
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| Registros recuperados: 11 | |
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