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| Huuskonen, Arto; Khalili, Hannele; Joki-Tokola, Erkki. |
| The objective of the present experiment was to study the need for the protein supplementation in the diet of growing dairy bulls (initial live weight 272 ± 28.5 kg and final live weight 666 ± 31.2 kg, on average) fed total mixed ration based on moderate digestible grass silage and barley. The experiment comprised 24 Finnish Ayrshire bulls and 8 Holstein-Friesian bulls and included four treatments. The control diet (C) consisted of moderate digestible (653 g digestible organic matter in dry matter (DM) grass silage (450 g kg-1 DM), barley grain (275) and barley fibre (275) without protein supplementation. Three isonitrogenous experimental diets included also extra protein, i.e. (1) rapeseed meal (RSM) (supplementation 530 g DM per animal day-1), (2) wet... |
| Tipo: Journal paper |
Palavras-chave: Feeding and growth. |
| Ano: 2008 |
URL: http://orgprints.org/16892/1/huuskonen.pdf |
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| Huuskonen, Arto; Joki-Tokola, Erkki; Honkavaara, Markku; Tuomisto, Leena; Kauppinen, Risto. |
| The objective of the present study was to compare the colour, chemical composition, meat quality and fatty acid profile of the longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle of growing bulls housed in an insulated tie-stall, an uninsulated barn or a forest paddock. Two housing experiments were conducted at the North Ostrobothnia Research Station of MTT Agrifood Research Finland in Ruukki (64°44’N, 25°15’E). The first experiment was conducted from November 1999 to October 2000 and comprised 30 Hereford bulls, the second from November 2000 to December 2001 with 30 Ayrshire bulls. In both experiments the bulls were divided into six groups of five animals according to live weight and the groups were randomly allotted to one of three treatments: tie-stall in an insulated barn... |
| Tipo: Journal paper |
Palavras-chave: Feeding and growth. |
| Ano: 2010 |
URL: http://orgprints.org/17514/1/Huuskonen.pdf |
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| Uusi-Kämppä, Jaana; Huuskonen, Arto; Kuisma, Miia; Nykänen, Arja; Heinonen-Tanski, Helvi. |
| Numbers of faecal microbes (faecal coliforms, enterococci, sulphite-reducing clostridia and coliphages) were determined in run-off waters from cattle farms in 1998-2005. Water samples were collected from drain wells and open ditches adjacent to exercise yards and forested feedlots for cattle, a grass field with slurry applications and a pasture with buffer strips. The indicator numbers were the highest in run-off waters from asphalt exercise yards while the figures were even 100-fold smaller in waters from a bark covered yard. In the forested feedlots, where cattle were fed for the winter months or all the year round, the indicator numbers were as high as the ones in a grass field with slurry applications or a pasture. There was a severe risk of... |
| Tipo: Conference paper, poster, etc. |
Palavras-chave: Animal husbandry; Air and water emissions. |
| Ano: 2006 |
URL: http://orgprints.org/8969/1/ymparisto1.pdf |
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| Martiskainen, Paula; Tuomisto, Leena; Huuskonen, Arto; Mononen, Jaakko. |
| Training cattle to avoid electric fences before turnout to grazing reduces the risk of the animals breaking out from their paddock. We investigated the time needed for dairy bull calves to learn to avoid a light-built electric fence. Nineteen dairy bull calves were trained to an electric fence in a training yard during seven days. The number of electric shocks the animals received from the training fence was recorded continuously. After the training period, the calves were turned to pasture. Nine of the animals were also grazed the following summer as yearlings, and observed before turnout in a smaller enclosure. The calves got more shocks from the fence during training hour 1 than during any of the following seven hours. The number of shocks the calves... |
| Tipo: Journal paper |
Palavras-chave: Animal husbandry. |
| Ano: 2008 |
URL: http://orgprints.org/16889/1/martiskainen.pdf |
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| Huuskonen, Arto; Khalili, Hannele; Joki-Tokola, Erkki. |
| The objective of the present experiment was to study the effects of partial replacement of barley grain with barley fibre (BF) on animal performance, carcass traits and diet digestibility of growing dairy bulls. The feeding experiment comprised 20 Finnish Ayrshire bulls and 12 Holstein-Friesian bulls, and four treatments (8 bulls per treatment). There were four diets with two offered at stage 1 (from the initiation of the study to 450 kg live weight) and four at stage 2 (from 450 kg live weight to slaughter). The control diet (BF0) included grass silage (460 g kg–1 dry matter) and barley grain (540), BF25 diet included grass silage (460), barley grain (405) and BF (135), BF50 diet included grass silage (460), barley grain (270) and BF (270), and BF75 diet... |
| Tipo: Journal paper |
Palavras-chave: Feeding and growth. |
| Ano: 2007 |
URL: http://orgprints.org/16907/1/huuskonen.pdf |
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| Huuskonen, Arto. |
| The first aim of this thesis was to produce data for evaluating, developing and recommending biologically and economically efficient energy and protein feeding strategies for growing and finishing dairy bulls offered grass silage-based diets and slaughtered at carcass weights above 300 kg. The second aim was to calculate the energy and protein supplies of the dairy bulls fed different grass silage-cereal-based diets and, based on this, to estimate the possible need to revise the current Finnish energy and protein recommendations for growing dairy bulls. The third aim was to demonstrate the P supply of dairy bulls fed grass silage-cereal-based diets with or without protein supplementation in relation to current feeding recommendations for P. |
| Tipo: Thesis |
Palavras-chave: Feeding and growth. |
| Ano: 2009 |
URL: http://orgprints.org/15898/1/mtttiede1.pdf |
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| Huuskonen, Arto; Joki-Tokola, Erkki. |
| The present experiment was conducted to study diet digestibility, feed intake, animal performance and carcass characteristics of growing dairy bulls offered diets based on whole-crop barley, a mixture of whole-crop barley and hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth.) or a mixture of whole-crop wheat and hairy vetch relative to moderate digestible grass silage-based diet. The feeding experiment with 24 Finnish Ayrshire and 8 Holstein-Friesian bulls included 4 forage feeding treatments: grass silage (G), whole-crop barley and hairy vetch mixture silage (BHV), whole-crop wheat and hairy vetch mixture silage (WHV) and whole-crop barley silage (B). In all treatments animals were offered silage ad libitum. The amount of concentrate supplementation was 36 g per animal... |
| Tipo: Journal paper |
Palavras-chave: Feeding and growth. |
| Ano: 2010 |
URL: http://orgprints.org/17167/1/huuskonen.pdf |
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| Huuskonen, Arto; Tuomisto, Leena; Joki-Tokola, Erkki; Kauppinen, Risto. |
| The objective of the present study was to compare the performance of Hereford bulls in an insulated tie-stall, an uninsulated barn and a forest paddock in Northern Finland (Ruukki: 64°44’N, 25°15’E). In November 1999, thirty Hereford bulls (age 6.8±0.5 (mean±SD) months; live weight (LW) 285±35 kg) were divided into six groups of five animals according to their LW and the groups were randomly allotted to one of three treatments: tie-stall in an insulated barn (IB bulls, ten animals in individual stalls), pen in an uninsulated barn (UB bulls, 5 animals per pen, two pens) and forest paddock (PAD bulls, 5 animals per paddock, two paddocks). The experiment ended in October 2000, when the bulls were 18.3±0.5 months of age and 772±51 kg LW. During the entire... |
| Tipo: Journal paper |
Palavras-chave: Feeding and growth. |
| Ano: 2009 |
URL: http://orgprints.org/16624/1/huuskonen.pdf |
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