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| Registros recuperados: 37 | |
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| Kimhi, Ayal. |
| Differentiating between the sensitivity of income inequality to male income and female income, and decomposing inequality by income determinants, we find that total income inequality is less sensitive to female income variability or the level of female income than to male income variability or the level of male income. Uniform increases in education reduce income inequality, with female education having a larger effect than male education. The fraction of minority populations has a positive effect on inequality, but this operates mostly through female income. All this suggests that female income is the most adequate target for inequality-reducing policy, and that within-household gender equality is good for reducing income inequality among households. |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Consumer/Household Economics. |
| Ano: 2008 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46293 |
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| Kimhi, Ayal. |
| This paper uses inequality decomposition techniques in order to analyze the consequences of entrepreneurial activities to household income inequality in Southern Ethiopia. A uniform increase in entrepreneurial income reduces per capita household income inequality. This implies that encouraging rural entrepreneurship may be favorable for both income growth and income distribution. Such policies could be particularly successful if directed at the low-income, low-wealth, and relatively uneducated segments of the society. |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Food Security and Poverty. |
| Ano: 2009 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47505 |
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| Kimhi, Ayal; Rubin, Ofir D.. |
| After nearly fifty years of stability and stagnation of dairy market regulations in Israel, a dramatic policy reform has been enacted in 1999. The reform enabled farm households, for the first time, to trade production quotas. In addition, the reform signaled to farmers that milk prices will gradually go down in real terms, and therefore only producers who expand and become more efficient will prevail. The reform allowed for generous financial support for investment in expansion, but also required the adoption of environmental regulations which could be costly to many farm families. This paper uses data from a census of small family-operated dairy enterprises that was conducted in 2001, in order to analyze the response of farm households to the reform. The... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Milk policy reform; Technology adoption; Intergenerational succession.; Agricultural and Food Policy. |
| Ano: 2007 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9948 |
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| Kimhi, Ayal. |
| This paper analyzes structural transformation on Israieli family farms using longitudinal village-level data for the years 1992-2001, with particular emphases on the effects of the 1985 debt crisis and the subsequent 1992 debt settlement legislation. Dynamic panel GMM estimation reveals a negative effect of the amount of debt, and a positive effect of reaching a debt restructuring agreement, on farm size. Reaching an agreement also had an indirect negative effect on the shift to off-farm work. No significant effect was found on farm exits. This implies that the debt restructuring legislation accomplished its goal of rehabilitating the farm sector, at least to some extent. |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
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| Ano: 2008 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37943 |
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| Kimhi, Ayal. |
| The purpose of this paper is to investigate the dependence of health and physical fitness indicators on the socio-economic situation of rural families in Southern Ethiopia, with particular emphasis on the role of inequality. The literature shows mixed results about the effect of inequality on health, and this paper contributes in several ways: it compares the results of objective and subjective health measures, it distinguishes between wealth inequality and nutrition inequality, and it evaluates the impact of nutrition inequality both at the village level and at the household level. The subjective health measures are morbidity (the number of days respondents were ill during the last month) and physical fitness (their ability to walk distances, carry... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Health Economics and Policy. |
| Ano: 2002 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14984 |
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| Kan, Iddo; Kimhi, Ayal; Lerman, Zvi. |
| This article examines the decision of farmers to sell part of their farm output on the market, using data from the Republic of Georgia. A two-level empirical model is used, in which endowments and resource allocation decisions determine farm output and non-farm income, and these in turn determine market participation. We found, as expected, that farm output affects market participation positively, while non-farm income affects it negatively. Landholdings have an indirect positive effect on market participation, through its positive effect on farm output. Education has a negative effect on market participation, mainly through its positive effect on non-farm income. |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Commercialization; Market participation; Farm output; Non-farm income; Resource allocation; Agricultural Finance; Farm Management. |
| Ano: 2006 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/112608 |
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| Evenson, Robert E.; Kimhi, Ayal; Desilva, Sanjaya. |
| Labor markets in all economies are subject to transaction costs associated with recruiting, monitoring and supervising workers. Rural labor markets in developing economies, where institutions such as labor and contract law and formal employment assistance mechanisms are not in place, are regarded to be particularly sensitive to transaction cost conditions. The inherent difficulty of measuring transaction costs has limited studies on this topic. In this paper, we analyze supervision activities reported in a cross-section survey of rice farmers in the Bicol region of the Philippines. This survey is unique because it provides supervision data at the farm task level. We present a simple optimization model in which supervision intensity increases the... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Transaction costs; Supervision; Labor markets; Philippines; Crop Production/Industries; 013; D23; J43; Q12. |
| Ano: 2000 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28467 |
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| Kimhi, Ayal; Rapaport, Eliel. |
| This paper examines the time allocation of Israeli farm families between farm work and off-farm work. We found that extended families behave differently than nuclear families: people in families with adult children or siblings of the farm couple tend to work more off the farm and less on the farm, while people in families with parents tend to work less both on and off the farm. We also found that farm land and capital do not affect time allocation once we control for the productive structure of the farm. The private Arab and Jewish farm families behave differently than families in Moshavim, perhaps due to institutional factors, cultural background, and/or labor market discrimination. |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Consumer/Household Economics. |
| Ano: 2001 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15002 |
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| Kimhi, Ayal; Chiwele, Dennis K.. |
| The objective of this paper is to identify factors which limit the ability of Zambian farmers to increase Maize productivity and/or diversify their crop mix. Both may enable wealth accumulation, investments, and further expansion. Specifically, we link variations in agricultural decisions, practices, and outcomes, to variations in the tightness of the different constraints. We model crop production decisions as having recursive structure. Initially, farmers decide on land allocation among the different crops, based on their information set at planting time. Then, as new information (weather, market conditions) is revealed, farmers can change output by influencing the yield. This recursive structure enables to separate the effects of the constraints on the... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Crop Diversification; Maize Productivity; Recursive Decisions; Two-stage Estimation; Censored Dependent Variables; Community/Rural/Urban Development; International Development; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; O1; Q1. |
| Ano: 2000 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21877 |
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| Kimhi, Ayal; Rubin, Ofir D.. |
| After nearly fifty years of stability and stagnation of dairy market regulations in Israel, a dramatic policy reform has been enacted in 1999. The reform enabled farm households, for the first time, to trade production quotas. In addition, the reform signaled to farmers that milk prices will gradually go down in real terms, and therefore only producers who expand and become more efficient will prevail. The reform allowed for generous financial support for investment in expansion, but also required the adoption of environmental regulations which could be costly to many farm families. This paper uses data from a census of small family-operated dairy enterprises that was conducted in 2001, in order to analyze the response of farm households to the reform. The... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Milk policy reform; Technology adoption; Intergenerational succession; Agricultural and Food Policy; Livestock Production/Industries. |
| Ano: 2006 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7134 |
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| Kimhi, Ayal. |
| Throughout the developed world, the share of agriculture in total income of the rural population is declining. This is due to push and pull factors. On one hand, terms of trade of agriculture are falling and farmers are forced to seek additional income sources. On the other hand, population expansion in rural areas, including an important component of urban-to-rural migration, creates attractive opportunities for alternative income-generating activities. The question is whether agriculture is good or bad for rural well-being. Are communities with more agriculture composed of stronger farms that enhance economic well-being, or perhaps more agriculture means lack of alternatives, in which case the outcome is the opposite? The answer has important... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development. |
| Ano: 2005 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19341 |
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| Kimhi, Ayal; Tzur, Nitzan. |
| This article proposes a nonparametric analysis in which the change in the distribution of farm size between two periods is decomposed into several components, and the contributions of subgroups of farms to this change are analyzed. Using data on Israeli family farms, we analyze the changes in the farm size distribution in two separate time periods that are characterized by very different market conditions, focusing on the different contributions of full-time farms and part-time farms to the overall distributional changes. We find that between 1971 and 1981, a period characterized by stability and prosperity, the farm size distribution has shifted to the right with relatively minor changes in higher moments of the distribution. On the other hand, between... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods. |
| Ano: 2011 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/99217 |
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| Heizler, Odelia; Kimhi, Ayal. |
| This paper analyzes the effect of family composition, and in particular the number of children, the age gap between the oldest and youngest child and the age of the youngest child, on parents’ involvement in social networks. The predictions of a simple theoretical model are confirmed by an empirical analysis of Israeli Social Survey data for 2002- 2006. The number of children has a U -shaped effect on parents' involvement in social networks, with substantial differences between fathers and mothers. The negative effect is dominant on the mothers’ involvement in social networks, while the positive effect is dominant on the father's involvement in social networks. The age gap between children has a positive effect on both parents’ involvement in social... |
| Tipo: Article |
Palavras-chave: Social Networks; Family Composition; Children.; Community/Rural/Urban Development. |
| Ano: 2011 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/121698 |
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| Kimhi, Ayal. |
| This comment critically discusses the theoretical and empirical treatment of corner solutions in the analysis of labor decisions on farm households. As more and more labor decisions are analyzed jointly, the more ambitious becomes the theoretical justification of empirical applications. "Cutting corners" in theoretical models puts the validity of empirical conclusions in doubt. In such cases relying on intuitive theoretical justification of empirical modeling is preferred. |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development. |
| Ano: 2009 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53198 |
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| Kimhi, Ayal. |
| Agricultural productivity is known to decline with farm size in many developing countries. This may be a result of market imperfections, such as missing rural labor markets. On the other hand, there may be economies of scale in farming, due, for instance, to the importance of lumpy inputs. Hence, it is not theoretically obvious that the inverse relationship prevails in all situations. Indeed, several studies found non-monotonic relationships between productivity and farm size, with productivity decreasing with size up to a certain size and increasing beyond that point. This paper examines the relationship between Maize productivity and plot size in Zambia. If offers a unique empirical approach. First, it focuses on Maize, which is the major crop on... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Maize Yield; Plot Size; Inverse Relationship; Recursive Decisions; Two-stage Estimation; Two-sided Tobit; Selectivity Correction; Crop Production/Industries; O1 (Economic Development); Q1 (Agriculture).. |
| Ano: 2003 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14980 |
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| Evenson, Robert E.; Kimhi, Ayal; Desilva, Sanjaya. |
| Labor markets in all economies are subject to transaction costs associated with recruiting, monitoring and supervising workers. The level of transaction costs affects labor and land contract choices and family labor advantages. Rural labor markets in developing economies, where institutions such as labor and contract law and formal employment assistance mechanisms are not in place, are regarded to be particularly sensitive to transaction cost conditions. A number of studies of contract choice support this contention. The inherent difficulty of measuring transaction costs, however, has limited studies on this topic. In this paper, we analyze supervision activities reported in a cross-section survey of rice farmers in the Bicol region of the Philippines.... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries. |
| Ano: 2000 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21788 |
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| Dolev, Yuval; Kimhi, Ayal. |
| We analyze the growth of family farms in Israeli cooperative villages between 1981 and 1995, using longitudinal data. We use instrumental variable techniques to account for the endogeneity of initial farm size, and correct for selectivity due to farm survival. Both endegeneity and sample selection are found important in this case. We find that smaller farms grow faster, so that there is convergence of farm sizes at the bottom end of the size distribution. There is weak evidence that this convergence process slows down at the upper part of the size distribution. We also find a positive effect of farm specialization on growth, indicating the possibility of scale economies. Farm capital stock affects farm survival but not growth itself, once accounting for... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Farm Management. |
| Ano: 2006 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7146 |
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| Kimhi, Ayal. |
| This article examines the importance of non-farm income in reducing per-capita income inequality among agricultural households in southern Ethiopia, with an emphasis on the gender dimension. Using a modified technique of inequality decomposition by income sources applied to household survey data, it was found that female non-farm labor income is the only income source that significantly reduces per-capita income inequality. More precisely, a uniform increase in female non-farm labor income, among households that already have income from this source, reduces inequality. Encouraging women to devote more time to non-farm income-generating activities, and creating market mechanisms that increase earnings in these activities, could potentially lift households... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Labor and Human Capital. |
| Ano: 2011 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/114756 |
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| Kimhi, Ayal. |
| In Israel, rural communities are those with up to 2000 residents, and rural areas include only rural communities. This paper explores the dependence of rural incomes on nearby urban areas. This dependence is mostly implied by rural-to-urban or urban-to-rural selective migration (or both). Migration flows can be affected by differential wages, housing costs and other amenities, and by commuting costs and costs of migration. An income generating equation, that includes characteristics of nearby urban communities as well as other spatial indicators among the explanatory variables, is estimated for rural households in Moshav villages using 2006 survey data. The results show that the population of nearby urban communities is significantly associated with rural... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics. |
| Ano: 2010 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/93134 |
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| Registros recuperados: 37 | |
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