|
|
|
| Registros recuperados: 13 | |
|
|
| Pardey, Philip G.; Koo, Bonwoo; Drew, Jennifer; Nottenburg, Carol. |
| The United States was the first country in the world to explicitly offer intellectual property protection for plant varieties. Beginning in 1930, asexually reproduced plants were afforded plant patent protection, in 1970 sexually propagated plants could be awarded plant variety protection certificates, and beginning in 1985, courts confirmed that varieties of all types of plants were eligible for utility patents. From 1930 to 2008, a total of 34,340 varietal rights applications were lodged. The number of rights being sought continues to grow, with 42 percent of all the varietal rights claimed since 2000. Contrary to popular perception, most of these rights are for horticultural crops (69 percent), with ornamentals accounting for the lion’s share of the... |
| Tipo: Working Paper |
Palavras-chave: Plant patents; Plant variety protection; Utility patents; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q16; Q18; O32; O34. |
| Ano: 2012 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119346 |
| |
|
| |
|
|
| Linacre, Nicholas A.; Koo, Bonwoo; Rosegrant, Mark W.; Msangi, Siwa; Falck-Zepeda, Jose Benjamin; Gaskell, Joanne; Komen, John; Cohen, Marc J.; Birner, Regina. |
| In some developing countries the potential exists for agroterrorism to cause widespread disruption through loss of sustenance, income and production. Defense of agriculture may also be problematic because of the lack stability and basic biosecurity infrastructure for the detection and prevention of diseases or invasive species. Currently new methodological approaches for terrorism risk assessments are being actively explored for resource prioritization. One such methodology for risk based allocation of resources is Threat, Vulnerability, and Consequence (TVC) Analysis. A qualitative application of the TVC framework is used to analyze the risk of agroterrorism in developing countries relative to industrialized countries. The analysis suggests that evidence... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Agroterrorism; Terrorism risk analysis; Biosecurity; International Development; International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 2005 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59238 |
| |
|
|
| Koo, Bonwoo; Wright, Brian D.. |
| When a new technology consists of sequences of innovations that culminate in a final consumer product, the balance between successive innovators is one of the main concerns in the design of the patent system. While intertemporal aspects of incentive are critical in this environment of sequential innovations, time plays a minor role in existing literature on dynamic models. By focusing on the incentives of follow-on innovators who commercialize an initial invention, this study examines the dynamic implications of the patent instrument (e.g., patent life) via a positive analysis. It shows that a long patent life may encourage innovation incentives and increase social welfare, contrary to existing arguments that argue that long patent life always discourages... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Patent life; Research tool; Licensing; Rent dissipation; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies. |
| Ano: 2002 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16095 |
| |
|
|
| Koo, Bonwoo; Wright, Brian D.. |
| The lack of ex-ante evaluation of germplasm in genebanks has been the single most prevalent and long-standing complaint of plant breeders about the management of genebanks. Advances in biotechnology offer the possibility of faster, cheaper, and more efficient evaluation methodologies. Will these new technologies favor ex-post evaluation, as some expect, or will it lead to more ex-ante evaluation? Will it also lead to earlier development of varieties with disease resistance traits in anticipation of actual infestations? Will the prospect of further advances in biotechnology favor delay of evaluation and development? This paper addresses these questions in the case of evaluation of germplasm for resistance to a disease. |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Gene banks; Plant; Biotechnology; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies. |
| Ano: 1999 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97514 |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
| Koo, Bonwoo; Pardey, Philip G.; Qian, Keming; Zhang, Yi. |
| Notwithstanding the ambiguous research and productivity promoting effects of plant variety protections (PVPs), even in developed countries, many developing countries have adopted PVPs in the past few years to comply with their Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) obligations. Seeking and maintaining PVPs reserves options to an expected revenue stream from the future sale of protected varieties, the value of which varies for a host of reasons. In this paper we empirically examine the pattern of plant variety protection applications in China since its PVP laws were first introduced in 1997. We place those PVP rights in the context of China's present and likely future seed markets to identify the economic incentives and institutional... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Intellectual Property Rights; Crop Improvement; Option Value; Seed Markets; Crop Production/Industries. |
| Ano: 2003 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16052 |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
| Pardey, Philip G.; Koo, Bonwoo; Wright, Brian D.; Van Dusen, M. Eric; Skovmand, Bent; Taba, Suketoshi. |
| Worldwide, the number of genebanks and the amount of seed stored in them has increased substantially over the past few decades. Most attention is focused on the likely benefits from conservation, but conserving germplasm involves costs whose nature and magnitude are largely unknown. Because more resources spent on conserving germplasm often means less spent on characterizing the collection or using the saved seeds in crop-improvement research, knowledge of the costs of germplasm conservation has important, possibly long run, R&D management, policy, and food-security consequences. Moreover, these costs place a lower bound on the benefits deemed likely to justify the expense of saving this seed. In this paper we compile and use a set of cost data for... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Germplasm conservation; Gene banks; Plant; Maize -- Breeding; Wheat -- Breeding; Rate of return; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy. |
| Ano: 1999 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97509 |
| |
|
| |
| Registros recuperados: 13 | |
|
|
|
