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| Registros recuperados: 35 | |
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| Skinner, Colin; Krauss, Maike; Conen, Franz; Hansen, Sissel; Mayer, Jochen; Neftel, Albrecht; Mäder, Paul; Gattinger, Andreas. |
| Organic farming systems provide multiple environmental benefits. Concerning climate change they have a substantial mitigation potential. Skinner et al. (2014) evaluated with Meta-Analysis the global dataset on comparative field measurements of soil greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes under organic and non-organic agricultural management that have been published by the end of 2012. They showed that for arable land-use under organic management compared to non-organic 1) the cumulated area-scaled N2O emissions are about 15 % lower, 2) yield-scaled N2O emissions are slightly higher and 3) CH4 uptake is higher. However, this database is thin and further field measurements covering whole crop rotations are needed to close knowledge gaps. Therefore soil GHG fluxes are... |
| Tipo: Conference paper, poster, etc. |
Palavras-chave: Soil. |
| Ano: 2015 |
URL: http://orgprints.org/26920/2/26920_skinner.pdf |
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| Krauss, Maike; Mäder, Paul; Peigne, Joséphine; Cooper, Julia. |
| Conservation tillage in organic farming combines the principles of organic farming with the benefits of soil erosion control achieved by the conversion from ploughing to either reduced tillage or no-tillage/direct-seeding. This chapter reviews more than two decades of on-station and on-farm research. The chapter outlines the main benefits of conservation tillage before considering its main challenges. The chapter also contains a number of specific case studies from the field. Finally, the chapter looks ahead to future research trends in this area and offers detailed guidance on where to find further information about this subject. |
| Tipo: Book chapter |
Palavras-chave: Soil tillage. |
| Ano: 2018 |
URL: http://orgprints.org/34333/1/Book-%20Improving%20organic%20crop%20cultivation.pdf |
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| Cania, Barbara; Vestergaard, Gisle; Krauss, Maike; Fliessbach, Andreas; Schloter, Michael; Schulz, Stefanie. |
| Background: Stable soil aggregates are essential for optimal crop growth and preventing soil erosion. However, tillage is often used in agriculture to loosen the soil, which disrupts the integrity of these aggregates. Soil aggregation can be enhanced by bacteria through their ability to produce exopolysaccharides and lipopolysaccharides. These compounds stabilize soil aggregates by “gluing” soil particles together. However, it has yet to be shown how tillage influences the bacterial potential to produce aggregate-stabilizing agents. Therefore, we sampled conventional and reduced tillage treatments at 0–10 cm, 10–20 cm and 20–50 cm from a long-term field trial in Frick, Switzerland. We compared the stable aggregate fraction of the soil and the bacterial... |
| Tipo: Journal paper |
Palavras-chave: Soil quality; Soil biology; Biodiversity and ecosystem services. |
| Ano: 2019 |
URL: http://orgprints.org/35214/1/Cania_EnvMic_2019.pdf |
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| Böhler, Daniel; Dierauer, Hansueli; Krauss, Maike; Schmid, Nathaniel; Clerc, Maurice; Locher, Michael. |
| Die wendende Bodenbearbeitung mit dem Pflug ist im biologischen und im konventionellen Ackerbau nach wie vor stark verbreitet. Im Biolandbau gilt der Pflug oft als Ersatz für die fehlenden Herbizide. Durch die wendende Bodenbearbeitung werden Ernterückstände und Samen in die Pflugtiefe von ca. 20 cm vergraben. Das hindert die Samen an der Keimung. Gepflügte Böden trocknen schneller ab. Das Zeitfenster für die Aussaat wird dadurch grösser. Auch der Start der Kulturen ist durch die schnell einsetzende Mineralisierung am besten. Der Pflug hat neben seinen vielen Vorteilen aber auch gewichtige Nachteile, die oft vergessen gehen. Er fördert den Humusabbau, die Regenwürmer mit ihren Röhrensystemen werden zerstört, die Erosionsgefahr steigt, Verdichtungen im... |
| Tipo: Report |
Palavras-chave: Soil quality; Soil tillage; Weed management; Environmental aspects. |
| Ano: 2018 |
URL: http://orgprints.org/34896/1/boehler-etal-2018-Zwischenbericht_Sur-la-Croix2018_Boden_def.pdf |
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| Fließbach, Andreas; Krauss, Maike; Maurer, C.; Dierauer, Hansueli; Mäder, Paul. |
| When residues and organic fertilizers are not incorporated into the soil, they build a top soil layer that is enriched in soil organic matter. This is leading to a soil layer with increased biological activity, while the soil layers below, receive less inputs in form of residues or manures and show a reduction in soil organic matter and biological activity. Soils from a replicated field trial and two on-farm trials were analysed for biological soil quality 6 years after the implementation of reduced tillage (RT) as compared to plough. Whilst crop yields were slightly lower with RT, weed cover was increasing, but not to a level that would compromise yields. Soils under RT accumulated soil organic matter in the tilled top layer of 0-10 cm, while in the... |
| Tipo: Conference paper, poster, etc. |
Palavras-chave: Soil quality; Soil biology; Soil. |
| Ano: 2017 |
URL: http://orgprints.org/31809/1/Reduzierte%20Bodenbearbeitung%20reichert%20Humus%20und%20Biomasse%20an.pdf |
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| Gattinger, Andreas; Skinner, Colin; Krauss, Maike; Mäder, Paul. |
| Despite the increase in organic cropland, knowledge on the impact of organic farming on soil-derived nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) emissions is rather limited. To improve the knowledge base, N2O and CH4 fluxes were investigated in a 571 day lasting cropping sequence in the “DOK” field trial. Two organic and two non-organic farming systems and an unfertilized control were chosen. For the whole monitoring, the two organic systems combined emitted 40% less N2O than the two non-organic ones cumulated on area-scale. Yield-scaled cumulated N2O emissions were nearly 10% lower for the organic systems combined, despite the yield gap of 27%. We found that besides N input, management induced soil quality properties drive differences in N2O emissions between... |
| Tipo: Conference paper, poster, etc. |
Palavras-chave: Soil quality; Nutrient turnover; Air and water emissions. |
| Ano: 2019 |
URL: http://orgprints.org/36205/1/Beitrag_278_final_a.pdf |
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| Hüppi, Roman; Neftel, Albrecht; Lehmann, Moritz F.; Krauss, Maike; Six, Johan; Leifeld, Jens. |
| Biochar, a carbon-rich, porous pyrolysis product of organic residues, is evaluated as an option to tackle major problems of the global food system. Applied to soil, biochar can sequester carbon and have beneficial effects on nitrogen (N) cycling, thereby enhancing crop yields and reducing nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. There is little understanding of the underlying mechanisms, but many experiments indicated increased yields and manifold changes in N transformation, suggesting an increase in N use efficiency. Biochar's effects can be positive in extensively managed tropical agriculture, however less is known about its use in temperate soils with intensive fertilisation. We tested the effect of slow pyrolysis wood chip biochar on N use efficiency, crop... |
| Tipo: Journal paper |
Palavras-chave: Soil quality Cereals; Pulses and oilseeds Air and water emissions. |
| Ano: 2016 |
URL: http://orgprints.org/34685/1/hueppi_etal-2016_EnvironResLett-Vol11-p084013.pdf |
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| Hansen, Sissel; Frøseth, Randi Berland; Stenberg, Maria; Stalenga, Jarosław; Olesen, Jørgen E.; Krauss, Maike; Radzikowski, Pawel; Doltra, Jordi; Nadeem, Shahid; Torp, Torfinn; Pappa, Valentini; Watson, Christine. |
| Abstract. The emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O) and leaching of nitrate (NO3) have considerable negative impacts on climate and the environment. Although these environmental burdens are on average less per unit area in organic than in non-organic production, they are not smaller per unit of product. If organic farming is to maintain its goal of being an environmentally friendly production system, these emissions should be mitigated. We discuss the impact of possible triggers within organic arable farming practice for the risk of N2O emissions and NO3 leaching under European climatic conditions, and possible strategies to reduce these. Organic arable crop rotations can be characterised as diverse with frequent use of legumes, intercropping and organic... |
| Tipo: Journal paper |
Palavras-chave: "Organics" in general; Crop husbandry; Air and water emissions; Soil; Environmental aspects. |
| Ano: 2018 |
URL: http://orgprints.org/34138/2/FertilCrop%20WP5.2%20%20N2O%20_%20NO3%20version%2029%20submitted%20with%20captions.pdf |
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| Hansen, Sissel; Frøseth, Randi Berland; Stenberg, Maria; Stalenga, Jarosław; Olesen, Jørgen E.; Krauss, Maike; Radzikowski, Pawel; Doltra, Jordi; Nadeem, Shahid; Torp, Torfinn; Pappa, Valentini; Watson, Christine. |
| The emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O) and leaching of nitrate (NO3) from agricultural cropping systems have considerable negative impacts on climate and the environment. Although these environmental burdens are less per unit area in organic than in non-organic production on average, they are roughly similar per unit of product. If organic farming is to maintain its goal of being environmentally friendly, these loadings must be addressed. We discuss the impact of possible drivers of N2O emissions and NO3 leaching within organic arable farming practice under European climatic conditions, and potential strategies to reduce these. Organic arable crop rotations are generally diverse with the frequent use of legumes, intercropping and organic fertilisers. The... |
| Tipo: Journal paper |
Palavras-chave: Soil quality; Air and water emissions. |
| Ano: 2019 |
URL: http://orgprints.org/36302/1/bg-16-2795-2019.pdf |
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| Geißler, M.; Armengot, Laura; Mäder, Paul; Krauss, Maike. |
| Armengot L, Berner A, Blanco-Moreno J, Mäder P & Sans FX (2014) Long-term feasibility of reduced tillage in organic farming. Agron Sustain Dev 35(1): 339-346. Cooper J et al. (2016) Shallow non-inversion tillage in organic farming maintains crop yields and increases soil C stocks: a meta-analysis. Agron Sustain Dev 36: 1-20. Gruber S & Claupein W (2009) Effect of tillage intensity on weed infestation in organic farming. Soil and Tillage Research 105(1): 104-111. Montgomery DR (2007) Dirt: The Erosion of Civilizations. University of California Press, California. Moonen AC & Barberi P (2004) Size and composition of the weed seedbank after 7 years of different cover-crop-maize management systems. Weed Research 44(3): 163-177. |
| Tipo: Conference paper, poster, etc. |
Palavras-chave: Soil tillage Crop health; Quality; Protection Weed management. |
| Ano: 2017 |
URL: http://orgprints.org/31576/1/Beikrautsamenvorrat%20im%20Vergleich%20reduzierter%20und.pdf |
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| Steinemann, Beatrice; Gattinger, Andreas; Krauss, Maike; Berner, Alfred; Leiber, Florian; Maurer, Veronika; Meier, Matthias; Oehen, Bernadette; Bautze, Lin; Niggli, Urs. |
| Anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions have increased since the pre-industrial era, driven largely by economic and population growth, and are now higher than ever. This has led to atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide that are unprecedented in at least the last 800 000 years. Their effects, together with those of other anthropogenic drivers, have been detected throughout the climate system and are extremely likely to have been the dominant cause of the observed warming since the mid-20th century. |
| Tipo: Other |
Palavras-chave: "Organics" in general Farming Systems Air and water emissions Values; Standards and certification Biodiversity and ecosystem services Landscape and recreation Knowledge management. |
| Ano: 2014 |
URL: http://orgprints.org/29863/1/ifoam_ifoameu_policy_air_quality_climate_dossier_2014.pdf |
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| Berner, Alfred; Mäder, Paul; Messmer, Monika; Fließbach, Andreas; Krauss, Maike; Dierauer, Hansueli; Clerc, Maurice; Koller, Martin; Meier, Matthias; Schader, Christian. |
| Steigert pfluglose Bodenbearbeitung im Ökolandbau den Humusgehalt? Oder Bodenfruchtbarkeit bzw. Erträge? Feld- und Praxisversuche des Schweizer FiBL gehen u.a. diesen Fragen nach, auch in einer Variante mit biodynamischen Präparaten. |
| Tipo: Journal paper |
Palavras-chave: Soil quality; Soil tillage. |
| Ano: 2012 |
URL: http://orgprints.org/21815/1/berner-etal-2012-lebendigeErde-3-p40-43.pdf |
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| Registros recuperados: 35 | |
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