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| Registros recuperados: 18 | |
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| Lavoie, Nathalie; Liu, Qihong. |
| Pricing to market (PTM) has been examined extensively in the recent trade literature using Knetter's (1989) model. The technique is typically applied using export unit values that aggregate differentiated products. We examine the potential bias in PTM results when using export unit values using a vertical differentiation model. We find that: i) false evidence of PTM ("pseudo PTM") is always found due to aggregation when calculating export unit values, whether the law of one price (LOP) holds or not; ii)when markets are segmented, the fraction of pseudo PTM increases with the level of product differentiation. Correspondingly, our simulation results suggest that: i) it is possible to get a statistically significant estimate of the exchange rate coefficient,... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Marketing. |
| Ano: 2004 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20287 |
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| Lavoie, Nathalie. |
| Recent surveys of wheat importers indicate that countries that import wheat via a state-trading enterprise (STE) are less sensitive to quality issues in import decision-making than countries that import wheat through private traders. This study examines conceptually and empirically the impact of the deregulation of wheat imports on the quality and source of wheat imports. |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 2003 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14512 |
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| Lavoie, Nathalie. |
| This study examines the ability of the Canadian Wheat Board (CWB) to price discriminate in bread wheat exports. This study models wheat as a vertically differentiated intermediate good and modifies the model of vertical differentiation by Mussa and Rosen to the realities of wheat import demand. The conceptual model isolates the bases of price discrimination and demonstrates that the CWBs ability to exploit cost differences in pricing depends on the extent of the differentiation between Canadian and U.S. wheat. This model is implemented using monthly confidential price data provided by the CWB for exports to Japan, the United Kingdom, and two markets aggregating remaining exports through Canadas west and east coasts, for 1982 1994. The data indicate that... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; Industrial Organization; International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 2002 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25210 |
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| Wang, Shinn-Shyr; Rojas, Christian; Lavoie, Nathalie. |
| We consider a model of vertical competition where downstream firms (retailers) purchase an upstream input from a monopolist and are able to differentiate from each other in terms of quality. Our primary focus is to study the effects of introducing a large retailer, such as a Wal-Mart Supercenter, that is able to lower wholesale prices (i.e. buyer market power). We obtain two main results. First, the store with no buyer market power responds to the presence of the large retailer by increasing its quality, a finding that is consistent with recent efforts by traditional retailers to enhance shoppers’ buying experience (i.e. quality). Second, the presence of a large retailer causes consumer welfare to increase. There are, however, two reasons for the increase... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Buyer market power; Vertical differentiation; Wal-Mart; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; Farm Management; Financial Economics; Food Security and Poverty; Industrial Organization; Marketing; D43; L13; L81; M31; Q13. |
| Ano: 2010 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57165 |
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| Lavoie, Nathalie. |
| This study examines the ability of the Canadian Wheat Board (CWB) to price discriminate in bread wheat exports. The conceptual model isolates the bases of price discrimination and demonstrates that the CWB's ability to exploit cost differences in pricing depends on the extent of the differentiation between Canadian and U.S. wheat. This model is implemented using monthly confidential price data provided by the CWB for exports to Japan, the United Kingdom, and two markets aggregating remaining exports through Canada's west and east coasts, for 1982-1994. The data indicate that the CWB charges different prices to different countries for wheat of the same grade and protein content. Results from the model indicate that the price difference between any two... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 2002 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19646 |
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| Volpe, Richard J., III; Lavoie, Nathalie. |
| This study analyzes the effect of the presence of Wal-Mart Supercenters on the prices at conventional supermarkets in Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Rhode Island. Using price indexes constructed from primary price data on a basket of 54 goods and holding several demographics and market conditions constant, we determine that Supercenters result in a 7.79% average price reduction in national brand goods and a 6.38% average price reduction in private label goods. Wal-Mart Supercenters also price their groceries on average 15.65% lower than supermarkets competing with Supercenters and 22.28% lower than supermarkets geographically distant from Supercenters. |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Marketing. |
| Ano: 2005 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19188 |
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| Chalfant, James A.; James, Jennifer S.; Lavoie, Nathalie; Sexton, Richard J.. |
| Grading systems are often introduced to address the classic adverse selection problem associated with asymmetric information about product quality. However, grades are rarely measured perfectly, and adverse selection outcomes may persist due to grading error. We study the effects of errors in grading, focusing on asymmetric grading errors- namely when low-quality product can erroneously be classified as high quality, but not vice versa. In conceptual model, we show the effects of asymmetric grading errors on returns to producers. Application to the California prune industry shows that grading errors reduce incentives to produce more valuable, larger prunes. |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries. |
| Ano: 1999 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30878 |
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| Volpe, Richard J., III; Lavoie, Nathalie. |
| This study examines the competitive price effect of Wal-Mart Supercenters on national brand and private label grocery prices in New England. For this purpose, we use primary price data collected on a basket of identical products from six Supercenters in Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Rhode Island as well as a sample of conventional supermarkets. Taking into account demographics, store characteristics, and market conditions, we estimate the average prices charged by (1) Supercenters, (2) supermarkets competing directly with Supercenters, and by (3) supermarkets geographically distant from Supercenters. By comparing prices at competing stores and at distant stores, we show that the effect of Wal-Mart Supercenters is to decrease prices by 6 to 7 percent for... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Demand and Price Analysis; Marketing. |
| Ano: 2006 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14515 |
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| McEvoy, David M.; Brandt, Sylvia J.; Lavoie, Nathalie; Anders, Sven M.. |
| In this paper we use a general model of imperfect competition to predict welfare changes within an open-access fishery transitioning to individual transferable quota (ITQ) management. Although related research has explored the effects of market power in the harvesting sector on ITQ performance, none have considered the implications of an imperfectly competitive processing sector. This study addresses this question specifically in the context of the Atlantic herring fishery, although its implications are relevant to all fisheries with similar industry structure. Our results show that ITQs could have a negative impact on fishermen’s welfare when processors have market power and the cap on aggregate harvest is binding or becomes binding with the... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: ITQ; Imperfect competition; Welfare analysis; Fisheries; Risk and Uncertainty; D43; Q22; Q28; L13. |
| Ano: 2007 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7389 |
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| Lavoie, Nathalie; Liu, Qihong. |
| We employ a vertical differentiation model to examine the potential bias in pricing-to-market (PTM) results when using unit values aggregating differentiated products. Our results show that: i) false evidence of PTM ("pseudo PTM") is always found when using unit values, whether the law of one price holds or not; and ii) the extent to which results are biased due to pseudo PTM increases with the level of product differentiation. Correspondingly, our simulation results suggest that: i) it is possible to get a statistically significant estimate of the exchange rate coefficient, even when there is no real PTM; ii) the probability of a false PTM finding increases with product differentiation. Pseudo PTM is the result of a change in the mix of qualities imported... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Demand and Price Analysis; Marketing. |
| Ano: 2004 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14524 |
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| Lavoie, Nathalie. |
| This paper develops a conceptual and empirical model to examine price discrimination in Canadian bread wheat exports. The industrial organization and trade literature have primarily focused on consumer goods. However, the nature of intermediate goods is such that the current New Empirical Industrial Organization (NEIO) approaches and trade models are not readily applicable. This study modifies the model of quality differentiation developed by Mussa and Rosen (1978) to the realities of bread wheat import demand. The outline of an empirical model designed to test and isolate the bases of price discrimination under quality differentiation is also presented. |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 2001 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20603 |
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| Registros recuperados: 18 | |
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