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| Levitus, S.; Antonov, Ji; Boyer, Tp; Baranova, Ok; Garcia, He; Locamini, Ra; Mishonov, Av; Reagan, Jr; Seidiv, D; Yarosh, Es; Zweng, Mm. |
| We provide updated estimates of the change of ocean heat content and the thermosteric component of sea level change of the 0–700 and 0–2000 m layers of the World Ocean for 1955–2010. Our estimates are based on historical data not previously available, additional modern data, and bathythermograph data corrected for instrumental biases. We have also used Argo data corrected by the Argo DAC if available and used uncorrected Argo data if no corrections were available at the time we downloaded the Argo data. The heat content of the World Ocean for the 0–2000 m layer increased by 24.0 ± 1.9 × 1022 J (±2S.E.) corresponding to a rate of 0.39 W m−2 (per unit area of the World Ocean) and a volume mean warming of 0.09°C. This warming corresponds to a rate of... |
| Tipo: Text |
Palavras-chave: Climate variability; Ocean heat content. |
| Ano: 2012 |
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00661/77337/78770.pdf |
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| Levitus, S.; Antonov, J. I.; Boyer, T. P.; Locarnini, R. A.; Garcia, H. E.; Mishonov, A. V.. |
| We provide estimates of the warming of the world ocean for 1955-2008 based on historical data not previously available, additional modern data, correcting for instrumental biases of bathythermograph data, and correcting or excluding some Argo float data. The strong interdecadal variability of global ocean heat content reported previously by us is reduced in magnitude but the linear trend in ocean heat content remain similar to our earlier estimate. Citation: Levitus, S., J. I. Antonov, T. P. Boyer, R. A. Locarnini, H. E. Garcia, and A. V. Mishonov (2009), Global ocean heat content 1955-2008 in light of recently revealed instrumentation problems, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L07608, doi: 10.1029/2008GL037155. |
| Tipo: Text |
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| Ano: 2009 |
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00660/77168/78560.pdf |
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| Levitus, S.. |
| The IOC Global Oceanographic Data Archaeology and Rescue (GODAR) Project was established by the IOC in 1993. The goal of the project is to expand the historical database of ocean profile-plankton data. The project does this by: 1) locating historical data that are at risk of being lost due to media decay and disasters (archaeology). For example, paper and/or electronic media can become unreadable with time and/or they can be lost due to fire, flooding and other disasters; 2) digitizing manuscript data and copying data in electronic form that are at risk of loss and transferring these data into internationally available databases (rescue). The IOC World Ocean Database (WOD) Project was established by the IOC in 2001. The purpose of the WOD Project is to... |
| Tipo: Report |
Palavras-chave: Oceanographic data; Archaeology. |
| Ano: 2003 |
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1834/1826 |
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| Levitus, S.. |
| All countries have a concern about climate change because of the global impact of climate variability whether this variability is of natural or anthropogenic origin. In 1996, the United Nations Intergovernmental Programme on Climate Change (IPCC, 1966) concluded that “The balance of evidence suggests a discernible human influence of climate.” If international agreements are to be implemented due to concern about climate change, the science on which these agreements are based must be international in scope. All data on which such research studies are based must therefore be available to the international scientific community without restriction and in an electronically, easily accessible form, with all the necessary metadata. The international... |
| Tipo: Report |
Palavras-chave: Oceanographic data. |
| Ano: 2000 |
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1834/1818 |
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| Levitus, S.. |
| World Data Center (WDC) for Oceanography is one component of a global network of discipline subcenters that facilitate international exchange of scientific data. Originally established during the International Geophysical Year of 1957-58, the World Data Center System functions under the guidance of the International Council of Scientific Unions (ICSU). WDC for Oceanography, Silver Spring, is collocated with, and operated by the U.S. National Oceanographic Data Center (NODC). In accordance with principles set forth by ICSU, WDC for Oceanography acquires, catalogues, and archives data, publications, and data inventory forms and makes them available to requesters in the international scientific community. To improve user access, the WDC provides copies of... |
| Tipo: Report |
Palavras-chave: Oceanography. |
| Ano: 2003 |
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1834/1764 |
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| Levitus, S.. |
| Since its inception in 1993 as an IOC project, the GODAR Project continues its progress in locating, collecting, and disseminating in electronic form, historical ocean profile and plankton data that are at risk of loss due to media decay. To date, data from approximately 1.05 million Station Data casts, 1.15 million MBT casts, 610,000 XBT casts, 145,000 high resolution CTD casts, and 142,000 Plankton Tows have been recovered and distributed without restriction to the international scientific community. |
| Tipo: Conference Material |
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| Ano: 2005 |
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1834/2638 |
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| Levitus, S.. |
| Two regional GODAR meetings have been held since the IODE XV meeting in 1996. A meeting was held in Cartagena, Colombia during 1996 for Caribbean and Central American countries (IOC Workshop report No. 127). A meeting was held in Accra, Ghana for countries of West Africa in 1997 (IOC Workshop report No. 136). These workshops helped to identify data held in manuscript and electronic form in each participating member states and the state of their preservation. GODAR Project accomplishments include the addition of: a) 2.3 million temperature profiles b) 100,000 chlorophyll profiles c) 600,000 plankton observations to internationally available oceanographic databases. |
| Tipo: Report |
Palavras-chave: Oceanographic data. |
| Ano: 2000 |
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1834/1817 |
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| Levitus, S.. |
| Since its inception in 1993 as an IOC project, the Global Oceanographic Data Archaeology and Rescue (GODAR) Project continues its progress in locating, collecting, quality controlling, and disseminating in electronic form, historical ocean profile and plankton data that are at risk of loss due to media decay. Only data for the pre-1992 period are considered to be “historical” data for the purposes of the GODAR project. |
| Tipo: Conference Material |
Palavras-chave: Oceanographic data. |
| Ano: 2007 |
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1834/2819 |
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