|
|
|
| Registros recuperados: 36 | |
|
|
| Parker, Douglas D.; Lichtenberg, Erik. |
| Nonpoint sources of water pollutants, in particular, nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorus, are increasingly a focus of US water pollution policy. In most cases, agriculture is the largest contributor of these pollutants, in part because, until recently, it has largely remained unregulated. Recently, however, a number of initiatives have targeted nutrient runoff and leaching from animal agriculture. Many states have promulgated new nutrient management regulations stipulating that manure be disposed of in ways that limit runoff and leaching to acceptably low levels. Stricter state regulations have been especially common in the Mid-Atlantic and Southeast, where excess nutrients have proven particularly problematic (Gollehon et al.). In 2003, the US... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy. |
| Ano: 2004 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20249 |
| |
|
|
| Lichtenberg, Erik. |
| A theoretical analysis of equilibrium contracts between risk neutral landlords and tenants when tenants' soil exploitation is non-contractible indicates that landlords will overinvest in conservation structures. An empirical model using farm-level data provides evidence that investment in contractible soil conservation measures is greater on rental land. |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Land Economics/Use. |
| Ano: 2001 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20489 |
| |
|
|
| Lichtenberg, Erik. |
| Rapid urbanization enhances the desirability of policies for preserving open space but policies intended to preserve open space may extend the urban boundary and create leapfrog development. We investigate this potential conflict between open space preservation and urban sprawl conceptually and empirically using data from the Baltimore-Washington suburbs. In accord with previous theoretical and empirical results, the estimated econometric model indicates that both zoning and forest planting requirements contribute to sprawl by increasing the amount of land needed to accommodate the current number of households. These results point to a conflict between preserving open space incorporated into private building lots or internal to sub-divisions and public... |
| Tipo: Article |
Palavras-chave: Maryland Forest Conservation Act; Open space; Sprawl; Zoning; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use. |
| Ano: 2011 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/120451 |
| |
|
|
| Lichtenberg, Erik. |
| Rapid urbanization enhances the desirability of policies for preserving open space but those policies may expand the urban boundary and create leapfrog development. We investigate this potential conflict between open space preservation and urban sprawl conceptually and empirically using data from the Baltimore-Washington suburbs. The estimated econometric model indicates that both zoning and forest planting requirements contribute to sprawl by increasing the amount of land needed to accommodate the current number of households. The impacts of these regulations on sprawl are modest, however, increasing urbanized area by less than one percent in response to a one percent increase in any of these three forms of regulation. Thus, while there does seem to... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Land Economics/Use; R52; R14. |
| Ano: 2008 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37812 |
| |
|
|
| Ding, Chengri; Lichtenberg, Erik. |
| This paper investigates the economic incentives for urban spatial expansion in China by estimating the value of urban land using an econometric model applied to data from the 220 largest Chinese cities for the period 1996-2003. The results are consistent with the proposition that the rapid rate of urban spatial expansion resulted from a combination of fiscal pressure on local governments and governance reforms that gave local governments greater control over land and investment policies. The estimated parameters of the model indicate that urban land generates far more than income per unit area than agriculture in eastern and central China, suggesting that local governments can profit substantially from conversion of farmland to urban use. The value of... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: International Development; Land Economics/Use. |
| Ano: 2008 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/36748 |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
| Lankoski, Jussi E.; Lichtenberg, Erik; Ollikainen, Markku. |
| Heterogeneity of agricultural landscapes may necessitate the use of spatially targeted instrument combinations to implement the social optimum. But compliance with these policies may require costly enforcement. This paper examines the design of agri-environmental policies featuring two of the most commonly used instruments, reductions in fertilizer application rates and installation of riparian buffers. While compliance with buffer strip requirements is verifiable at negligible cost, fertilizer application is only verifiable through costly monitoring. We derive optimal subsidies for fertilizer reduction and buffer strip set-asides and enforcement strategies for the cases of low and excessive monitoring costs. An empirical simulation model suggests that... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Nutrient runoff; Monitoring; Enforcement; Environmental Economics and Policy. |
| Ano: 2008 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44381 |
| |
|
|
| Lichtenberg, Erik; Ding, Chengri. |
| We investigate conceptually and empirically the role of economic incentives in the primary land allocation in China in recent years. A theoretical analysis demonstrates how recent fiscal and governance reforms give rise to land conversion decisions and long run urban spatial sizes much like those generated by competitive land markets with private land ownership. An econometric investigation of Shanghai and the provinces surrounding it demonstrates the presence of rent gradients, often used as an indication of the presence of land markets. It thus appears that economic forces have continued to exercise dominant influence over primary land allocations in spite of recent administrative restrictions on land conversion. These rent gradients are strongest in the... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development; Land Economics/Use; R5; R14; H11; O18. |
| Ano: 2008 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6834 |
| |
|
| |
|
|
| Lichtenberg, Erik; Zilberman, David. |
| A dynamic framework is presented for analyzing regulations affecting the use of spoilage-reducing inputs with potential negative environmental effects, such as pesticides, growth regulators, chemical preservatives, and irradiation. Such regulations change intertemporal consumption patterns as well as total output. Consumers may benefit from restrictions on storage technology, giving them a reason to support regulation even when it may not be warranted to correct environmental externalities. Static analyses do not take into account changes in intertemporal consumption, and thus may give misleading depictions of the effects of imposing new regulations. Implications of the framework for development and trade policy are discussed, as are extensions to... |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy. |
| Ano: 2002 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31077 |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
| Lichtenberg, Erik. |
| Scouting is the most widely used integrated pest management (IPM) technique. It has been argued that only independent crop consultants provide unbiased scouting information. In contrast, chemical dealers inflate scouting reports and/or reduce economic thresholds in order to increase pesticide sales while farmers may use excessively low treatment thresholds due to risk aversion and/or overestimation of pest pressure. Since the majority of scouting is done by farmers and chemical dealer employees, it follows that scouting may not be a very effective means of reducing reliance on chemical pesticides. This study applies an implicit demand formulation of the Lichtenberg-Zilberman damage abatement model to data from a survey of Maryland field crop growers to... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries. |
| Ano: 2001 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28600 |
| |
|
|
| Lichtenberg, Erik; Olson, Lars J.. |
| Expanded world trade carries with it increased risks of invasions of exotic species and thus increased risks of ecological and economic damage. In the face of such risks, expansion of trade depends critically on the ability to detect unintended introductions of organisms in import shipments and determine whether those introductions are safe as is, safe after appropriate treatment, or unsafe even after treatment. This paper investigates factors associated with greater incremental risk of invasive pest introductions. It develops a conceptual framework based on the production-theoretic notion that invasive pests, like other forms of pollution, can be viewed as an input (or joint output) that serves to lower the cost of producing a commodity. In equilibrium,... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 2010 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61706 |
| |
|
|
| Lichtenberg, Erik; Lynch, Lori. |
| Pest-free status certification is desirable if the demand-side impacts (increased export revenue) and supply-side impacts (lower pest damage and decreased ongoing control costs) exceed the compliance monitoring and eradication costs. Thus, eradication may be optimal without certification. Certification is more likely for regions facing costly treatment requirements (bans) or possessing geographic traits that lower monitoring costs and infestation probabilities than for those exporting higher-valued products. Certification benefits producers but hurts consumers. Thus, political feasibility may be greater if domestic consumption is a small share of the market and if the additional tax burden of certification programs is light. |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Exotic pests; Invasive species; Pest-free area; Eradication; Sanitary/phytosanitary regulations; International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 2006 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10182 |
| |
|
|
| Lichtenberg, Erik. |
| There is growing interest in green payments subsidizing conservation measures on working farmland based on the premise that they have positive effects on the environment and agriculture simultaneously without causing international trade distortions. This paper uses a Ricardian land market equilibrium model to examine the impacts of green payments. The analysis shows green payments can worsen ambient pollution damage by subsidizing the expansion of more intensive crop cultivation. Some forms of green can increase cultivation intensity (and thus environmental damage) as well. These adverse effects can be avoided by careful targeting, but such targeting is likely to be quite difficult. |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy. |
| Ano: 2004 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31371 |
| |
| Registros recuperados: 36 | |
|
|
|
