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| Linacre, Nicholas A.; Cohen, Joel I.. |
| The regulatory approval of genetically modified crops in the field initially requires small, restricted experimental trials known as confined field trials. These small scale experiments provide researchers with important information on environmental interactions and agronomic performance of the crop in a safe and contained manner. To authorize confined field trials regulatory review is required, with formats for obtaining relevant information differing from country to country. In this paper, a Gap Analysis is used to identify informational gaps and potential for harmonization of confined field trial application processes in three East African countries - Tanzania, Kenya, and Uganda. The basic principle behind gap analysis is a comparison of the status quo... |
| Tipo: Report |
Palavras-chave: Genetically modified crops; Gap analysis; Confined field trials; Biotechnology; Biosafety; Crop Production/Industries. |
| Ano: 2006 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55421 |
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| Linacre, Nicholas A.; Falck-Zepeda, Jose Benjamin; Komen, John; MacLaren, Donald. |
| Compared to both Canada and the United States, Australia has been slow to approve commercial planting of transgenic crops. Two probable reasons exist for the slow approval rate of transgenic crops in Australia. The first reason is community perceptions about the risks associated with transgenic technologies. The second is the regulatory framework currently employed to approve commercial releases. This paper examines some of the potential regulatory issues that may be affecting the review process and approval of transgenic technologies. First we provide a brief introduction to the regulatory structure in Australia, second we consider the impact of regional, national and state jurisdictions, third we argue that the regulator needs to consider the use of... |
| Tipo: Report |
Palavras-chave: Risk assessment; Biotechnology; Environmental risk; Crop Production/Industries. |
| Ano: 2006 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55414 |
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| Linacre, Nicholas A.; Koo, Bonwoo; Rosegrant, Mark W.; Msangi, Siwa; Falck-Zepeda, Jose Benjamin; Gaskell, Joanne; Komen, John; Cohen, Marc J.; Birner, Regina. |
| In some developing countries the potential exists for agroterrorism to cause widespread disruption through loss of sustenance, income and production. Defense of agriculture may also be problematic because of the lack stability and basic biosecurity infrastructure for the detection and prevention of diseases or invasive species. Currently new methodological approaches for terrorism risk assessments are being actively explored for resource prioritization. One such methodology for risk based allocation of resources is Threat, Vulnerability, and Consequence (TVC) Analysis. A qualitative application of the TVC framework is used to analyze the risk of agroterrorism in developing countries relative to industrialized countries. The analysis suggests that evidence... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Agroterrorism; Terrorism risk analysis; Biosecurity; International Development; International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 2005 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59238 |
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| Linacre, Nicholas A.; Thompson, Colin J.. |
| The successful management of transgenic technology is likely to depend on the economic behavioral response of farmers to the regulated use of transgenic crops. A well-studied example is the widespread use of Bt-corn, in the United States, and elsewhere, to control the European Corn Borer, a major corn pest. The extensive use of Bt-corn has led to concerns about the emergence of insect resistance. The United States Environment Protection Agency addressed this potential problem by developing an insect resistance management strategy, based, in part, on complex mathematical models using detailed biological assumptions about the population genetics and life history of the European Corn Borer. However, seed companies and others have sometimes used simpler... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Insect resistance; Monte Carlo; Bt-corn; Logistic growth; Environmental risk; Biotechnology; Environmental protection; Crop Production/Industries. |
| Ano: 2005 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59239 |
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| Angle, J. Scott; Linacre, Nicholas A.. |
| Phytoremediation is the use of living plants, known as hyperaccumulators which absorb unusually large amounts of metals in comparison to other plants. The use of classical plant breeding and new molecular techniques offers great potential to develop crops with the ability to clean up polluted sites. While these technologies have gained widespread attention, prior to commercial development, there are risks that must be considered – only a few of which have received even modest examination. Therefore, the focus of this working paper is to explore specific risks associated with phytoremediation and suggest ways in which these risks can be managed so that new, novel, and innovative plant technologies may be applied to provide low cost and efficient... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Risk; GMO; Biotechnology; Phytoremediation; Phytoextraction; Phytomining; Environmental risk; Crop Production/Industries; Q16; Q2. |
| Ano: 2005 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59225 |
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