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| Loppacher, Laura J.; Kerr, William A.; Vliet, Van. |
| The discovery of BSE in Canada's cattle herd on May 20, 2003 has led to lost market access for Canadian cattle and beef in many countries. The Canadian cattle industry is extremely export dependent, and the loss of almost all of major export markets has had a devastating impact. Over a year later, many of these markets have still not removed their restrictions on Canadian cattle and beef. The severity of the restrictions and their long-term continuance are far in excess of what is recommended by the international organisations that set the standards for trade in animals and animal products. This has led many in the Canadian industry to wonder why these sanitary barriers are being misused and abused. The illegitimate and legitimate reasons for creating a... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 2004 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23936 |
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| Kerr, William A.; Loppacher, Laura J.; Hobbs, Jill E.. |
| The discovery of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) in Canada and the United States in 2003 prompted an immediate and decisive reaction from importers, with the closure of most markets to beef and cattle exports from Canada and the United States. Two years later, many of these bans have not been lifted or have been only partially lifted. These bans were put in place by national authorities attempting to protect the health of their citizens and may have been justified in the immediate period following the discoveries, but their long-term continuance is not supported by science. Trade regulations can be a powerful weapon in the fight against the spread of diseases and to protect health, but they can also unnecessarily restrict trade. Internationally... |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 2007 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46385 |
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| Loppacher, Laura J.; Kerr, William A.. |
| The People's Republic of China has been working for over two decades to develop a domestic biotechnology industry. Even though China is a developing country, it is set to become a significant international player in the field of biotechnology. China's accession to the World Trade Organization in December of 2001 means that China's trade and regulatory regime should now reflect its WTO commitments. This paper outlines the development of the Chinese biotechnology industry and how it may evolve in the future. It assesses China's current approach to trade and regulation of biotechnology in relation to GATT rules on trade in goods and the TRIPS commitments pertaining to the protection of intellectual property. The conclusion is that China's trade and... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; China; Intellectual property; WTO; International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 2004 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23938 |
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| Loppacher, Laura J.; Kerr, William A.; Barichello, Richard R.. |
| Regulations relating to disease management have traditionally been an important component of the overall environment in which international trade in agriculture products occurs. The World Trade Organization (WTO) Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (SPS Agreement) allows members to restrict or prohibit imports from a country when imported products present a risk to human, animal or plant health or life. As the Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE, also commonly called Mad Cow disease in the media) outbreak in Canada showed, the disease status of a country is a major competitive advantage and losing disease-free status can impose significant costs on an industry. The risks associated with SPS-based border closures were not... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 2006 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24166 |
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| Loppacher, Laura J.. |
| Bio-based fuels represent one of the most viable alternatives to petroleum-based fuel to meet transportation needs in the 21st century. The biofuel industry is in its infancy in Canada but shows considerable growth opportunity. The international interest in biofuels due to environmental and energy security concerns could result in a large and profitable export market for Canadian biofuel producers. Many industry participants are beginning to use biotechnology in their production processes to lower costs. Such use means they will be forced to contend with the unclear international regulation of trade in the products of biotechnology. Substantially different rules have been created by the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety to the Convention on Biological... |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies. |
| Ano: 2006 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46357 |
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| Kerr, William A.; Loppacher, Laura J.. |
| Biofuels are increasingly being looked at to spur economic activity in the agricultural sector and to contribute to broader rural development goals while at the same time assisting in the reduction of harmful emissions created by burning petroleum-based fuels. Hence, biofuels appear to be a “win-win” technology that will contribute to achieving a number of important policy goals. As a result, governments around the world have become actively involved in the promotion of this new industry. The industry has expanded rapidly in the last few years but is still in a developmental stage. As the industry matures, biofuel producers will begin to see opportunities in international markets. Canada and the United States have considerable export potential due to their... |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 2005 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46024 |
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| Loppacher, Laura J.; Kerr, William A.; Barichello, Richard R.. |
| Regulations relating to disease management have traditionally been an important component of the overall environment in which international trade in agriculture products occurs. The World Trade Organization (WTO) Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (SPS Agreement) allows members to restrict or prohibit imports from a country when imported products present a risk to human, animal or plant health or life. As the Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE, also commonly called Mad Cow disease in the media) outbreak in Canada showed, the disease status of a country is a major competitive advantage and losing disease-free status can impose significant costs on an industry. The risks associated with SPS-based border closures were not... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 2006 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24152 |
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