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| Registros recuperados: 220 | |
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| Hijri, Isabelle; Sýkorová, Zuzana; Oehl, Fritz; Ineichen, Kurt; Mäder, Paul; Wiemken, Andres; Redecker, Dirk. |
| Communities of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in five agricultural field sites of different management intensities were studied. Variable regions of the ribosomal RNA genes were used to detect and identify AMF directly within colonized roots. Roots from a continuous maize monoculture showed low AMF diversity, in agreement with previous reports on molecular diversity of AMF in agricultural soils. In contrast, a substantially higher diversity of AMF was found throughout the long term `DOK' field experiment, where organic and conventional agricultural practices have been compared side by side since 1978. In this experiment, a 7-year crop rotation is performed under lower levels of inorganic fertilizer input and chemical pest control. These results are in... |
| Tipo: Journal paper |
Palavras-chave: Soil biology; Soil quality. |
| Ano: 2007 |
URL: http://orgprints.org/13462/1/hijri%2Detal%2D2006%2Dmolecular_ecology%2Dvol15%2D2277%2D89.pdf |
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| Thonar, Cécile; Lekfeldt, Jonas D.S.; Cozzolino, Vincenza; Kundel, Domimika; Kulhánek, Martin; Mosimann, Carla; Neumann, Günter; Piccolo, Alessandro; Rex, Martin; Symanczik, Sarah; Walder, Florian; Weinmann, Markus; de Neegaard, Andreas; Mäder, Paul. |
| Background Agricultural production is challenged by the limitation of non-renewable resources. Alternative fertilizers are promoted but they often have a lower availability of key macronutrients, especially phosphorus (P). Biological inoculants, the so-called bio-effectors (BEs), may be combined with these fertilizers to improve the nutrient use efficiency. Methods The goal of this study was to assess the potential of three BEs in combination with alternative fertilizers (e.g., composted manure, biogas digestate, green compost) to promote plant growth and nutrient uptake in soils typical for various European regions. Pot experiments were conducted in Czech Republic, Denmark, Germany, Italy, and Switzerland where the same variety of maize was grown in... |
| Tipo: Journal paper |
Palavras-chave: Soil quality; Crop combinations and interactions; Composting and manuring. |
| Ano: 2017 |
URL: http://orgprints.org/31321/1/Thonar_et_al-2017-Chemical_and_Biological_Technologies_in_Agriculture.pdf |
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| Mäder, Paul; Pfiffner, Lukas; Fließbach, Andreas. |
| Mit der Umstellung des Gutes Rheinau von konventionell integrierter Bewirtschaftung auf bio-dynamische Wirtschaftsweise im Jahre 1998 wurde ein Monitoring der Bodenfruchtbarkeit begonnen, dass die biologische Veränderung im Boden während der Umstellungsphase dokumentieren sollte. Die ersten Bodenproben wurden 1999 auf drei Ackerschlägen und einer permanenten Naturwiese gezogen und dann wurden im Jahr 2002, 2005 und 2010 auf den in 1999 definierten Teilflächen je Schlag weitere Bodenproben entnommen. Neben mikrobiologischen Bodenparametern (mikrobielle Biomasse, Basalatmung, Dehydrogenaseaktivität) wurden die Regenwurmpopulationen und auch chemische Bodenparameter und lösliche und nachlieferbare Fraktionen wichtiger Nährstoffe ermittelt. Ausserdem erfolgte... |
| Tipo: Report |
Palavras-chave: "Organics" in general; Soil. |
| Ano: 2011 |
URL: http://orgprints.org/21620/1/Schlussbericht_Rheinau-BAFU_Final.pdf |
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| Hilber, Isabel; Mäder, Paul; Schulin, Rainer; Wyss, Gabriela S.. |
| Organochlorine pesticides (OCP) are still found in food and feed crops although they were applied about 40 years ago. There is a considerable knowledge gap concerning the extent of soil and crop contamination by OCP. We performed two surveys in 2002 and 2005 to assess the loads of OCP in 41 Swiss horticultural fields under organic and conventional production and corresponding Cucurbitaceae fruits (cucumbers, zucchini, and pumpkin), whereas these fields stay for intensive agricultural production in Europe. In addition, soil organic carbon, texture, and pH were measured also. OCP were detected in 27 out of 41 fields (65.9%). The farming practice had no influence on the contamination or level of OCP in soil. The sum of OCP-loads per field ranged from <0.01... |
| Tipo: Journal paper |
Palavras-chave: Soil; Vegetables. |
| Ano: 2008 |
URL: http://orgprints.org/26424/1/Hilber_etal_2008_Chemosphere73.pdf |
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| Oberholzer, Hans-Rudolf; Fließbach, Andreas; Mäder, Paul; Mayer, Jochen. |
| Im DOK-Feldversuch in Therwil, Schweiz werden seit 1978 folgende landwirtschaftlichen Anbausysteme verglichen: Konventionell (CONFYM, mineralische und organische Düngung, synthetische Pflanzenschutzmittel), biologisch organisch (BIOORG, organische Düngung, mechanische Unkrautbekämpfung und biologische Krankheits- und Schädlingsbekämpfung) sowie biologisch-dynamisch (BIODYN, organische Düngung mit kompostiertem Mist, Pflanzenschutz wie BIOORG,aber ohne Cu, biologisch-dynamische Präparate). |
| Tipo: Conference paper, poster, etc. |
Palavras-chave: Soil quality; Composting and manuring; Weed management. |
| Ano: 2009 |
URL: http://orgprints.org/26502/1/Oberholzer_Fliessbach_etal_2009_VDLUFA.pdf |
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| Jaffuel, Goeffrey; Blanco-Perez, Ruben; Büchi, Lucie; Mäder, Paul; Fliessbach, Andreas; Charles, Raphael; Degen, Thomas; Turlings, Ted C.J.; Campos-Herrera, Raquel. |
| Conservation agriculture is arising as an alternative to conventional agriculture with the aim to have a reduced impact on the environment. This includes the use of cover crops to conserve soil quality by limiting soil erosion, adding organic matter, and enhancing soil nutrient content, as well as water availability, which are all factors that can greatly influence the presence of soil organisms. In the current study, we investigated whether winter cover crops can enhance the persistence of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) over the winter season. In a first trial we augmented EPN populations in plots without (bared) and with the cover crops, pea (Pisum sativum) or mustard (Brassica juncea). In late autumn, individual mini-plots in each of the three... |
| Tipo: Journal paper |
Palavras-chave: Crop combinations and interactions Crop health; Quality; Protection. |
| Ano: 2017 |
URL: http://orgprints.org/33974/1/Jaffuel_AppliedSoilEcology_2017.pdf |
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| Hilber, Isabel; Vogt, Lea; Wyss, Gabriela S.; Mäder, Paul; Schulin, Rainer. |
| Organochlorine pesticides (OCP) were once applied world wide but have been banned meanwhile in most countries because of their ecotoxicity, bioaccumulation and persistence. However, residues can still be present in soils even many years after applications have been stopped and taken up by crop plants. OCP accumulation from bound residues was found to be a particular problem in Cucurbitaceae plants. Two soil surveys performed in 2002 and 2005 in Switzerland revealed that OCP residues were taken up by cucumbers grown in soils that have been converted to organic production in the meantime. Even if legal tolerance values are not exceeded, this is a serious economic problem for the farmers affected by contaminated crops, because consumers of organically grown... |
| Tipo: Conference paper, poster, etc. |
Palavras-chave: Food security; Food quality and human health. |
| Ano: 2007 |
URL: http://orgprints.org/13424/1/Hilber%2Detal%2D2007_exclusion_of_contaminants_Cost859.pdf |
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| Andres, Christian; Forster, Dionys; Verma, Rajeev; Zundel, Christine; Messmer, Monika; Mäder, Paul; Bhullar, Gurbir S.. |
| The debate on the relative benefits of conventional and organic farming systems has in recent time gained significant interest. So far, global agricultural development has focused on increased productivity rather than on a holistic natural resource management for food security. Thus, developing more sustainable farming practices on a large scale is of utmost importance. However, information concerning the performance of farming systems under organic and conventional management in tropical and subtropical regions is scarce. This study presents agronomic and economic data from the conversion phase (2007-2010) of a farming systems comparison trial on a Vertisol soil in Madhya Pradesh, central India. A cotton-soybean-wheat crop rotation under biodynamic,... |
| Tipo: Conference paper, poster, etc. |
Palavras-chave: Systems research and participatory research Cereals; Pulses and oilseeds India. |
| Ano: 2014 |
URL: http://orgprints.org/28012/1/Andres_etal_2014_1stConferencGlobalFoodSecurity.pdf |
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| Messmer, Monika; Uehlinger, Noemi; Berner, Alfred; Scholberg, Johannes; Mäder, Paul. |
| Most varieties have been selected under high input conditions, including seed treatment, herbicide applications, as well as optimal levels of fast releasing fertilizers. Under organic farming nutrient release is dependent on the temperature and biological activity of the soil and its interaction with the declining residues from previous crops and applied quantity of farmyard manure. As a consequence it is not always possible to match nutrient release with crop demand over time. This effect is even more severe under conservation tillage. To promote conservation tillage in organic farming, it is necessary to identify cultivars that show high nutrient use efficiency (NUE) under these conditions. While there is substantial evidence that breeding for low N... |
| Tipo: Conference paper, poster, etc. |
Palavras-chave: Soil tillage Soil Breeding; Genetics and propagation Root crops. |
| Ano: 2013 |
URL: http://orgprints.org/26561/7/messmer-etal-2013-Eucarpia-Conference-GenotypeXmanagement_interaction_for_NUE_of_maize.pdf |
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| Mäder, Paul. |
| Reduced tillage and green manures are environmentally friendly practices that increase levels of soil organic matter and biological activity, improve soil stability, and reduce fuel consumption and may mitigate the climate impact of crop production. The avoidance of deep ploughing is successfully practiced as no-tillage agriculture in conventional farming systems. However, these no-tillage systems rely on herbicides for weed control and mineral fertilisers for plant nutrients. As these inputs are banned in organic farming the TILMAN-ORG project focuses on efficient weed management strategies and improvement of nutrient management. Because there is little information on greenhouse gas emissions under reduced tillage in organic farming, greenhouse gas flux... |
| Tipo: Conference paper, poster, etc. |
Palavras-chave: Soil biology; Soil tillage; Environmental aspects. |
| Ano: 2013 |
URL: http://orgprints.org/22471/7/22471.pdf |
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| Mäder, Paul; Berner, Alfred; Fließbach, Andreas; Messmer, Monika; Koller, Martin; Weibel, Franco; Stolze, Matthias; Schader, Christian; Sanders, Jürn; Dierauer, Hansueli; Clerc, Maurice. |
| Die Landwirtschaft trägt weltweit mit 12–32 Prozent zum Klimawandel bei. Hauptquellen sind der Methanausstoss der Wiederkäuer, der CO2-Verbrauch für die Herstellung von Düngern und Pestiziden, die Abholzung von Wäldern für den Ackerbau und Weideflächen sowie die Bodenerosion. Auch der Einsatz des Pflugs verbraucht viel Energie, verstärkt den Abbau von Humus und belastet somit das Klima. Gemäss bisherigen Untersuchungen benötigt die biologische Landwirtschaft schon heute mit den gängigen Methoden weniger Energie als die konventionelle Bewirtschaftung. Im DOK-Versuch zum Beispiel verbrauchen die Bioverfahren 20 Prozent weniger Energie pro Ertragseinheit. Dies macht den Biolandbau zwar klimafreundlicher, aber noch nicht klimaneutral. Durch die Anwendung... |
| Tipo: Report |
Palavras-chave: Soil quality; Soil tillage; Biodiversity and ecosystem services. |
| Ano: 2009 |
URL: http://orgprints.org/19279/1/6a_Flyer_Projektbeschrieb_Kilmaneutraler_Ackerbau_2009.pdf |
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| Cooper, Julia; Reed, Eleanor Y.; Hörtenhuber, Stefan Josef; Lindenthal, Thomas; Løes, Anne-Kristin; Mäder, Paul; Magid, Jakob; Oberson, Astrid; Kolbe, Hartmut; Möller, Kurt. |
| Maintaining sufficient soil phosphorus (P) levels for non-limiting crop growth is challenging in organic systems since off-farm inputs of P are restricted. This study assessed the status of P on organic farms in Europe using soil test results for extractable P. Data was obtained from published literature, unpublished theses, and various national and regional databases of soil test values. Most of the data (15,506 observations) came from field scale soil tests, but in some cases (1272 observations) values had been averaged across a farm. Farm scale and field scale data were analysed separately and the impact of farm type (arable, dairy, grassland, horticulture, mixed, poultry, unknown) was assessed. Soil test results were assigned to P classes from very low... |
| Tipo: Journal paper |
Palavras-chave: Soil quality; Nutrient turnover; Farm nutrient management. |
| Ano: 2018 |
URL: http://orgprints.org/32707/1/Cooper%20et%20al%202017%20NCAES.pdf |
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| Casagrande, Marion; Peigne, Joséphine; Payet, Vincent; Mäder, Paul; Sans, F. Xavier; Blanco-Moreno, José Manuel; Antichi, Daniele; Barberi, Paolo; Beeckmann, Annelies; Bigongiali, Federica; Cooper, Julia; Dierauer, Hansueli; Gascoyne, Kate; Grosse, Meike; Heß, Jürgen; Kranzler, Andreas; Luik, Anne; Peetsmann, Elen; Surböck, Andreas; Willekens, Koen; David, Christophe. |
| Conservation agriculture and organic farming are considered as promising sustainable agricultural system for producing food, while minimizing environmental impacts. Despite an increasing number of experimental data on organic conservation practices and various studies dealing with the adoption of conservation agriculture by farmers, none of those studies have specifically addressed conservation agriculture adoption under organic conditions in Europe. We carried out a survey with 159 farmers located in 10 European countries. These farmers had applied at least two of the following conservation practices: (i) no-tillage, (ii) reduced tillage and (iii) green manures. Each farmer assessed socio-economic, agronomic and environmental motivations and problems for... |
| Tipo: Journal paper |
Palavras-chave: "Organics" in general; Soil tillage; Environmental aspects. |
| Ano: 2015 |
URL: http://orgprints.org/29478/1/casagrande-etal-2015-OrganicAgriculture-p1-15-OrgFarmersMotivations.pdf |
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| Registros recuperados: 220 | |
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