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| Registros recuperados: 22 | |
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| Meyling, Nicolai V.; Sigsgaard, Lene. |
| Naturlig regulering af bestande i naturen foregår hele tiden. Derfor bliver langt fra alle potentielle skadedyr til virkelige skadedyr et givet år eller sted. Planteædende insekter reguleres bl.a. via fødekæden; nedefra gennem planten og oppefra ved deres naturlige fjender. Blandt skadedyrenes naturlige fjender er rovinsekter, edderkopper og rovmider, snyltehvepse (samlet kaldet nyttedyr) samt sygdomme af størst betydning for den naturlige regulering. Den intensive landbrugspraksis i det moderne jordbrug har dog reduceret effekten af disse fjender. Den manglende regulering medvirker til de skadedyrangreb, som opleves i forskellige afgrøder. I de seneste år er der skabt en øget interesse for at forstå og anvende disse naturlige reguleringsmekanismer for at... |
| Tipo: Newspaper or magazine article |
Palavras-chave: Crop health; Quality; Protection Biodiversity and ecosystem services. |
| Ano: 2008 |
URL: http://orgprints.org/14146/1/14146.pdf |
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| Sundar, Thapa; Meyling, Nicolai V.; Katakam, Kiran Kumar; Thamsborg, Stig Milan; Mejer, Helena. |
| Thick-shelled ascarid eggs have been reported to remain infective in the environment for several years, thus posing a prolonged risk of infection to animals and/or humans. The following in vitro study was therefore conducted to evaluate the negative impact of two species of naturally occuring soil microfungi (Pochonia chlamydosporia and Paecilomyces lilacinus), on the viability of Ascaridia galli, Toxocara canis and Ascaris suum eggs. Approximately 150 fresh eggs of individual ascarid species were embryonated on a 2% water agar in Petri dishes with or without a fungus (P. chlamydospria or P. lilacinus). On days 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42 post experimental set up (p.s.), the viability of the eggs in each experimental group was evaluated (destructive... |
| Tipo: Conference paper, poster, etc. |
Palavras-chave: Health and welfare. |
| Ano: 2013 |
URL: http://orgprints.org/27371/7/27371.pdf |
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| Meyling, Nicolai V.; Thorup-Kristensen, Kristian; Eilenberg, Jørgen. |
| The below- and aboveground communities of fungal entomopathogens (Ascomycota: Hypocreales) were investigated in an experimental conventional and organic vegetable cropping system over two seasons in Denmark. The experimental design allowed for evaluating differences between farming practices in the occurrence of soil-borne fungal entomopathogens and as natural infections aboveground in arthropod hosts. Belowground, Metarhizium anisopliae dominated the agricultural field with Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium flavoviride and Isaria fumosorosea being present at lower frequencies. Abundances of M. anisopliae were not different between conventional and organic soils. Aboveground, B. bassiana was the most common fungal entomopathogen in arthropod host cadavers.... |
| Tipo: Journal paper |
Palavras-chave: Soil biology; Biodiversity and ecosystem services. |
| Ano: 2011 |
URL: http://orgprints.org/19301/4/19301.pdf |
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| Meyling, Nicolai V.. |
| Fungal entomopathogens are seemingly ubiquitous in soils. An increasing number of surveys around the world have shown that ascomycete fungi from the Hypocreales can be isolated from soils of many habitats. Based on morphological characteristics of the fungi some patterns of distribution have emerged. However, recent developments in molecular characterization of entomopathogenic fungi have revealed significant new insights into the distribution of genetic groups of some taxa, including Beauveria spp, and possible restrictions to certain habitats. I will present and discuss some of these distribution patterns and include new findings which indicate that some fungi are restricted to underground lifestyles while others cycle between below- and aboveground... |
| Tipo: Conference paper, poster, etc. |
Palavras-chave: Surveys and statistics; Soil biology; Biodiversity and ecosystem services; Soil tillage. |
| Ano: 2009 |
URL: http://orgprints.org/16056/2/16056.pdf |
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| Meyling, Nicolai V.. |
| Descriptions of methods and recommendation of laboratory procedures for the isolation of soil borne entomopathogenic fungi (specifically Beauveria spp. and M. anisopliae) are presented. For screening of occurrences of indigenous populations of entomopathogenic fungi the insect bait method is recommended. Further recommendations are: 1) Collect sufficient number of soil samples to cover the area of investigation; 2) if the bait method is used, apply sufficient individuals of bait insects to each sample to increase the likelihood of isolating the fungi present. Descriptions of isolation methods, statistical analyses of the data and preparation of media and bait insects are given. |
| Tipo: Other |
Palavras-chave: Soil biology; Biodiversity and ecosystem services. |
| Ano: 2007 |
URL: http://orgprints.org/11200/1/11200.pdf |
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| Meyling, Nicolai V.. |
| The implementation of PCR-based tools for characterisation of organisms has greatly advanced our understanding of the phylogenies and species boundaries in entomopathogenic fungi, especially the widespread taxa Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae. These fungi have received a lot of interest due to their potential as biocontrol agents of pests. However, there is still a lack of knowledge about the fundamental ecology of these fungi in both managed and natural ecosystems, but such information is necessary both for risk assessments prior to release of biocontrol agents in the environment as well as if we wish to understand the distribution of the fungi and their impact on host populations. This latter focus is essential if the fungi are to be... |
| Tipo: Report |
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity and ecosystem services. |
| Ano: 2008 |
URL: http://orgprints.org/14345/1/D5_2_final.pdf |
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| Meyling, Nicolai V.; Ormond, Emma; Roy, Helen E.; Pell, Judith K.. |
| Insects can detect cues related to the risk of attack by their natural enemies. Pathogens are among the natural enemies of insects and entomopathogenic fungi attack a wide array of host species. Evidence documents that social insects in particular have adapted behavioural mechanisms to avoid infection by fungal pathogens. These mechanisms are referred to as 'behavioural resistance'. However, there is little evidence for similar adaptations in non-social insects. We have conducted experiments to assess the potential of common insect predators to detect and avoid their entomopathogenic fungal natural enemy Beauveria bassiana. The predatory bug Anthocoris nemorum was able to detect and avoid nettle leaves that were treated with B. bassiana. Females laid... |
| Tipo: Conference paper, poster, etc. |
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity and ecosystem services. |
| Ano: 2008 |
URL: http://orgprints.org/14151/1/14151.pdf |
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| Thapa, Sundar; Meyling, Nicolai V.; Katakam, Kiran Kumar; Thamsborg, Stig Milan; Mejer, Helena. |
| Thick-shelled eggs of ascarid nematodes have been reported to remain infective in the environment for several years, thus posing a prolonged risk of infection to animal livestock and/or humans. An in vitro study was therefore conducted to evaluate the negative impact of two species of soil microfungi, Pochonia chlamydosporia and Purpureocillium lilacinum (syn. Paecilomyces lilacinus), on the viability of Ascaridia galli, Toxocara canis and Ascaris suum eggs. Approximately 150 fresh eggs of individual ascarid species were embryonated on a 2% water agar in Petri dishes with or without a fungus (P. chlamydospria or P. lilacinum). On days 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42 post experimental set up (p.s.), the viability of the eggs from each experimental group was... |
| Tipo: Conference paper, poster, etc. |
Palavras-chave: Health and welfare. |
| Ano: 2013 |
URL: http://orgprints.org/27372/7/27372.pdf |
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| Meyling, Nicolai V.; Thorup-Kristensen, Kristian; Eilenberg, Jørgen. |
| The below- and aboveground communities of fungal entomopathogens (Ascomycota: Hypocreales) were investigated in an experimental conventional and organic vegetable cropping system over two seasons in Denmark. The experimental design allowed for evaluating differences between farming practices in the occurrence of soil-borne fungal entomopathogens and as natural infections aboveground in arthropod hosts. Belowground, Metarhizium anisopliae dominated the agricultural field with Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium flavoviride and Isaria fumosorosea being present at lower frequencies. Abundances of M. anisopliae were not different between conventional and organic soils. Aboveground, B. bassiana was the most common fungal entomopathogen in arthropod host cadavers.... |
| Tipo: Journal paper |
Palavras-chave: Soil biology; Biodiversity and ecosystem services. |
| Ano: 2011 |
URL: http://orgprints.org/19680/4/19680.pdf |
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| Meyling, Nicolai V.; Eilenberg, Jørgen. |
| It is increasingly recognized that the biodiversity in agroecosystems deliver significant ecosystem services to agricultural production such as biological control of pests. Entomopathogenic fungi, specifically the anamorphic taxa Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae, Hypocreales (Ascomycota), are among the natural enemies of pests in agroecosystems and the fungi are candidates for future conservation biological control in temperate regions. Conservation biological control is a biological control strategy in which farming practices and environmental manipulations are adopted to enhance the living conditions for specific natural enemies of pests. However, in order to manipulate the environment for the benefit of populations of the entomopathogens,... |
| Tipo: Journal paper |
Palavras-chave: Soil biology; Biodiversity and ecosystem services. |
| Ano: 2007 |
URL: http://orgprints.org/11196/1/11196.pdf |
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| Meyling, Nicolai V.. |
| Conservation biological control (CBC) is a pest management strategy in which farming management practices are adopted to enhance the living conditions for specific natural enemies of pests with the specific objective to suppress pest populations. Research in CBC strategies have mostly focused on provisioning of good living conditions for arthropod predators and parasitoids, usually ignoring entomopathogens as regulators of pest populations. Fungal entomopathogens are widespread in agro-ecosystems and infect a range of arthropod pests, and these fungi should therefore also be included in CBC. Knowledge of the ecology of indigenous populations of fungal entomopathogens is a prerequisite for the evaluation of their contributions to pest control and for... |
| Tipo: Conference paper, poster, etc. |
Palavras-chave: Soil biology; Biodiversity and ecosystem services. |
| Ano: 2010 |
URL: http://orgprints.org/17403/4/17403.pdf |
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| Thapa, Sundar; Meyling, Nicolai V.; Katakam, Kiran Kumar; Thamsborg, Stig Milan; Mejer, Helena. |
| Thick-shelled eggs of animal-parasitic ascarid nematodes can survive and remain infective in the environment for years. The present study was conducted to assess the effect of two species of soil microfungi (Pochonia chlamydosporia and Purpureocillium lilacinum) on the development and survival of eggs (all of faecal origin) of three ascarid species, Ascaridia galli (chicken roundworm), Toxocara canis (canine roundworm) and Ascaris suum (pig roundworm), in vitro. Ascarid eggs were embryonated on water agar with or without one fungal species, and viability of the eggs was evaluated on days 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42 post set up (p.s.). By day 14 p.s., P. chlamydosporia had reduced the viability of A. galli and T. canis eggs by 70-86% and 52-67%, respectively,... |
| Tipo: Journal paper |
Palavras-chave: Health and welfare. |
| Ano: 2014 |
URL: http://orgprints.org/27341/7/27341.pdf |
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| Meyling, Nicolai V.; Eilenberg, Jørgen. |
| Entomopathogenic fungi infect a wide array of insects from most orders and they are among the natural enemies that contribute to the regulation of insect populations. However, only a limited number of studies have focused on the impact of fungal pathogens on populations of non-pest insects. Effects of entomopathogenic fungi on non-pest host populations should receive more attention based on the increasing interest in conservation biological control. In this strategy, founded on competition theory, non-pest host populations adjacent to cropping systems will in principle affect pest populations through shared natural enemies. We present examples of selected non-pest host-fungus systems from temperate ecosystems that are relevant for the expected ecosystem... |
| Tipo: Conference paper, poster, etc. |
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity and ecosystem services. |
| Ano: 2008 |
URL: http://orgprints.org/14152/1/14152.pdf |
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| Meyling, Nicolai V.. |
| Fungi that infect insects have received considerable attention by scientists for their potential for biological control of pests. Many research projects have focussed on the selection of virulent strains for target pests and their development as biological control agents. In contrast, surprisingly little is known about the fundamental ecology of most of these fungi in nature. This knowledge is essential in order to receive the most ecosystem services provided by entomopathogenic fungi in agricultural production. Knowledge of the basic ecology of the fungi is also necessary to include them in conservation biological control. In this biological control strategy, agricultural practices and/or habitat manipulations are applied to the farming system to favour... |
| Tipo: Web product |
Palavras-chave: Crop health; Quality; Protection Biodiversity and ecosystem services. |
| Ano: 2008 |
URL: http://orgprints.org/14149/1/14149.pdf |
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| Steinwender, Bernhardt M.; Enkerli, Jürg; Widmer, Franco; Eilenberg, Jørgen; Meyling, Nicolai V.. |
| Entomopathogenic fungal isolates identified by morphology as Metarhizium anisopliae may belong to different species when identified by molecular characters. We isolated Metarhizium spp. from an experimental agricultural field under both conventional and organic farming regimes using Tenebrio molitor as bait insect to assess the molecular diversity within the soil. Isolates were analyzed using DNA sequencing and applying SSR markers. Within the former M. anisopliae lineage, we found M. brunneum (86.3%), M. robertsii (11.3%) and M. majus (3.4%) in the soil samples. Several genotypes of each species were identified based on SSR markers. Differences in abundance of the species and their genotypes suggest different adaptations to the soil environment of the... |
| Tipo: Journal paper |
Palavras-chave: Soil biology; Biodiversity and ecosystem services. |
| Ano: 2011 |
URL: http://orgprints.org/19302/4/19302.pdf |
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| Registros recuperados: 22 | |
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