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| Shoemaker, Robbin A.; Harwood, Joy L.; Day-Rubenstein, Kelly A.; Dunahay, Terry; Heisey, Paul W.; Hoffman, Linwood A.; Klotz-Ingram, Cassandra; Lin, William W.; Mitchell, Lorraine; McBride, William D.; Fernandez-Cornejo, Jorge. |
| Agricultural biotechnology has been advancing very rapidly, and while it presents many promises, it also poses as many questions. Many dimensions to agricultural biotechnology need to be considered to adequately inform public policy. Policy is made more difficult by the fact that agricultural biotechnology encompasses many policy issues addressed in very different ways. We have identified several key areas agricultural research policy, industry structure, production and marketing, consumer issues, and future world food demand where agricultural biotechnology is dramatically affecting the public policy agenda. This report focuses on the economic aspects of these issues and addresses some current and timely issues as well as longer term issues. |
| Tipo: Report |
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Economics; Adoption; Patents; Research policy; Markets; Market segmentation; Identity preservation; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies. |
| Ano: 2001 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33735 |
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| Buzby, Jean C.; Mitchell, Lorraine. |
| Just as international food and agricultural trade has increased over time, food safety has become increasingly important. This paper discusses the economic framework of food safety and international food trade. Both the private and public sectors within individual countries have incentives to improve food safety, and as a result they have taken many actions to reduce food-safety risks, often in the form of private, national, and international standards that they impose of firms. The first half of this article discusses these issues. Differences in standards across borders can lead to trade conflicts whose resolutions depend on the distribution of costs and benefits from the manufacture, trade, and consumption of safe food. The second half of this article... |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety. |
| Ano: 2006 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/8563 |
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| Mitchell, Lorraine. |
| African countries do not tend to trade agricultural goods regionally, in contrast to other regions of the world. The current research uses a gravity model to consider several alternative hypotheses for this stylized fact. The results indicate that African countries tend to trade with countries that have similar diets, but also with countries that have comparative advantage in production and similar languages. Being landlocked reduces trade likelihood, but African countries seem similarly or more likely to import from bordering countries than nations in general. The model also overpredicts trade for most observations but underpredicts imports from middle income African importers. |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 2005 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19306 |
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| Mitchell, Lorraine. |
| This paper looks at a sample of middle income countries to determine 1) what different measures researchers can use to gauge demand for variety, and 2) whether taste for variety increases with income according to these measures. The goal of the research is to learn the stylized facts regarding the desire for variety as reflected by diet and by trading behavior. The next section briefly discusses empirical and theoretical work on the demand for variety, whether that demand increases with income, and the demand for variety in traded goods. The following section discusses measures of variety and tests of the relationship of variety to income. The following sections discuss the results of applying those measures to countries and testing their relationship to... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Consumer/Household Economics. |
| Ano: 2006 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21246 |
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| Diao, Xinshen; Elbehri, Aziz; Gehlhar, Mark J.; Gibson, Paul R.; Leetmaa, Susan E.; Mitchell, Lorraine; Nelson, Frederick J.; Nimon, R. Wesley; Normile, Mary Anne; Roe, Terry L.; Shapouri, Shahla; Skully, David W.; Smith, Mark; Somwaru, Agapi; Trueblood, Michael A.; Tsigas, Marinos E.; Wainio, John; Whitley, Daniel B.; Young, C. Edwin. |
| Agricultural trade barriers and producer subsidies inflict real costs, both on the countries that use these policies and on their trade partners. Trade barriers lower demand for trade partners' products, domestic subsidies can induce an oversupply of agricultural products which depresses world prices, and export subsidies create increased competition for producers in other countries. Eliminating global agricultural policy distortions would result in an annual world welfare gain of $56 billion. High protection for agricultural commodities in the form of tariffs continues to be the major factor restricting world trade. In 2000, World Trade Organization (WTO) members continued global negotiations on agricultural policy reform. To help policymakers and others... |
| Tipo: Report |
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 2001 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/34015 |
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