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Registros recuperados: 7
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Measuring the economic value of redistributing parasitoids for the control of the maize stemborer Busseola fusca Fuller (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Kenya AgEcon
Kipkoech, Anderson Kipruto; Schulthess, Fritz; Yabann, Wilson K.; Kipsat, Mary J.; Mithofer, Dagmar.
This study assesses the ex ante economic impact of the establishment of two parasitoids, the scelionid egg parasitoid Telenomus isis Polaszek from West Africa and a virulent strain of the braconid larval parasitoid Cotesia sesamiae Cameron from western Kenya, to control stemborer. Using a Cobb-Douglas production function, it was estimated that yields increased by 28.5% when pesticides were used to control stemborers. The benefit-cost ratio after the establishment of the parasitoids ranged from 1:1 to 777:1, with a net present value of up to US$192 million. The study demonstrates the potential of redistributing parasitoids indigenous to Africa for the control of African stemborers. Because the benefits of biological control are positively scale dependent,...
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Biological control; Economic valuation; Maize; Stemborers; Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2010 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/93864
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Export Vegetable Production in Kenya under the EurepGAP Standard: Is Large “More Beautiful” than Small? AgEcon
Mausch, Kai; Mithofer, Dagmar; Asfaw, Solomon; Waibel, Hermann.
This paper defines three types of typical certified farms in Kenyan export production: smallholder farms, large-scale contracted farms, and exporter-owned farms. It assesses their economic performance, compares the financial cost of compliance with the EurepGAP standard, and analyses transaction costs. Results show that larger farms are not generally performing more efficiently compared to smallholders who implemented the EurepGAP standard. Despite higher monitoring costs as a result of the introduction of standards, smallholder vegetable producers remain an important source for the exporter companies.
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/99767
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The Role of Food from Natural Resources in Reducing Vulnerability to Poverty: A Case Study from Zimbabwe AgEcon
Mithofer, Dagmar; Waibel, Hermann; Akinnifesi, Festus K..
Vulnerability to poverty is a major problem in the rural areas of Sub Saharan Africa. Rural Households are confronted with various covariate and idiosyncratic shocks and are often severely constrained in coping with such events. They frequently resort to food from natural resources such as indigenous fruits during times of crisis. The availability of such food sources is increasingly at risk due to deforestation and biodiversity loss. The objective of this paper is to quantify the contribution of indigenous fruit trees towards reducing vulnerability to food insecurity and poverty. The methodology used is a multi-period stochastic household income model. The data were collected in a case study in Zimbabwe using detailed monthly income and expenditure...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Vulnerability; Poverty; Food security; Seasonal fluctuations; Wild food resources; Zimbabwe; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2006 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25264
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The economic value of releasing parasitoid for the control of maize stemborers in East and Southern Africa AgEcon
Kipkoech, Anderson Kipruto; Schulthess, Fritz; Yabann, Wilson K.; Maritim, Henry K.; Muchugu, Erick; Mithofer, Dagmar.
The braconid larval parasitoid Cotesia flavipes Cameron was introduced from Asia into East and Southern African region starting in 1993 to control the invasive exotic maize stemborer Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). A quasi-experiment was constructed using farmers that applied sublethal dosages of pesticide in assessing the counterfactual for the impact of the establishment of the introduced parasitoid in five countries in the region. Logistic regression method was used to estimate the probability that farmers’ would inadvertently exclude parasitoids in their maize field. Thereafter the propensity score matching method was used to find corresponding farmers excluding parasitoids among those who did not for yield comparison. The...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Benefit-cost; Biological control; Impact assessment; Maize; Stemborers; Parasitoids; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; Farm Management; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51679
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What Impact Are EU Supermarket Standards Having on Developing Countries Export of High-Value Horticultural Products? Evidence from Kenya AgEcon
Asfaw, Solomon; Mithofer, Dagmar; Waibel, Hermann.
European Union (EU) retailers are setting global benchmarks for the production of fresh food, and are asking their suppliers for produce to be certified according to food safety and quality standards. Compliance to these standards for developing countries small-scale producers entail costly investment in variable inputs and long term structures. Limited empirical evidence exists either to refute or confirm the concern that the proliferation and enhanced stringency of these standards marginalize smallholders from global market. This article therefore explores the costs of compliance, factors explaining the smallholder decision to adopt EU private quality standard and the impacts of the standard on farm financial performance. We develop a two-stage standard...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Kenya; Export vegetables; Adoption; EurepGAP standard; Impact assessment; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7870
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EU private agrifood standards in African high-value crops: pesticide use and farm-level productivity AgEcon
Asfaw, Solomon; Mithofer, Dagmar; Waibel, Hermann.
In parallel with changes in official standards, supermarket chains in Europe have developed prescriptive, production-oriented standards, e.g. the European Union Retailers Produce Working Group for Good Agricultural Practices (GlobalGAP), and are asking their suppliers for produce to be certified according to food-safety and quality standards. There are concerns that the proliferation and enhanced stringency of standards that are imposed by high-income countries can negatively affect the competitiveness of producers in developing countries and impede actors from entering or even remaining in high-value food markets. Yet, in some cases, others argue that such standards can play a positive role, providing the catalyst and incentives for the modernization of...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: High-value crops; Food-safety standards; Productivity; Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2008 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44145
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Food-safety Standards and Farmers Health: Evidence from Kenyan’s Export Vegetable Growers AgEcon
Asfaw, Solomon; Mithofer, Dagmar; Waibel, Hermann.
Limited empirical evidence exists either to confirm or refute the hypotheses that food-safety standards confer a positive external effect on farmers adopting it. This article makes use of health indicators obtained from a random cross-section sample of 439 small-scale export farmers in Kenya to evaluate the impact of EU retailer food-safety standards on producers’ health. Results show average cost of pesticide-related health risks at about 165 KSh and 324 KSh per cropping season for GlobalGAP adopters and non-adopters export producers, respectively. These costs equal 86.4% of the mean household chemical expenditure per cropping season for non-adopters and 39.6% of those adopters. Using instrumental variable econometric techniques we demonstrate that...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Vegetables; GlobalGAP standards; Adoption; Pesticide; Farmer’s health; Kenya; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; International Development; Q13; Q17.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49928
Registros recuperados: 7
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