SABIIA - Sistema Aberto e Integrado de Informação em Agricultura (Sabiia)

This paper explores the idea that how wealth is distributed across social groups (ethnic or language groups, gender, etc.) fundamentally affects the evolution of economic inequality. By providing microfoundations suitable for this exploration, this paper hopes to enhance our understanding of when social forces contribute to the reproduction of economic inequality. In tackling this issue, this paper offers contributions in two domains. First, it models social capital as a real capital asset with direct use and collateral value. Second, it extends the concepts of identity, alienation and polarization used by Esteban and Ray (1994). This generalization permits us to consider the multiple characteristics that shape social identity, inclusion and exclusion. It...

The Bang for the Birr: Public Expenditures and Rural Welfare in Ethiopia

Palavras-chave: Institutional and Behavioral Economics.

Ano: 2004

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12590

Mogues, Tewodaj; Ayele, Gezahegn; Paulos, Zelekawork.

This paper explores and compares the impact of different types of public spending on rural household welfare in Ethiopia. The analysis of public financial and household-level data reveals that returns to road investments are significantly higher than returns to other spending, but are much more variable across regions. This regional variability in returns to road investment suggests that the government should carefully consider region-differentiated investment priorities. Some evidence suggests that the returns to road spending are increasing over time, with higher returns to road investments seen in areas with better-developed road networks. Among the other types of public spending, the household expenditure impacts of per capita public expenditure in...

Public expenditures and agricultural productivity growth in Ghana

Palavras-chave: Public investment; Public spending; Ethiopia; Rural welfare.; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Farm Management.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42411

Benin, Samuel; Mogues, Tewodaj; Cudjoe, Godsway; Randriamamonjy, Josee.

Using district- and regional-level public expenditure data and household-level production data, this paper estimates the agricultural productivity returns to different types of public expenditure across various agro-ecological zones of Ghana. The results reveal that provision of various public goods and services in the agricultural, education, health and rural roads sectors have substantial impact on agricultural productivity. A one percent increase in public spending on agriculture is associated with a 0.15 percent increase in agricultural labor productivity, with a benefit-cost ratio of 16.8. Spending on feeder roads ranks second (with a benefit-cost ratio of 5), followed by health (about one hundredth of the value). Formal education was negatively...

From the Ground Up: Impacts of a Pro-Poor Community-Driven Development Project in Nigeria

Palavras-chave: Agricultural Development; Ghana; Public Spending and Investments; International Development; Productivity Analysis; Public Economics.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51634

Nkonya, Ephraim M.; Phillip, Dayo; Mogues, Tewodaj; Pender, John L.; Yahaya, Muhammed Kuta; Adebowale, Gbenga; Arokoyo, Tunji; Kato, Edward.

The community-driven development (CDD) approach has become increasingly popular because of its potential to develop projects that are sustainable, are responsive to local priorities, empower local communities, and more effectively target poor and vulnerable groups. The purpose of this study is to assess the impacts of Fadama II, which is a CDD project and the largest agricultural project in Nigeria. This study used propensity score matching (PSM) to select 1728 comparable project beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries. The study also used double difference methods to compare the impact indicators. Our results show that Fadama II project succeeded in targeting the poor and women farmers in its productive asset acquisition component. Participation in the...

SOCIAL CAPITAL AND THE REPRODUCTION OF INEQUALITY IN SOCIALLY POLARIZED ECONOMIES

Palavras-chave: Community driven development; Poverty reduction; Propensity score matching; Difference-in-difference; Fadama; And Nigeria; Community/Rural/Urban Development.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42344

This paper explores the idea that how wealth is distributed across social groups (ethnic or language groups, gender, etc.) fundamentally affects the evolution of economic inequality. By providing microfoundations suitable for this exploration, this paper hopes to enhance our understanding of when social forces contribute to the reproduction of economic inequality, and what the relevant policy implications might be. In tackling this issue, this paper offers contributions in two domains. First, it adds a dimension to the literature on social capital. Second, it offers a modest generalization of the concepts of identity, alienation and economic polarization used by Esteban and Ray (1994). This generalization permits us to consider the multiple characteristics...

Social Capital and the Reproduction of Economic Inequality in Polarized Societies

Palavras-chave: Institutional and Behavioral Economics.

Ano: 2004

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20132

Published as Mogues, Tewodaj; Carter, Michael. 2005. Social capital and the reproduction of economic inequality in polarized societies. Journal of Economic Inequality 3(3): 193-219.

Shocks, sensitivity and resilience: tracking the economic impacts of environmental disaster on assets in Ethiopia and Honduras

Palavras-chave: Equality; Social capital; Economic distribution; Labor and Human Capital.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58390

Carter, Michael R.; Little, Peter D.; Mogues, Tewodaj; Negatu, Workneh.

Droughts, hurricanes and other environmental shocks punctuate the lives of poor and vulnerable populations in many parts of the world. The direct impacts can be horrific, but what are the longer-term effects of such shocks on households and their livelihoods? Under what circumstances, and for what types of households, will shocks push households into poverty traps from which recovery is not possible? In an effort to answer these questions, this paper analyses the asset dynamics of Ethiopian and Honduran households in the wake of severe environmental shocks. While the patterns are different across countries, both reveal worlds in which the poorest households struggle most with shocks, adopting coping strategies which are costly in terms of both short term...

Tipo: Report

Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55402

IMPACTS OF COMMUNITY-DRIVEN DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS ON INCOME AND ASSET ACQUISITION IN AFRICA: THE CASE OF NIGERIA

Nkonya, Ephraim M.; Phillip, Dayo; Mogues, Tewodaj; Pender, John L.; Kato, Edward.

This study evaluates the impacts of a community-driven development (CDD) project on household income and acquisition of productive assets in Nigeria. Using panel data and difference-in-differences and propensity score matching approaches, the study finds that the project succeeded in targeting the poor and women farmers in its productive asset acquisition component. Participation in the project also increased the income of beneficiaries by about 60%, which is well above the targeted increase of only 20% in the 6-year period of the project. However, sustainability of this dramatic achievement is uncertain since the project did not involve rural credit services. The large cash transfer through its productive asset acquisition component is also unsustainable.

Shocks, livestock asset dynamics and social capital in Ethiopia

Palavras-chave: Nigeria; Africa; Community-driven development; Impact evaluation; Poverty; Targeting; Income; Assets; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; International Development; H43; H42; Q13; Q15.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50537

SOCIAL CAPITAL AND INCENTIVE COMPATIBILITY: MODELLING THE ACCUMULATION AND USE OF SOCIAL COLLATERAL

Mogues, Tewodaj.

This paper uses household survey panel data of 416 rural households to study livestock asset dynamics in the north-east of Ethiopia. The period under examination (1996-2003) was marked by severe environmental shocks, including a series of droughts. Using as point of departure the literature on the evolution of productive assets in the presence of risk, which relates asset paths to initial endowments, we test the hypothesis of wealth divergence and the existence of asset poverty traps. Results indicate rather that livestock asset dynamics are marked by convergence over time. Examining the role of social capital in recovery and growth of households’ endowments, both local social relationships as well as ‘bridging’ social capital seem to have a positive...

Tipo: Report

Palavras-chave: Labor and Human Capital; Livestock Production/Industries.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55395

In economics, where the long resistance to reflecting on the effects of social interaction on economic behaviour is slowly waning, the concept of social capital may turn out to be a useful analytical tool. However, initial interest in social capital has produced a large variety of definitions, theoretical frameworks, empirical analyses, and even policy prescriptions. This paper provides a selective review and critique of some of the more recent literature on social capital. It then suggests that many of the problems in the existing literature can be addressed by lowering aspirations about what social capital is and reformulating it in terms of its impact on incentive problems in economic transactions in the presence of imperfect markets and costly or...

Shocks, Sensitivity and Resilience: Tracking the Economic Impacts of Environmental Disaster on Assets in Ethiopia and Honduras

Palavras-chave: Institutional and Behavioral Economics.

Ano: 2003

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12623

Carter, Michael R.; Little, Peter D.; Mogues, Tewodaj; Negatu, Workneh.

Droughts, hurricanes and other environmental shocks punctuate the lives of poor and vulnerable populations in many parts of the world. The direct impacts can be horrific, but what are the longer-term effects of such shocks on households and their livelihoods? Under what circumstances, and for what types of households, will shocks push households into poverty traps from which recovery is not possible? In an effort to answer these questions, this paper analyzes the asset dynamics of Ethiopian and Honduran households in the wake of severe environmental shocks. While the patterns are different across countries, both reveal worlds in which the poorest households struggle most with shocks, adopting coping strategies which are costly in terms of both short term...

The bang for the Birr: Public expenditures and rural welfare in Ethiopia

Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12648

Mogues, Tewodaj; Ayele, Gezahegn; Paulos, Zelekawork.

Tipo: Report

Palavras-chave: Government Spending Policy; Ethiopia; Rural Poor; Rural Social Service; Community/Rural/Urban Development.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47223

How Effective is Public Spending? Public Investment Composition and Rural Welfare in Ethiopia

Mogues, Tewodaj; Ayele, Gezahegn; Paulos, Zelekawork; Fan, Shenggen.

One of the most important policy tools in developing countries for affecting economic growth and poverty reduction is expenditure policy. As governments decide how to allocate public spending, they need a clear understanding of how public investments translate into development outcomes. Using regional, zonal, and household-level data from Ethiopia, this paper analyses the relative returns, in terms of rural welfare, to different forms of public investment, including investment in agriculture, health, education, road infrastructure, and health.