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| Kinnucan, Henry W.; Myrland, Oystein. |
| An agreement between Norway and the European Commission specifies an increase in the export tax on Norwegian salmon entering EU markets from 0.75% to 3.00% effective 1 July 1997. Further, Norway's exports are subject to a price floor and quantity ceiling, neither of which were binding over the evaluation period. Since the tax's proceeds are to be used by Norway to fund generic marketing of Atlantic salmon, it is possible that the agreement is winwin, i.e., benefits United Kingdom and Norwegian producers alike. To test this, we use an equilibrium displacement model to estimate the agreement's effects on prices, trade flows, and producer welfare. Results based on data through 1999 suggest the agreement is indeed win-win, but that currency realignments and... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Equilibrium displacement modeling; Export tax; Generic advertising; Trade policy; International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 2002 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24826 |
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| Myrland, Oystein; Dong, Diansheng; Kaiser, Harry M.. |
| In this paper, a two-equation sample selection model is used to estimate a household demand function for salmon incorporating domestic generic advertising. The twoequation estimation procedure, based on purchase and unit value equations, allows us to handle heavily censored panel data for salmon purchases by Norwegian households and the quality effects simultaneously. Unit values of the aggregated salmon commodity calculated from the observed expenditures and quantities are hypothesized to represent the average quality of the purchased commodity. Advertising effects on both purchases and unit values are investigated. The model also allows us to separate the effects of conditional purchases and purchase probabilities. Results indicate that most (78%) of the... |
| Tipo: Technical Report |
Palavras-chave: Marketing. |
| Ano: 2003 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/122112 |
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| Kinnucan, Henry W.; Myrland, Oystein. |
| Buse’s concept of total response is extended to advertising effects. Results suggest that partial advertising elasticities overstate advertising’s ability to increase market demand. One implication is that advertising bans (e.g., for alcohol and tobacco) are apt to be less effective than indicated by partial advertising elasticities estimated from econometric models. Extending the concept of total response to price effects, the total advertising “flexibility” sets the lower bound on the optimal advertising-sales ratio and subsumes the Dorfman-Steiner and Nerlove-Waugh theorems as special cases. Applying the total flexibility concept to U.S. meats, results suggest the beef, pork and poultry industries are under-investing in advertising. However, in the case... |
| Tipo: Working Paper |
Palavras-chave: Advertising bans; Dorfman-Steiner theorem; Generic advertising; Total elasticities; Livestock Production/Industries; Marketing. |
| Ano: 2002 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/122634 |
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| Dong, Diansheng; Kaiser, Harry M.; Myrland, Oystein. |
| In this study, we develop and estimate a censored LA/AIDS model using household-level purchase data. In addition to imposing non-negativitity constraints, we account for the endogeneity of unit value. We address the non-negativity issue using an Amemiya-Tobin approach, which imposes the adding-up condition on both observed and latent shares. We address the endogeneity of unit value by estimating share equations and unit value equations simultaneously. Given the need to evaluate high-order probability integrals, we use a simulated probability method in the model estimation. This model is applied to estimate and analyze a demand system featuring six fish and three meat commodities, using Norwegian household data. |
| Tipo: Technical Report |
Palavras-chave: Demand and Price Analysis; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; C34; D12.. |
| Ano: 2003 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/122119 |
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