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Cumulative effects of marine renewable energy and climate change on ecosystem properties: Sensitivity of ecological network analysis ArchiMer
Nogues, Quentin; Raoux, Aurore; Araignous, Emma; Chaalali, Aurelie; Hattab, Tarek; Leroy, Boris; Ben Rais Lasram, Frida; David, Valérie; Le Loch, Francois; Dauvin, Jean-claude; Niquil, Nathalie.
In an increasingly anthropogenic world, the scientific community and managers have to take interactions between the drivers of ecosystems into consideration. Tools like ecological network analysis (ENA) indices offer the opportunity to study those interactions at the ecosystem level. However, ENA indices have never been used to test the incidence of cumulative drivers. The present study uses models combining the effects of (i) the reef caused by the future offshore wind farm of Courseulles-sur-Mer and (ii) climate change on species distribution, to test the response of multiple ENA indices. ENA indices proved sensitive to this cumulative impact, displaying a wide variety of cumulative effects. They were also very powerful to characterize the role of the...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Cumulative impact; Linear inverse modeling; Marine renewable energies; Ecological network analysis; ENA food web.
Ano: 2021 URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00658/77012/78274.pdf
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The mosaic of habitats of the Seine estuary: Insights from food-web modelling and network analysis ArchiMer
Tecchio, Samuele; Rius, Antonio; Dauvin, Jean-claude; Lobry, Jeremy; Lassalle, Geraldine; Morin, Jocelyne; Bacq, Nicolas; Cachera, Marie; Chaalali, Aurelie; Villanueva, Ching-maria; Niquil, Nathalie.
Ecological network analysis was applied in the Seine estuary ecosystem, northern France, integrating ecological data from the years 1996 to 2002. The Ecopath with Ecosim (EwE) approach was used to model the trophic flows in 6 spatial compartments leading to 6 distinct EwE models: the navigation channel and the two channel flanks in the estuary proper, and 3 marine habitats in the eastern Seine Bay. Each model included 12 consumer groups, 2 primary producers, and one detritus group. Ecological network analysis was performed, including a set of indices, keystoneness, and trophic spectrum analysis to describe the contribution of the 6 habitats to the Seine estuary ecosystem functioning. Results showed that the two habitats with a functioning most related to a...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Trophic network; Estuary; Ecological network analysis; Ecopath with Ecosim; Food web; Ecosystem health indicators.
Ano: 2015 URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00270/38154/42026.pdf
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Combining quantitative and qualitative models to identify functional groups for monitoring changes in the Bay of Biscay continental shelf exploited foodweb ArchiMer
Lassalle, Geraldine; Pasqual, Jean-sebastien Nelva; Boet, Philippe; Rochet, Marie-joelle; Trenkel, Verena; Niquil, Nathalie.
To develop and implement ecosystem-based management, it is critical to monitor foodweb components or functional groups which are robust to uncertainty in ecosystem structure and functioning yet sensitive to changes. To select such functional groups for the Bay of Biscay continental shelf, both quantitative and qualitative foodweb models were developed. First, functional groups for which predictions of directions of change following an increase in primary productivity, prey or predators, or in fishing activities were identical across alternative qualitative model structures were identified. Second, the robustness to model type was assessed by comparing qualitative predictions with quantitative Ecopath model results. The demersal fish community was...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Comparative studies; Ecosystem management; Foodweb; Loop analysis; Northeast Atlantic continental shelf.
Ano: 2014 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00173/28427/26852.pdf
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A probabilistic approach of flow-balanced network based on Markov chains ArchiMer
Leguerrier, Delphine; Bacher, Cedric; Benoit, Eric; Niquil, Nathalie.
We used Markov chains to assess residence time, first passage time, rare of transfers between compartments, recycling index with a general mathematical formalism. Such a description applies to any flow-balanced system that can be modelled as a series of discrete stages or compartments through which matter flows. We derived a general set of equations from a probabilistic approach and applied them to a food web and a physical system derived from the literature. We therefore analysed preferential pathways of matter and behaviour of these systems and showed how it was possible to build up and exploit indices on the basis of a transition probability matrix describing the network, and to characterize with a generic algorithm: (1) the total indirect relationships...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: First passage time; Box model; Food web model; Network; Transfer rate; Residence time; Markov chain.
Ano: 2006 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2006/publication-2268.pdf
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Lower trophic levels and detrital biomass control the Bay of Biscay continental shelf food web: Implications for ecosystem management ArchiMer
Lassalle, G.; Lobry, J.; Le Loc'H, F.; Bustamante, Paco; Certain, Gregoire; Delmas, Daniel; Dupuy, C.; Hily, Christian; Labry, Claire; Le Pape, O.; Marquis, Elise; Petitgas, Pierre; Pusineri, Claire; Ridoux, Vincent; Spitz, J.; Niquil, Nathalie.
The Bay of Biscay (North-East Atlantic) has long been subjected to intense direct and indirect human activities that lead to the excessive degradation and sometimes overexploitation of natural resources. Fisheries management is gradually moving away from single-species assessments to more holistic, multi-species approaches that better respond to the reality of ecosystem processes. Quantitative modelling methods such as Ecopath with Ecosim can be useful tools for planning, implementing and evaluating ecosystem-based fisheries management strategies. The aim of this study was therefore to model the energy fluxes within the food web of this highly pressured ecosystem and to extract practical information required in the diagnosis of ecosystem state/health. A...
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Ano: 2011 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00057/16851/14329.pdf
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An ecosystem approach for the assessment of fisheries impacts on marine top predators: the Bay of Biscay case study ArchiMer
Lassalle, Geraldine; Gascuel, Didier; Le Loch, Francois; Lobry, Jeremy; Pierce, Graham John; Ridoux, Vincent; Santos, Maria Begona; Spitz, Jerome; Niquil, Nathalie.
A number of marine mammal populations is currently threatened by their interactions with fisheries. The present study aimed to provide insights into the severity of potential impacts of operational and biological interactions between top predators and fisheries, in the Bay of Biscay region. Our approach was to modify an Ecopath with Ecosim (EwE) model describing the overall structure and function of the ecosystem by including landings and discards of exploited stocks and estimations of the bycatch of non-target compartments. Second, a set of ecological indices and a trophic level (TL)-based model (EcoTroph, ET) were derived from the EwE model. ET was used to simulate the effects of increasing fishing pressure on the ecosystem and, more particularly, on top...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Ecopath; Ecosystem modelling; EcoTroph; Fisheries impacts; Marine mammals; Trophic level.
Ano: 2012 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00087/19855/17541.pdf
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Benthic and fish aggregation inside an offshore wind farm: Which effects on the trophic web functioning? ArchiMer
Raoux, Aurore; Tecchio, Samuele; Pezy, Jean-philippe; Lassalle, Geraldine; Degraer, Steven; Wilhelmsson, Dan; Cachera, Marie; Ernande, Bruno; Le Guen, Camille; Haraldsson, Matilda; Grangere, Karine; Le Loc'H, Francois; Dauvin, Jean-claude; Niquil, Nathalie.
As part of the energy transition, the French government is planning the construction of three offshore wind farms in Normandy (Bay of Seine and eastern part of the English Channel, north-western France) in the next years. These offshore wind farms will be integrated into an ecosystem already facing multiple anthropogenic disturbances such as maritime transport, fisheries, oyster and mussel farming, and sediment dredging. Currently no integrated, ecosystem-based study on the effects of the construction and exploitation of offshore wind farms exists, where biological approaches generally focused on the conservation of some valuable species or groups of species. Complementary trophic web modelling tools were applied to the Bay of Seine ecosystem (to the 50...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Marine renewable energies; Reef effect; Wind farm; Ecopath with Ecosim; Ecosystem-based approach.
Ano: 2017 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00347/45843/46723.pdf
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Plankton food-web functioning in anthropogenically impacted coastal waters (SW Mediterranean Sea): an ecological network analysis ArchiMer
Meddeb, Marouan; Grami, Boutheina; Chaalali, Aurelie; Haraldsson, Matilda; Niquil, Nathalie; Pringault, Olivier; Hlaili, Asma Sakka.
The study is the first attempt to (i) model spring food webs in three SW Mediterranean ecosystems which are under different anthropogenic pressures and (ii) to project the consequence of this stress on their function. Linear inverse models were built using the Monte Carlo method coupled with Markov Chains to characterize the food-web status of the Lagoon, the Channel (inshore waters under high eutrophication and chemical contamination) and the Bay of Bizerte (offshore waters under less anthropogenic pressure). Ecological network analysis was used for the description of structural and functional properties of each food web and for inter-ecosystem comparisons. Our results showed that more carbon was produced by phytoplankton in the inshore waters (966–1234...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Food-web modelling; Ecological network analysis; Mediterranean coastal waters; Plankton ecology.
Ano: 2018 URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00427/53813/54782.pdf
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Evaluating ecosystem-level anthropogenic impacts in a stressed transitional environment: The case of the Seine estuary ArchiMer
Tecchio, Samuele; Chaalali, Aurelie; Raoux, Aurore; Rius, Armonie Tous; Lequesne, Justine; Girardin, Valerie; Lassalle, Geraldine; Cachera, Marie; Riou, Philippe; Lobry, Jeremy; Dauvin, Jean-claude; Niquil, Nathalie.
During 2002–2005, a new container terminal in the commercial harbour of Le Havre, named “Port2000”, was built on the northern flank of the Seine estuary, northern France. This extension is already known to have modified the estuary current and sediment dynamics, as well as reducing biomass of the suprabenthos assemblage, for the whole downstream part of the system. However, studies on other biotic communities were largely inconclusive, and an ecosystem-wide analysis was still lacking. Here, we performed a before/after study of ecosystem dynamics of the different habitats of the Seine estuary, using a Linear Inverse Modelling technique (LIM-MCMC) to estimate all flows occurring in the food web. Ecological Network Analysis indices were calculated,...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Linear inverse model; Estuarine ecosystem; Seine estuary; English Channel.
Ano: 2016 URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00288/39916/44274.pdf
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Recommandations pour une approche écosystémique des aires d’implantation d’énergies marines renouvelables. Cas d’étude du parc éolien offshore de Courseulles-sur-mer ArchiMer
Araignous, Emma; Beaugrand, Gregory; Ben Rais Lasram, Frida; Bourdaud, Pierre; Champagnat, Juliette; Dauvin, Jean-claude; Grangeré, Karine; Halouani, Ghassen; Haraldsson, Matilda; Hattab, Tarek; Le Loch, Francois; Leroy, Boris; Lejart, Morgane; Niquil, Nathalie; Nogues, Quintin; Pagot, J.-p.; Raoux, Aurore; Safi, Georges; Villanueva, Ching-maria.
Les études d’impact environnemental menées en amont des projets éoliens offshores considèrent chaque compartiment de manière individuelle, et non pas l’écosystème dans son ensemble. La compréhension des liens trophiques et l’appréhension de l’écosystème de manière holistique est pourtant un enjeu important rapporté par les politiques publiques telles que la Directive Cadre Stratégie pour le Milieu Marin (Directive 2008/56/EC). Le projet collaboratif TROPHIK (ANR-10-IEED-0006-12) pose les bases d’une approche écosystémique des Energies Marines Renouvelables (EMR) destinée à permettre une démarche holistique et intégrée avant installation de parcs éoliens en mer. Cette approche s’appuie sur un cas d’étude français, le site du futur parc éolien au large de...
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Ano: 2019 URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00511/62273/66478.pdf
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Bacterivory of a mudflat nematode community under different environmental conditions ArchiMer
Pascal, P.y.; Dupuy, C; Richard, P; Rzeznik-orignac, J; Niquil, Nathalie.
The fate of the benthic bacterial biomass is a topic of major importance in understanding how softbottom environments function. Because of their high abundance, production and nutritional value, benthic bacteria may constitute an important food resource for benthic fauna. The trophic role of bacteria for a nematode community on the Brouage mudflat (Marennes-Ole´ron-France), dominated by three species: Chromadora macrolaima (64% of the abundance), Daptonema oxycerca (15%) and Ptycholaimellus jacobi (8%), was determined in grazing experiments using 15N pre-enriched bacteria. On intertidal flats, seasonal, tidal and circadian cycles induce strong variations in environmental conditions. Grazing experiments were performed in order to measure the effects of...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Mudflat; Environmental factor; Grazing; Bacteria; Nematode.
Ano: 2008 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2008/publication-4295.pdf
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How would the loss of production due to an herbicide have repercussions in the food web of an intertidal mudflat? Sensitivity analysis of an inverse model for Brouage mudflat, Marennes-Oleron Bay, France ArchiMer
Niquil, Nathalie; Kerleguer, G; Leguerrier, D; Richard, Pierre; Legrand, Helene; Dupuy, Christine; Pascal, P; Bacher, Cedric.
The presence of herbicides in the run-off water coming over Brouage mudflat (Marennes-Oleron Bay, France) is suspected to cause a loss of primary production by benthic diatom biofilm. Microphytobenthos being the main primary producer of this ecosystem, it was questioned about what could be the effect of such a modification of primary production on the entire food web that depends on it. The probable impacts were investigated through a sensitivity analysis conducted on the steady-state model of the Brouage mudflat, coupling two seasons and trophic-hydrodynamic flows. The loss of benthic primary production had an effect on compartments at a low trophic level, but was buffered at higher levels because of the compensation of herbivory by other pathways and...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Intertidal mudflat food web; Pollution; Microphytobenthos; Inverse analysis; Sensitivity analysis.
Ano: 2006 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2006/publication-3613.pdf
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A toolbox to evaluate data reliability for whole-ecosystem models: Application on the Bay of Biscay continental shelf food-web model ArchiMer
Lassalle, Geraldine; Bourdaud, Pierre; Saint-beat, Blanche; Rochette, Sebastien; Niquil, Nathalie.
Ecosystem models are always simplifications of reality and as such their application for ecosystem-based management requires standard validation. Here, the “DataReli” toolbox is proposed to evaluate the quality of the data used during the construction of ecosystem models, their coherence across trophic levels, and whether data limitations prevent the model long-term applications. This toolbox is the combination of three operational and complementary analyses: (i) the pedigree index to determine to what extent a model was calibrated on data of local origin; (ii) the graphical analysis known as PREBAL to assess whether a model respects some basic ecological and fisheries principles; and (iii) a sensitivity analysis to evaluate the robustness of model...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Food-web model; Ecopath; Model evaluation; Parameter uncertainty; Ecosystem-based management; Bay of Biscay.
Ano: 2014 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00188/29969/28484.pdf
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Modeling the impact of oyster culture on a mudflat food web in Marennes-Oleron Bay (France) ArchiMer
Leguerrier, D; Niquil, Nathalie; Petiau, A; Bodoy, Alain.
We used a carbon-based food web model to investigate the effects of oyster cultivation on the ecosystem of an intertidal mudflat. A previously published food web model of a mudflat in Marennes-Oleron Bay, France, was updated with revised parameters, and a realistic surface area and density of existing oyster cultures on the mudflat. We developed 2 hypothetical scenarios to estimate the impact of oyster cultivation on the food web structure of the ecosystem: one with no oysters, the other with a doubled area devoted to cultivated oysters in the bay. Oysters are direct trophic competitors of other filter feeders, and their presence modifies benthic-pelagic coupling by forcing a shift from pelagic consumers to benthic consumers. Increasing the surface area of...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Carbon flux; Inverse analysis; Food web; Network analysis; Bivalve culture.
Ano: 2004 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00000/10816/7583.pdf
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Comparative analysis of the food webs of two intertidal mudflats during two seasons using inverse modelling: Aiguillon Cove and Brouage Mudflat, France ArchiMer
Degre, Delphine; Leguerrier, D; Du Chatelet, E; Rzeznik, J; Auguet, Jean-christophe; Dupuy, Christine; Marquis, E; Fichet, Denis; Struski, Caroline; Joyeux, E; Sauriau, Pierre-guy; Niquil, Nathalie.
Inverse analysis was used to model the food webs of two intertidal mudflat ecosystems: Aiguillon Cove (AC) and Brouage Mudflat (BM) (south-western Atlantic coast, France). The aim of the present study is to describe and compare the functioning of these two ecosystems. The method of inverse analysis has been adapted in order to take into account, in a single calculation, two seasons: spring/summer (mid-March to mid-October) and autumn/winter (the rest of the year). Gathering all available data on the two sites, the most important gaps in knowledge were identified with the help of sensitivity analyses: they concerned mainly the exports of material by grazing fish (such as mullet Liza ramada), resuspension of microphytobenthos, and fluxes linked to microfauna...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Atlantic coast; Sensitivity analysis; Tidal flat; Inverse analysis; Steady state; Food web.
Ano: 2006 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2006/publication-1863.pdf
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The Merits of Loop Analysis for the Qualitative Modeling of Social-Ecological Systems in Presence of Offshore Wind Farms ArchiMer
Niquil, Nathalie; Scotti, Marco; Fofack-garcia, Rhoda; Haraldsson, Matilda; Thermes, Maud; Raoux, Aurore; Le Loc'H, François; Mazé, Camille.
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Social-ecosystem modeling; Loop analysis; Adaptive management; Sensitivity analysis; Marine renewable energy.
Ano: 2021 URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00682/79409/81957.pdf
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Influence of planktonic foodweb structure on a system's capacity to support pelagic production: an inverse analysis approach ArchiMer
Marquis, Elise; Niquil, Nathalie; Vezina, Alain F.; Petitgas, Pierre; Dupuy, Christine.
Coupled plankton/small pelagic (SP) fish systems were analysed to assess how foodweb structure influences the export of carbon to pelagic fish during the spring bloom in the Bay of Biscay. The investigation of carbon export flows through inverse analysis was supplemented by estimating the carrying capacity for pelagic fish production by applying linear programming. A planktonic foodweb dominated by microbial pathways had the highest trophic efficiency owing to the tight coupling between planktonic trophic levels and predation pressure on mesozooplankton by fish. Moreover, the magnitude of the gap between carrying capacity and estimated carbon export was related to the size structure of primary producers, with the picophytoplankton-based foodweb having the...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Bay of Biscay; Carbon export; Carrying capacity; Inverse analysis; Planktonic foodweb; Small pelagic fish.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00035/14583/13375.pdf
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How to model social-ecological systems? – A case study on the effects of a future offshore wind farm on the local society and ecosystem, and whether social compensation matters ArchiMer
Haraldsson, Matilda; Raoux, Aurore; Riera, Fabien; Hay, Julien; Dambacher, Jeffrey M.; Niquil, Nathalie.
Models of social-ecological systems (SES) are acknowledged as an important tool to understand human-nature relations. However, many SES models fail to integrate adequate information from both the human and ecological subsystems. With an example model of a future Offshore Wind Farm development and its effects on both the ecosystem and local human population, we illustrate a method facilitating a “balanced” SES model, in terms of including information from both subsystems. We use qualitative mathematical modeling, which allows to quickly analyze the structure and dynamics of a system without including quantitative data, and therefore to compare alternative system structures based on different understandings of how the system works. By including similar...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Network; Renewable energy; Eastern English channel; Perception; Qualitative modeling; Acceptance.
Ano: 2020 URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00631/74300/73944.pdf
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Numerical analysis of the food web of an intertidal mudflat ecosystem on the Atlantic coast of France ArchiMer
Leguerrier, Delphine; Niquil, Nathalie; Boileau, N; Rzeznik, J; Sauriau, Pierre-guy; Le Moine, Olivier; Bacher, Cedric.
Food web modelling is an ideal way to describe ecosystems, because it accounts for the totality of the relationships between its various components. One difficulty of such an approach, however, lies in the lack of data and information about some ecological relationships, resulting in under-defined systems. Inverse analysis can serve to complete steady-state food webs where the number of direct flow measurements is insufficient relative to the actual number of flows. We applied this method to the intertidal mudflat ecosystem of Brouage (eastern Marennes-Oleron Bay, SW France) and estimated the annual average carbon flows between the compartments of a coupled benthic and pelagic trophic food web from primary producers (microphytobenthos and phytoplankton) to...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Network analysis; Food web; Inverse analysis; Carbon flow.
Ano: 2003 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2003/publication-3134.pdf
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Isotopic analyses, a good tool to validate models in the context of Marine Renewable Energy development and cumulative impacts ArchiMer
Raoux, Aurore; Pezy, Jean-philippe; Ernande, Bruno; Niquil, Nathalie; Dauvin, Jean-claude; Grangeré, Karine.
As part of the energy transition, the French government is planning Offshore Wind Farm (OWF) constructions in the next decades. An integrated ecosystem approach of two future OWF sites of the Eastern English Channel (Courseulles-sur-mer and Dieppe-Le Tréport) was developed to model the marine ecosystems before the OWF implementation. Such ecosystem models allow simulating the possible reef and reserve effects associated to the presence of the farm, and to character the overall changes in the food-web functioning. This holistic view of OWF effects could be replicated on other sites and form the basis of an ecosystem based management of marine renewable energies. However, to use these models for management purpose, they need to be validated. In order to do...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Offshore wind farm; Ecopath with ecosim; Trophic level; Isotopic nitrogen analysis; English channel.
Ano: 2020 URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00611/72359/71273.pdf
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