|
|
|
|
|
| Neven, David; Reardon, Thomas; Odera, Michael M.; Wang, Honglin. |
| The rise of supermarkets in Kenya has given rise to a new group of medium-sized farms managed by well-educated farmers. Focusing on kale, the essay shows that nearly all supermarket-channel farmers have the capacity to supply larger volumes year round and have transportation vehicles, an irrigation system, a packing shed, a cellular phone, and so on, pointing to the existence of a threshold capital vector which farmers must have in order to access supermarkets. Especially farm size and irrigation were found to be significant determinants of participation in the supermarket channel. Kale suppliers to supermarkets use more capital intensive production technologies, leading to average labor and land productivities which are 60-70% higher than in the... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Marketing. |
| Ano: 2005 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11667 |
| |
|
|
| Reardon, Thomas; Odera, Michael M.; Neven, David. |
| Are the rural poor excluded from the market opportunities created by the rise of supermarkets in developing countries? We analyzed the farm-level impact of supermarket growth in Kenya's produce sub-sector which is dominated by smallholder producers. Two main findings emerged. First, the existence of a threshold capital vector at the entrance of the supermarket channel does hinder the entry of small, rainfed farms. Instead, the main supply response has come from a new group of medium-sized, fast-growing farms managed by well-educated farmers. Second, the heavy reliance on and higher wages paid to hired farm workers on supermarket-channel farms help to alleviate poverty for rural households with little land. |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Marketing. |
| Ano: 2006 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11534 |
| |
|
|
| Odera, Michael M.; Kimani, Stephen K.. |
| This review places in context the role agricultural soils play in global carbon dynamics, and their potential interaction with climate change through soil carbon sequestration. The paper first examine the potential of soils as carbon sinks, agricultural practices and dynamics in soil organic carbon, emerging agreements on payments for environmental services (PES) that mitigate global warming through enhanced carbon sinks, exclusion of agricultural activities in PES under Kyoto Protocol, and the basis for inclusion of agricultural soil carbon sinks through sustainability based production systems. Soils are one of the planets largest sinks for carbon and hold potential for expanded carbon sequestration through changes in management. The global soil organic... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy. |
| Ano: 2004 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9539 |
| |
|
|
|
