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Registros recuperados: 38 | |
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Artz, Georgeanne M.; Orazem, Peter F.; Otto, Daniel M.. |
We measure how local growth in meatpacking and processing affects growth in local economies, government expenditures, and crime rates from 1990-2000 in nonmetropolitan counties of 12 Midwestern States. Propensity score matching is used as a check on possible non-random placement of meatpacking and processing plants. Results suggest that as the meat packing industry's share of a county's total employment and wage bill rises, total employment growth increases. However, employment growth in other sectors slows, as does local wage growth. There is some evidence that slower wage growth swamps the employment growth so that aggregate income grows more slowly. We find no evidence that growth in the industry changes the growth rates for crime or government... |
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Livestock Production/Industries. |
Ano: 2005 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18219 |
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Yu, Li; Hurley, Terrance M.; Kliebenstein, James B.; Orazem, Peter F.. |
A long-standing puzzle in labor economics has been the positive relationship between wages and firm size. Even after controlling for worker's observed characteristics such as education, work experience, gender, and geographic location, a significant firm size wage effect averaging 15 percent remains. This paper investigates whether the size-wage premium on hog farms persists over time and whether the magnitude is growing or shrinking. The paper pays particular attention to the matching process by which workers are allocated to farms of different size and technology use, and whether the matching process may explain differences in wages across farms. The study relies on four surveys of employees on hog farms collected in 1990, 1995, 2000, and 2005. The... |
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Livestock Production/Industries. |
Ano: 2007 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9991 |
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Meyer, Rebecca; Orazem, Peter F.; Wachenheim, William A.. |
Variation in income tax policies and health insurance costs are shown to be theoretically appropriate instruments to identify endogenous firm wage and benefit offers in a labor supply model. Empirical results show that firms are more likely to provide health insurance benefits in states with high marginal income tax rates and low hospitalization costs. The model implies that over the 1983-1995 period, large increases in health insurance costs and reductions in marginal income tax rates lowered the probability of receiving health insurance benefits from employers by 10 percentage points. This decrease in benefits lowered hours of labor supply by 4-7%. |
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Labor and Human Capital. |
Ano: 2002 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18230 |
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Song, Moohoun; Orazem, Peter F.. |
Students in majors with higher average quantitative GRE scores are less likely to attend graduate school while students in majors with higher average verbal GRE scores are more likely to attend graduate school. This sorting effect means that students whose cognitive skills are associated with lower earnings at the bachelor's level are the most likely to attend graduate school. As a result, there is a substantial downward bias in estimated returns to graduate education. Correcting for the sorting effect raises estimated annualized returns to a Master's or doctoral degree from about 5% to 14.5% and 12.6% respectively. Estimated returns to professional degrees rise from 14% to 20%. These findings correspond to a large increase in relative earnings... |
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Labor and Human Capital. |
Ano: 2005 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18207 |
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Artz, Georgeanne M.; Orazem, Peter F.; Otto, Daniel M.. |
Growth in the meat packing and processing industry in the Midwestern United States has generated a significant amount of debate regarding the costs and benefits of this type of economic development. This research employs 1990-2000 proprietary data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics' Longitudinal Database (LDB) to investigate the effects of this industry on social and economic outcomes in non-metropolitan counties of twelve Midwestern states. The empirical specification uses a difference-in-differences specification to measure the effect of industry growth on local economic growth, government expenditures, and crime. Propensity score matching is used as a check on possible non-random placement of meat packing and processing plants. Results suggest... |
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development. |
Ano: 2005 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19242 |
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Artz, Georgeanne M.; Jackson, Rebecca; Orazem, Peter F.. |
Over the past 35 years, meatpacking plants have moved from urban to rural areas. These plants can represent a significant share of a rural community’s employment. As a traditional employer of immigrants, these plants can also alter significantly the demographic composition of a rural community. These changes have led to numerous controversies regarding whether meatpacking plants impose social or economic costs on their host communities. This study uses comments culled from various media to identify where there exist sharp differences of opinion on how local meatpacking presence affects local language problems, social service expenses, special needs schooling and the mix of foreign- and native-born citizens. These opinions are used to formulate testable... |
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development. |
Ano: 2008 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48529 |
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Yu, Li; Hurley, Terrance M.; Kliebenstein, James B.; Orazem, Peter F.. |
Economists have long puzzled over the fact that large firms pay higher wages than small firms, even after controlling for worker's observed productive characteristics. One possible explanation has been that firm size is correlated with unobserved productive attributes which confound firm size with other productive characteristics. This study investigates the size-wage premium in the context of firms competing within a single market for a relatively homogeneous product: hogs. We pay particular attention to the matching process by which workers are linked to farms of different size and technology use, and whether the matching process may explain differences in wages across farms. The study relies on four surveys of employees on hog farms collected in 1990,... |
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Labor and Human Capital; Livestock Production/Industries. |
Ano: 2008 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6138 |
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Artz, Georgeanne M.; Orazem, Peter F.. |
Beale codes are an important tool for examining rural urban differences in socioeconomic trends. However, as population changes, counties' designations also change over time. This feature of Beale codes is commonly overlooked by researchers, yet it has important implications for understanding rural growth. Since the fastest growing counties grow out of their rural status, use of the most recent codes excludes the most successful rural counties. Average economic performance of the countries remaining rural significantly understates the true performance of rural counties. This paper illustrates that choice of Beale code can alter conclusions regarding the relative speed of rural and urban growth across a variety of commonly used social and economic... |
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development. |
Ano: 2005 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19408 |
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Orazem, Peter F.; Glewwe, Paul; Patrinos, Harry. |
This paper reviews the stylized facts regarding the levels of human capital investments and the returns to those investments in developing countries. It shows that 23% of children in developing countries do not complete the fifth grade and of these, 55% started school but dropped out. We argue that eliminating dropouts is the most cost effective way to make progress on the goal of Universal Primary Education. Of the various mechanisms we can use, mechanisms that stimulate schooling demand have the strongest evidence of success to date and are the most cost effective. |
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Labor and Human Capital. |
Ano: 2007 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7352 |
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Hurley, Terrance M.; Kliebenstein, James B.; Orazem, Peter F.. |
The rapid expansion of large-scale pork production has been accompanied by increasing concerns regarding potential detrimental consequences of environmental hazards on the health of producers. This study makes use of health indicators obtained from attendees at the World Pork Expo between 1991 and 1995 to evaluate the impact of pork production generally and of confinement production, specifically, on producer health. The analysis expands existing studies because the larger number of participants allows for detailed analysis, both nonfarmers and non-pork farmers are used as controls, both objective as well as self-reported health measures are considered, and personal characteristics such as height, weight, age, gender, smoking habits, and years of exposure... |
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Labor and Human Capital; Livestock Production/Industries. |
Ano: 1996 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18278 |
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Dust, Andrew; Orazem, Peter F.; Wohlgemuth, Darin. |
Using U.S. Census data from 1950 to 2000, this paper provides a framework to compare the responses of immigrant and native population growth to the economic incentives offered by rural counties in the Midwest and the South. We find that in marked contrast to urban immigrant populations, rural immigrants do not congregate in ethnic enclaves. Larger rural populations of immigrants do not attract more immigrants, nor do they retard growth of the young native born population. Immigrant populations are more responsive than native populations to economic incentives. The native-born population tends to respond more to growth in specific industries, while immigrant populations are more responsive to overall employment growth. Rural immigrant population growth is... |
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development; Labor and Human Capital. |
Ano: 2008 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6182 |
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Hurley, Terrance M.; Kliebenstein, James B.; Orazem, Peter F.. |
Pork production has been evolving from relatively small, family-run operations toward large-scale operations with several employees. This study uses a national survey of pork producers and their employees to answer several questions about the structure of wages and benefits in this rapidly changing labor market. The findings include: 1) wages do not differ across regions of the country but, instead, reflect differences in worker skills and firm size consistent with a nationally competitive labor market; 2) there is no evidence that large producers have market power in local labor markets that enable them to pay lower wages than competitors; 3) rather; large firms pay higher wages, offer better benefits, and safer working environments than smaller firms;... |
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Labor and Human Capital; Livestock Production/Industries. |
Ano: 1996 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18273 |
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Orazem, Peter F.; Wohlgemuth, Darin; Huang, Tzu-Ling. |
This study tests whether evidence supports the hypothesis that rural immigrant populations are more sensitive to relative returns to human capital and living costs will be more elastic than those of native-born citizens. An empirically tractable model of incentive to migrate is developed following work of Huang et al (2001). The model is tested using Census data from 1950-1990 for a sample of rural counties from 18 Midwest and South central states. Preliminary results show that residential decisions of the rural foreign-born population are more sensitive to relative returns to human capital and relative costs of living than are native-born populations. Consequently, rural areas can attract immigrants if they offer earnings opportunities relative to... |
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development; Labor and Human Capital. |
Ano: 2002 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19750 |
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Registros recuperados: 38 | |
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