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Registros recuperados: 49 | |
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Mullen, Kathleen; Orden, David; Gulati, Ashok. |
Since the early 1990s, India has undergone substantial economic policy reform and economic growth. Though reforms in agricultural policy have lagged those in other sectors, they have nonetheless created a somewhat more open economic orientation. In this study, we evaluate the protection and support versus disprotection of agriculture in India. Our methodology involves examining market price support (MPS) for eleven crops, the expenditures on input subsidies benefiting farmers (for fertilizer, electricity and irrigation), and product-specific and total producer support estimates (PSEs) over the period 1985-2002. We draw on the extensive price-comparison and subsidy-measurement data sets and analysis developed earlier by Gulati and his co-authors, often... |
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: South Asia; South Asia and Central Asia; Agricultural policy; Producer Support Estimates (PSEs); Agricultural support; Agricultural production; Scaling up; Agricultural and Food Policy. |
Ano: 2005 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59821 |
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Orden, David; Cheng, Fuzhi; Nguyen, Hoa; Grote, Ulrike; Thomas, Marcelle; Mullen, Kathleen; Sun, Dongsheng. |
The levels of support that trade and domestic farm policies afford to agriculture, and the related processes of policy reform intended to improve the economic efficiency of agricultural production, processing, and marketing, are important issues for developing countries. The effects of policy on agriculture are well documented for wealthy countries, especially by the established and respected studies from the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development. However, systematic analysis is often lacking for poor countries because of the difficulty and cost of measuring policy effects consistently over time and across commodities. This study contributes to filling the existing research gap by examining the impacts of agricultural policies and policy... |
Tipo: Report |
Palavras-chave: Agriculture and state; India; Indonesia; China; Vietnam; Agricultural and Food Policy. |
Ano: 2007 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37879 |
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Bouet, Antoine; Mevel, Simon; Orden, David. |
In this brief, we evaluate the effects of a possible Doha agreement based on proposals currently on the table from the United States, the European Union, and the Group of Twenty (G20). We first begin with a basic scenario that represents a compromise between the more and less ambitious aspects of these proposals.1 As assessed in the MIRAGE general equilibrium model of the world economy, this basic scenario yields a global income gain of $54.7 billion, or about one-fourth of the global income gains that are estimated from full trade liberalization.2 Gains are distributed among countries in a slightly progressive manner but are largely proportional to initial income shares, so the LDCs gain only a paltry $1.0 billion. We next consider two specific... |
Tipo: Report |
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade. |
Ano: 2006 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42452 |
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Orden, David. |
The 2002 U.S. farm bill has been widely criticized for increasing subsidies with detrimental effects on competing agricultural producers abroad and for undermining U.S. leadership in achieving liberalized world agricultural trade. This paper provides an assessment that shows the 2002 bill has effects that are nuanced in at least four respects. It raises expenditures compared to 1996 legislation, but not compared to actual 1998-2001 outlays. It maintains planting flexibility, but extends support to new crops and undermines some of the decoupling of subsidy payments from production and market prices that had occurred. It violates the spirit of U.S. trade liberalization rhetoric, but probably not the letter of U.S. WTO commitments. And it continues the... |
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy. |
Ano: 2003 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16286 |
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Thornsbury, Suzanne; Roberts, Donna; Orden, David. |
Technical regulations are increasingly visible in agricultural trade, yet their idiosyncratic nature has limited prior aggregate analysis. This article draws on a unique data source for systematic enumeration of the technical regulations questioned by one exporter among all of its trading partners in mid-1996. Political economy analysis indicates that barriers decrease when the relative contribution of agriculture to an economy increases, when the anticipated future level of protection through other forms of government intervention increases, and when economies are more open. Despite increased scrutiny and discipline by the World Trade Organization, technical barriers remain a significant impediment in world agricultural markets. |
Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Limited dependent variable; Sanitary; And phytosanitary; WTO; F13; F14; C21; C24. |
Ano: 2004 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43448 |
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Orden, David; Salam, Abdul; Dewina, Reno; Nazli, Hina; Minot, Nicholas. |
The incidence of rural poverty in Pakistan increased during the late 1990s after having declined during the 1980s and early 1990s. A number of structural factors have been identified as contributing to rural poverty in Pakistan. Among them are low levels of health and education spending and the unequal of farmland distribution. These structural factors help explain the levels of poverty in Pakistan, but not the increase in poverty in the late 1990s. One hypothesis is that the increase in rural poverty is the result of an adverse trend in world commodity prices, particularly cotton, a major commercial crop, and other agricultural commodities such as wheat, rice, and sugar. The overall objective of this paper is to measure the impact of changes in world... |
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Food Security and Poverty. |
Ano: 2006 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21381 |
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Thomas, Marcelle; Orden, David. |
As in many other developing countries, the concerns about food security in Indonesia during the 1980s and early 1990s resulted in policies aimed at achieving self-sufficiency in food crops. The Government of Indonesia (GOI) combined price interventions and economic incentives to encourage agricultural production, especially of the staple crops. From 1985 to 1998, Indonesia started a series of domestic and trade reforms emanating from a combination of unilateral undertakings, the country’s commitments to the WTO, and the government’s agreement with the IMF following the 1997/98 financial crisis. This study computes nominal protection rates and producer support estimates (NPR and PSE) for Indonesia for the period 1985-2003 for six agricultural commodities,... |
Tipo: Report |
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade. |
Ano: 2004 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60455 |
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Josling, Timothy E.; Orden, David; Roberts, Donna. |
This paper was presented at the INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS SYMPOSIUM in Auckland, New Zealand, January 18-19, 2001. The Symposium was sponsored by: the International Agricultural Trade Research Consortium, the Venture Trust, Massey University, New Zealand, and the Centre for Applied Economics and Policy Studies, Massey University. Dietary changes, especially in developing countries, are driving a massive increase in demand for livestock products. The objective of this symposium was to examine the consequences of this phenomenon, which some have even called a "revolution." How are dietary patterns changing, and can increased demands for livestock products be satisfied from domestic resources? If so, at what cost? What will be the flow-on... |
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade. |
Ano: 2001 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14566 |
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Cheng, Fuzhi; Orden, David. |
This paper examines the effects of the exchange rate misalignment on the agricultural Producer Support Estimates (PSEs) in India. Based on various time series techniques, the equilibrium exchange rate of the Indian rupee and the corresponding misalignment are estimated and applied to the calculations of the PSEs. Our results show that the indirect effect from exchange rate misalignment on India's agriculture has either amplified or counteracted the direct effect from sectoral-specific policies. The indirect effect of exchange rate overvaluation has potentially taxed the agricultural sector in India during the periods leading up to the financial crisis. However, the magnitude of these indirect effects becomes smaller in the later periods when the actual... |
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade. |
Ano: 2006 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25299 |
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Registros recuperados: 49 | |
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