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Mezzalama,Monica; Crouch,Jonathan H; Ortiz,Rodomiro. |
The use of transgenic crops is steadily increasing around the world, led by soybean (based on total area) and maize (in terms of total number of countries). Transgenic maize is grown in at least 17 countries across four continents: Africa, America, Asia and Europe. The comprehensive global spread of transgenic maize has significant implications for organizations involved in germplasm conservation and genetic enhancement; particularly as some countries require a GMO-free declaration when receiving shipments of maize germplasm. This article describes the protocol used by the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) for monitoring unintentional transgene flow in maize genebank and breeding plots. The protocol is based on polymerase chain... |
Tipo: Journal article |
Palavras-chave: Biosafety; Genetic integrity; Germplasm enhancement; GM-maize. |
Ano: 2010 |
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0717-34582010000200006 |
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Sharma,Hari C.; Sharma,Kiran K.; Seetharama,Nadoor; Ortiz,Rodomiro. |
Integrated pest management has historically placed great hopes on host plant resistance. However, conventional host-plant resistance to insects involves quantitative traits at several loci. As a result, the progress has been slow and difficult to achieve. With the advent of genetic transformation techniques, it has become possible to clone and insert genes into the crop plants to confer resistance to insect pests. Resistance to insects has been demonstrated in transgenic plants expressing genes for delta-endotoxins from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), protease inhibitors, enzymes and plant lectins. Most of the plant derived genes produce chronic rather than toxic effects and some insect pests are not sensitive to some of these factors. The potential of plant... |
Tipo: Journal article |
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Ano: 2000 |
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0717-34582000000200001 |
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Ortiz,Rodomiro. |
This article reviews some of the highlights of modern plant biotechnology and discusses the potential applications of biotechnology in the betterment of farming systems in the next millennium. Plant biotechnology will facilitate the farming of crops with multiple durable resistance to pests and diseases, particularly in the absence of pesticides. Likewise, transgenes or marker-assisted selection may assist in the development of high yielding crops, which will be needed to feed the world and save land for the conservation of plant biodiversity in natural habitats. Hence, crops should be engineered to meet the demands and needs of consumers. The genetic base of crop production can be preserved and widen by an integration of biotechnology tools in... |
Tipo: Journal article |
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Ano: 1998 |
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0717-34581998000300005 |
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Crouch,Jonathan H.; Vuylsteke,Dirk; Ortiz,Rodomiro. |
Bananas and plantains (Musa spp.) are the most important tropical fruit crops. They form an integral component of the farming systems in the humid agroecological zones of the tropics. A broad array of applied cell and molecular techniques are increasingly being used worldwide to facilitate and enhance the handling and improvement of plantain and banana germplasm. Tissue culture is used for germplasm exchange, conservation and rapid multiplication, while in vitro seed germination (based on embryo culture or rescue) plays a critical role in generating hybrid plants. DNA marker systems have been developed in Musa to assist germplasm management, selection within the breeding pool or gene introgression from wild species, and for disease diagnosis. Likewise,... |
Tipo: Journal article |
Palavras-chave: Banana; Improvement; Micropropagation; DNA; Markers; Plantain. |
Ano: 1998 |
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0717-34581998000100002 |
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Mahalakshmi,Viswanathan; Ortiz,Rodomiro. |
Sequencing and analysing of the Arabidopsis thaliana genome, the first plant kingdom genome to be unraveled, will always remain a scientific landmark. International initiatives to sequence rice, the most important cereal in Asia, are underway. However as functional information piles up in Arabidopsis and rice, researchers working in other crops will benefit from this new knowledge and apply it to their studied plants or crop species. The increasing role of public databases of model organisms and bio-informatics in data mining, presents a new opportunity as well as a challenge to researchers to develop more focused molecular tools for gene discovery and deployment. The work presented in here describes how such an approach has benefited sorghum, a rainfed... |
Tipo: Journal article |
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Ano: 2001 |
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0717-34582001000300012 |
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Mahalakshmi,Viswanathan; Aparna,P.; Ramadevi,S.; Ortiz,Rodomiro. |
Simple sequence repeats (SSR) or micro-satellites are becoming standard DNA markers for plant genome analysis and are being used as markers in marker assisted breeding. De novo generation of micro-satellite markers through laboratory-based screening of SSR-enriched genomic libraries is highly time consuming and expensive. An alternative is to screen the public databases of related model species where abundant sequence data is already available. All the genomic sequences of Medicago from the public domain database were searched and analysed of di, tri, and tetra nucleotide repeats. Of the total of about 156,000 sequences which were searched, 7325 sequences were found to contain repeat motif and may yield SSR which will yield product sizes of around 200 bp.... |
Tipo: Journal article |
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Ano: 2002 |
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0717-34582002000300007 |
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Dwivedi,Sangam; Sahrawat,Kanwar; Puppala,Naveen; Ortiz,Rodomiro. |
Microbiota in the gut play essential roles in human health. Prebiotics are non-digestible complex carbohydrates that are fermented in the colon, yielding energy and short chain fatty acids, and selectively promote the growth of Bifidobacteria and Lactobacillae in the gastro-intestinal tract. Fructans and inulin are the best-characterized plant prebiotics. Many vegetable, root and tuber crops as well as some fruit crops are the best-known sources of prebiotic carbohydrates, while the prebiotic-rich grain crops include barley, chickpea, lentil, lupin, and wheat. Some prebiotic-rich crop germplasm have been reported in barley, chickpea, lentil, wheat, yacon, and Jerusalem artichoke. A few major quantitative trait loci and gene-based markers associated with... |
Tipo: Journal article |
Palavras-chave: Germplasm; Gut microbiota; Human health; Non-digestible fibers; Transgene. |
Ano: 2014 |
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0717-34582014000500008 |
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