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| Registros recuperados: 13 | |
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| Ottaviano, Gianmarco I.P.; Peri, Giovanni. |
| The standard empirical analysis of immigration, based on a simple labor demand and labor supply framework, has emphasized the negative impact of foreign born workers on the average wage of U.S.-born workers (particularly of those without a high school degree). A precise assessment of the average and relative effects of immigrants on U.S. wages, however, needs to consider labor as a differentiated input in production. Workers of different educational and experience levels are employed in different occupations and are therefore imperfectly substitutable. When taking this approach, one realizes that foreign-born workers are complements of U.S.-born workers in two ways. First, foreign-born residents are relatively abundant in the educational groups in which... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Labor and Human Capital. |
| Ano: 2006 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12073 |
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| D’Amuri, Francesco; Ottaviano, Gianmarco I.P.; Peri, Giovanni. |
| We adopt a general equilibrium approach in order to measure the effects of recent immigration on the Western German labor market, looking at both wage and employment effects. Using the Regional File of the IAB Employment Subsample for the period 1987-2001, we find that the substantial immigration of the 1990’s had no adverse effects on native wages and employment levels. It had instead adverse employment and wage effects on previous waves of immigrants. This stems from the fact that, after controlling for education and experience levels, native and migrant workers appear to be imperfect substitutes whereas new and old immigrants exhibit perfect substitutability. Our analysis suggests that if the German labor market were as ‘flexible’ as the UK labor... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Immigration; Skill Complementarities; Employment; Wages; Labor and Human Capital; E24; F22; J61; J31. |
| Ano: 2008 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6384 |
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| Bellini, Elena; Ottaviano, Gianmarco I.P.; Pinelli, Dino; Prarolo, Giovanni. |
| We investigate the relationship between diversity and productivity in Europe using an original dataset covering the NUTS 3 regions of 12 countries of the EU15 (Austria, Belgium, Denmark, France, former Western Germany, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden and the United Kingdom). In so doing, we follow the empirical methodology developed by Ottaviano and Peri (2006a) in the case of US cities. The main idea is that, as cultural diversity may affect both production and consumption through positive or negative externalities, the joint estimation of price and income equations is needed to identify the dominant effect. Based on this methodology, we find that diversity is positively correlated with productivity. Moreover, we find evidence... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Cultural Diversity; Economic Performance; Productivity; Europe; Community/Rural/Urban Development; O5; O11; O57; R5; R58. |
| Ano: 2009 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54171 |
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| Ottaviano, Gianmarco I.P.; Prarolo, Giovanni. |
| We study how the city system is affected by the possibility for the members of the same cultural diaspora to interact across different cities. In so doing, we propose a simple two- city model with two mobile cultural groups. A localized externality fosters the productivity of individuals when groups interact in a city. At the same time, such interaction dilutes cultural identities and reduces the consumption of culture-specific goods and services. We show that the two groups segregate in different cities when diaspora members find it hard to communicate at distance whereas they integrate in multicultural cities when communication is easy. The model generates situations in which segregation is an equilibrium but is Pareto dominated by integration. |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Cultural Identity; Cosmopolitan City; Productivity; Community/Rural/Urban Development. |
| Ano: 2009 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54291 |
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| Corcos, Gregory; Del Gatto, Massimo; Mion, Giordano; Ottaviano, Gianmarco I.P.. |
| We discuss how standard computable equilibrium models of trade policy can be enriched with selection effects without missing other important channels of adjustment. This is achieved by estimating and simulating a partial equilibrium model that accounts for a number of real world effects of trade liberalisation: richer availability of product varieties; tougher competition and weaker market power of firms; better exploitation of economies of scale; and, of course, efficiency gains via the selection of the most efficient firms. The model is estimated on E.U. data and simulated in counterfactual scenarios that capture several dimensions of European integration. Simulations suggest that the gains from trade are much larger in the presence of selection effects.... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Production Economics. |
| Ano: 2009 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56208 |
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| Ottaviano, Gianmarco I.P.; Peri, Giovanni; Wright, Greg C.. |
| How many "American jobs" have U.S.-born workers lost due to immigration and offshoring? Or, alternatively, is it possible that immigration and offshoring, by promoting cost-savings and enhanced efficiency in firms, have spurred the creation of jobs for U.S. natives? We consider a multi-sector version of the Grossman and Rossi-Hansberg (2008) model with a continuum of tasks in each sector and we augment it to include immigrants with heterogeneous productivity in tasks. We use this model to jointly analyze the impact of a reduction in the costs of offshoring and of the costs of immigrating to the U.S. The model predicts that while cheaper offshoring reduces the share of natives among less skilled workers, cheaper immigration does not, but rather reduces the... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Employment; Production tasks; Immigrants; Offshoring; Labor and Human Capital; F22; F23; J24; J61. |
| Ano: 2010 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98462 |
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| Baldwin, Richard E.; Forslid, Rikard; Martin, Philippe; Ottaviano, Gianmarco I.P.; Robert-Nicoud, Frederic. |
| This paper presents a simple framework in which the location and the growth rate of economic activities are endogenous and interact. We show that the nature of the equilibrium and of the relation between growth and location depends fundamentally on whether capital is assumed to be mobile (in which case we interpret it as physical capital) or immobile (human capital). In the first case, with constant returns to scale, growth and location are independent and no divergence or convergence process takes place. We show that newly created firms can relocate to the poor region, even though there is always a higher share of firms in the rich region, if the industry is competitive and if the return to capital is low. With immobile capital, a process of convergence... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: International Development. |
| Ano: 2001 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26403 |
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| Ottaviano, Gianmarco I.P.; Volpe Martincus, Christian. |
| There exists a growing body of literature which looks at export decisions made by firms. Most studies focus on developed countries and do not explore whether different behavioral patterns prevail over the firm size distribution. This paper aims at filling this gap in the literature by analyzing the export behavior of a statistically representative sample of 192 Small and Medium-Size Enterprises (SMEs) in a developing country, Argentina, over the period 1996-1998. We find that the level of employment, sourcing from abroad, investment in product improvement and average productivity are associated with a higher probability of exporting. Training activities for employees are important to export outside of MERCOSUR. |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: SME; Exports; Argentina; International Development; F10; F14; D21; L60. |
| Ano: 2009 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55287 |
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| Registros recuperados: 13 | |
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